B Nng Nghip v

PAGE 20

B nng nghip

v pht trin nng thn----------

S : 44 /2002/Q-BNNCng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

------------------------------------

H Ni , ngy 04 thng 6 nm 2002

Quyt nh ca B trngB Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn

V vic ban hnh tiu chun ngnh14 TCN 12-2002: Cng trnh thu li Xy v lt - Yu cu k thut thi cng v nghim thu.

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B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn

- Cn c Ngh nh s 73/CP ngy 01 thng 11 nm 1995 ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b my ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn;

- Cn c vo Php lnh cht lng hng ho ngy 24 thng 12 nm 1999;

- Cn c vo Quy ch lp, xt duyt v ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 135/1999/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 01 thng 10 nm 1999;

- Theo ngh ca ng V trng V Khoa hc cng ngh v cht lng sn phm,

Quyt nh

iu 1. Ban hnh km theo quyt nh ny tiu chun ngnh : 14 TCN 12-2002: Cng trnh thu li Xy v lt - Yu cu k thut thi cng v nghim thu.

iu 2. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy k t ngy k ban hnh v thay th cho QPTL.2-66: Quy phm xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li ban hnh theo quyt nh s 638TL/Q ngy 7/7/1966 ca B trng B Thu Li.

iu 3. Cc ng Chnh vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v CLSP, Th trng cc n v lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.

KT. B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thnTh trng ( k)Nguyn nh Thnh

B Nng Nghip

v Pht trin nng thnCng ho x hi ch ngha Vit Nam

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

*****

tiu chun ngnh

14TCN 12 - 2002

cng trnh thu li - Xy v lt -

Yu cu k thut thi cng v nghim thu

(Ban hnh theo quyt nh s: 44/2002/Q-BNN ngy 4 thng 6 nm 2002

ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)

1. Qui nh chung

1.1. Tiu chun ny qui nh v yu cu vt liu , va, k thut thi cng, kim tra v nghim thu kt cu xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li.

2. Tiu chun trch dn

- 14 TCN 80 - 2001: Va thu cng - Yu cu k thut v phng php th;

- 14 TCN 104 - 1999: Ph gia ho hc cho btng v va - Yu cu k thut;

- 14 TCN 107 - 1999: Ph gia ho hc cho btng v va - Phng php th;

- 14 TCN 105 - 1999: Ph gia khong hot tnh nghin mn - Yu cu k thut;

- 14 TCN 108 - 1999: Ph gia khong hot tnh nghin mn - Phng php th.

3. Yu cu k thut i vi xy, lt

3.1. Yu cu k thut chung dng xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li phi cng rn, c chc, bn, khng b nt rn, khng b h, chng c tc ng ca khng kh v nc. Khi g bng ba, pht ra ting ku trong; Phi loi b pht ra ting ku c hoc c va canxi mm. dng xy, lt phi sch, t v tp cht dnh trn mt phi ra sch bng nc tng s dnh bm ca va vi mt . Nn chn loi c cng nn ti thiu bng 85 MPa v khi lng th tch ti thiu 2400 kg/m3, ch tiu c th do thit k quy nh.

Cc tnh cht c hc ca xy lt c sn xut t cc loi thin nhin ghi trong bng 3.1.

Bng 3.1: Cc ch tiu c l ca mt s loi

STTTn Khi lng th tch, kg/dm3Cng nn,

MPa ht nc,

%

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 vi

Granit

Sienit

Diorit

Gabro

Diaba

Bazan

Andezit

Sathch1,7 - 2,6

2,1 - 2,8

2,4 - 2,8

2,9 - 3,3

2,9 - 3,3

2,9 - 3,5

2,2 - 2,7

2,3 - 2,630 - 150

120 - 250

150 - 200

200 - 350

200 - 350

300 - 400

100 - 500

120 - 240

30 - 3000,2 - 0,5

di 1

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3.2. Phn loi v yu cu k thut c th i vi cc loi xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li

3.2.1. hc: c sn xut bng phng php n mn, c khi lng t 20 n 40kg.

hc dng vi va xy tng hoc xy khan phi c kch thc ti thiu: dy 10cm, di 25cm, chiu rng ti thiu bng hai ln chiu dy. Mt khng c li lm qu 3cm; dng xy mt ngoi phi c chiu di t nht 30cm, din tch mt ph ra phi t nht bng 300cm2, mt li lm khng qu 3cm. hc lt phi c chiu di hoc chiu rng bng chiu dy thit k ca lp lt.

hc thng dng xy tng cnh, mng, tr pin, tng chn t, lt mi bng, mi nghing, sn tiu nng.

3.2.2. ch: c sn xut bng phng php ch bng cch n mn hoc dng chm st. ch phi c b mt tng i phng; Sau khi ch, cn o bng c v ba con b mt cn li lm nhiu hoc cha vung vn b mt tng i phng v vung vn. ch dng xy lt vi va phi t cht lng ca hc v c b mt phng hn.

ch thng dng xy, lt cc hng mc cng trnh nh hc (iu 3.2.1).

3.2.3. o: dng xy, lt vi va cn phi sch v t cht lng ca hc nh iu 3.2.1, ngoi ra phi c o gt bng ba cho mt ph ra ngoi tng i bng phng v vung vn.

- o va: cn c li lm b mt khng qu 10mm, c cnh di nh nht l 15cm, gc khng c lm v khng nh hn 60o.

o va thng dng xy tng ngc, tng trm bm, lp ngoi tng cnh g v tr pin chu p lc ct nc thp;

- o k: c gia cng k, chiu dy v chiu di ca ti thiu l 15 v 30cm. Chiu rng mt ph ra t nht gp ri chiu dy v khng nh hn 25cm. Mt phi tng i bng phng, vung vn, g gh khng qu 1cm.

o k thng dng xy phn di ca vm cun c khu t 2m tr xung, mt ngoi ca tr pin, tng u, cc b phn cng trnh chu p lc ct nc cao;

- o dng xy tng kiu t ong: phi c mt ph ra ngoi phng v c hnh a gic, chiu di mi cnh ti thiu bng 10cm, gc trong do cc cnh to thnh khng ln hn 180o. a gic mt ph ra ngoi c th hnh 5, 6, 7 cnh; Nn o thnh hnh 6 cnh to thnh mt xy p hn. Cc vin o xy gc tng phi c hai mt ph ra v hai pha thng gc vi nhau v u c hnh a gic. o loi ny cng phi c cay (chiu di) ti thiu 25cm.

3.2.4. hoc kiu: c sn xut bng cch ca x cc tng c chn lc rt cn thn v l loi tt, rt thun nht, tuyt i khng c vt nt, gn, h hoc b phong ho. phi u mt, nhng ht ln tn nhn thy trn mt cc mnh v phi u v kht. c cc tnh cht cn thit sau khi x thnh phin nhng mt ph ra u n.

hoc kiu thng dng xy rnh van, rnh phai, thp di ca cc vm cun c khu t 2m tr ln.

3.3. Kim tra cht lng

3.3.1. Kim tra hnh dng, qui cch v kch thc cc vin : theo yu cu ca tng loi quy nh cc iu 3.1 v 3.2.

3.3.2. Kim tra loi , ch tiu c l ca vin : th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu c l ca bng cch:

- Xc nh cng nn ca bng cch nn mu hnh tr c ng knh v chiu cao 5 cm, hoc mu lp phng 5 x 5 x 5 cm;

- Xc nh khi lng th tch ca bng cc mu nu trn hoc dng mu khng c qui cch bc parafin, ri nhng vo nc ng trong ng lng khc ; Th tch nc dng ln bng th tch ca vin cng vi th tch parafin bc mu, t tnh c th tch mu khng c qui cch; Khi lng th tch l t s trng lng chia cho th tch .

Ch c s dng t cht lng quy nh iu 3.1 v 3.2 cng nh cc yu cu c th do thit k quy nh vo xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li.

4. Yu cu i vi va xy, lt

4.1. Va xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li (va thu cng): phi t tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001: Va thu cng - Yu cu k thut v Phng php th.

Khi xy, lt trong tiu chun ny ch dng va vi cht dnh kt l ximng.

4.2. Yu cu i vi vt liu ch to va

4.2.1.Ximng

4.2.1.1. Loi ximng dng ch to va theo quy nh bng 4.1.

Bng 4.1: Loi ximng dng ch to va xy, lt

STTLoi ximngC th s dngKhng nn s dng

1Ximng pooclng,

Ximng pooclng hn hpCho cc loi va xy t 50 tr lnCho mc va nh hn 50

2Ximng pooclng bn sunfatCho va tip xc vi mi trng sunfatCho va khng tip xc vi mi trng sunfat

3Ximng pooclng x ht l caoCho va tip xc vi mi trng nc mm, nc khongCho va dng ni c mc nc thay i thng xuyn

4Ximng pooclng puzlanCho va ni m t v trong ncCho va ni c mc nc thay i thng xuyn hoc thiu bo dng m trong iu kin thi tit nng nng

4.2.1.2. Mc ximng dng ch to va theo bng 4.2.

Bng 4.2: Mc ximng dng ch to cc mc va

Mc vaMc ximng

5

7,5

10

15

20 30

30

30

30

30 ( 40

Ghi ch: * Khi mc ximng cao hn cc gi tr ch dn trong bng trn ng vi cc mc va qui nh, th c th pha thm ph gia khong nghin mn vo ximng gim mc ximng, hoc pha trc tip vo va cng vi ximng khi trn va; T l pha ph gia xc nh thng qua th nghim.

4.2.1.3. Kim tra cht lng ximng phi qua phiu kim nghim ximng ca nh my ximng; Khi cn thit, hoc nghi ng v cht lng th phi th nghim xc nh cc ch tiu ca ximng theo tiu chun 14 TCN 80 -2001.

4.2.2. Nc dng trn va: phi t tiu chun 14TCN80-2001 v khng cha cc cht cn tr qu trnh ng cng ca ximng. Nu dng nc ngm hoc nc ao h trn va th phi qua th nghim quyt nh; Dng nc trong h thng cp nc sinh hot (nc ung) th khng cn phi kim tra.

4.2.3. Ct dng ch to va phi t qui nh trong tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001, trong :

a) Kch thc ln nht ca ht ct khng vt qu 2,5mm i vi khi xy o, , kiu v 5mm i vi khi xy hc.

Thnh phn ht ca ct nm trong biu thnh phn ht ca ct qui nh trong tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001;

b) Cc yu cu khc ca ct c ghi trong bng 4.3.

Bng 4.3: Cc yu cu ca ct dng ch to va

STTTn ch tiuMc va 5 ( 7,5Mc va ln hn 7,5

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Hm lng st, st, cc tp cht dng cc:

Hm lng ht ln hn 5mm:

Khi lng th tch xp, tnh bng kg/m3, khng nh hn:

Hm lng sunfat, sung fit tnh theo % khi lng SO3, khng ln hn:

Hm lng ht nh hn 0,14mm, tnh bng % khi lng ct, khng ln hn:

Hm lng bn, bi, st, tnh bng % khi lng ct, khng ln hn:

Hm lng tp cht hu c c th theo phng php so mu ca dung dch trn ct vi mu chun:Khng c

Khng c

1150

2

35

10

-

Khng c

Khng c

1250

1

20

3

Khng sm hn mu chun

Ghi ch: Khi ct c hm lng ht nh hn 0,14mm v hm lng bn, bi, st ln hn qui nh, th phi ra.

c) Ct a v cng trng cn thnh ng ni kh ro, sch s trnh ln bn, t v cc tp cht khc.

Khi ly ct trn va, cn xc sao ct c thnh phn nh vn c ca ct, khng xc qu nhiu ht to hoc ht nh.

4.2.4. Ph gia dng cho va: gm ph gia ho v ph gia khong nghin mn phi t tiu chun 14 TCN 104 - 1999 v 14 TCN 108 - 1999.

4.3. Yu cu k thut i vi va xy v va lt

4.3.1. Cc yu cu k thut i vi va v hn hp va: phi m bo cc yu cu sau:

- t Mc thit k qui nh vi thnh phn c tnh ton;

- C dnh kt tt vi xy, lt;

- C lu ng, phn tng, kh nng gi nc v thi gian ng kt nh bng 4.4.

Bng 4.4: Cc tnh cht ca va xy, lt

STTTn ch tiuKhi tri nng nngKhi tri lnh

1

2

3

4

lu ng, tnh bng cm:

- Xy hc khng dng chn ng, lt :

- Xy hc c dng chn ng:

- Xy , kiu khng dng chn ng:

phn tng i vi hn hp va do, tnh bng cm3, khng ln hn:

Kh nng gi nc, tnh bng %, khng nh hn:

Thi gian bt u ng kt k t sau khi trn, tnh bng pht, khng sm hn:6 - 7

2 - 3

10 - 124 - 5

1 - 2

7 - 9

30

63

25

4.3.2. Yu cu vic ch to va: tin hnh theo ph lc C ca tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001 v mt s quy nh sau:

a) Thnh phn va ximng - ct: xc nh theo tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001;

b) i vi va mc thp (di 7,5) v khi lng t, c th trn hn hp va bng tay; Sn trn phi bng phng, khng thm nc, rng thao tc d dng. Ch trn va phi che ma nng. i vi va mc t 7,5 tr ln v khi lng nhiu, nn trn va bng my trn. Trc khi trn va phi chun b y vt liu, thit b trn v cc dng c cn ong vt liu. Phi kim tra my trn v dng c cn ong, nu cn th sa cha v hiu chnh my trn hot ng bnh thng v dng c cn ong chnh xc. Sai s cn ong khng vt qu (2% khi lng tng loi vt liu cho m trn. Nu ct m, phi iu chnh lng nc trn tr lng nc trong ct. Trn m va theo ng thnh phn xc nh.

c) Khi trn va bng tay, phi theo trnh t sau: u tin trn ximng vi ct v ph gia khong hot tnh nghin mn (nu c), ri vun thnh ng v moi mt hc trng gia. nc vo hc v gt hn hp kh xung quanh hc vo nc cho phn ln nc ngm vo hn hp. Sau trn u bng xng cho n khi t c hn hp va ng mu (va ng nht) th ngng trn. Nu dng ph gia ha hc dng lng trong va, th ha tan trc ph gia vo nc trn, ri mi nc vo hc trng v trn nh trn. Trn xong, nh gn hn hp va vo mt ng xc tng phn em i s dng;

d) Khi trn va bng my trn, phi theo trnh t sau: u tin cho nc vo my trn, sau ct, ximng v ph gia khong nghin mn (nu c). Nu dng ph gia ha hc dng lng trong va, th c nc v ph gia vo my trn v my trn chy trong 30 - 45 giy, sau mi ximng, ct v ph gia khong hot tnh nghin mn (nu c). Ch dng my trn sau khi thy hn hp va ng mu (ng nht), nhng thi gian trn khng nh hn 2 pht.

Cc th nghim hn hp va phi c tin hnh ngay sau khi trn c s iu chnh cn thit thnh phn va.

4.3.3. Yu cu i vi vic vn chuyn v s dng va:

a) Nu va trn trm trn xa cng trng, th phi chuyn ch va bng t chuyn dng hoc t t . Thng ng va vn chuyn phi tht kn v chc chn va khng b ri vi v mt nc;

b) My trn, dng c trn v chuyn ch va sau khi dng xong, phi c c ra sch s ngay, khng va bm dnh v ng cng;

c) Sau khi vn chuyn va ti cng trng khng va trc tip trn nn t, cn trn sn lt tn hoc nn ximng, hoc lt gch va khng b ln t bn, gim cht lng. Phi dng ht hn hp va ximng trc khi ximng bt u ng kt. Thi gian bt u ng kt ca ximng c xc nh bng th nghim; Nu khng c iu kin th nghim, c th tham kho bng 4.5.

Bng 4.5: Thi gian ng kt ca xi mng

Pooclng v pooclng hn hpPooclng puzlan

20 - 30

10 - 201 gi 30 pht

2 gi 15 pht2 gi

3 gi

Nu va b phn tng, trc khi dng phi trn li. Khng va ngoi nng trnh mt nc; Khi ma, phi che y cn thn.

4.4. Kim tra cht lng va

i vi cng trnh quan trng v va mc t 7,5 tr ln, phi kim tra cht lng va sau khi trn theo tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001 trn cc mu ly ngay ti ch thi cng:

- Kim tra lu ng ( xuyn cn) thng xuyn, mi ca ti thiu phi o hai ln iu chnh lng nc trn va khi cn thit;

- Trong ma h nng nng, ma kh vi gi hanh kh, va mt nc nhanh, th phi th thm kh nng gi nc ca hn hp va v phn tng: phn tng khng c ln hn 30 cm3.

- C trn 50 m3 hn hp va, phi c mt nhm ba mu th cng tui 28 ngy, nu cn d on sm cng va tui 28 ngy th phi c thm mt nhm ba mu va th nghim tui 3 hoc 7 ngy theo ph lc D ca tiu chun 14 TCN 80 - 2001.

5. yu cu K thut xy

5.1. Xy thnh tng hng c va

5.1.1. Chn hc, hoc ch: c mt ph ra tng i u nhau mt xy c u n v p (hnh 5.1).

Trc khi xy phi ra cho sch v ti t mt nc ht vo cng gn n trng thi bo ho cng tt. Khng dng bn v kh xy.

Hnh 5.1. Xy hc thnh tng hng

5.1.2. X l nn trc khi xy

a) i vi nn t: phi bc ht lp t hu c, t bn, t c ln vi, gch nt ca cng trnh c li (nu c), sau sa phng mt nn;

b) i vi nn : phi bc ht lp phong ha trn mt theo thit k; C ra sch s hang hc v k h ri btng hoc va ximng lp kn v lm phng mt nn. Sau khi btng v va ng cng mi c xy;

c) Xy trn tng lc ngc: phi ri mt lp v bao ximng, mt lp btng ht nh dy khong 4-5 cm, ri mi xy ln trn;

d) Xy trc tip ln nn t: phi chn nhng hn ln, d mnh xung t nhiu ln cho vin ngp mt phn trong t lin kt tt gia v t;

e) Xy tip trn cc khi xy c: phi co ht ru mc, ra sch v ti nc ln khi xy c, ri mi ri va xy khi xy mi;

g) Nu trong h mng c nc mch: phi x l nc mch cho kh ro, ri mi xy.

5.1.3. K thut xy : theo cc yu cu sau:

a) Khng c xy to hoc nh tp trung vo mt ch theo chiu di ca tng; Nu tng dy th xy to pha ngoi v nh trong li. ln cn ginh xy phn chn tng v gc tng;

b) Cn xy vi cao ng u trong kt cu xy nn ln u, nu phi chia kt cu thnh tng on, th ch ngt on phi xy dt cp;

c) Khi xy phi t thnh tng hng, mi hng phi c cc hn cu cht to h ging. Khi xy tng giao nhau, trong tng hng phi b tr cc vin cu cht cc u tng vi nhau;

d) Trng hp khi xy nm cnh khi btng hoc nm gia hai khi c khp ni chng ln, th ti ch tip gip vi khi btng phi xy bng o hoc btng;

e) Phi chn cht cc khe mch rng bn trong khi xy bng va v nh. Khng xy trng mch mt ngoi cng nh bn trong khi xy, nhng vin xy trong cng mt lp phi c chiu dy tng ng nhau. Mch ng ca lp xy trn phi so le vi mch ng lp xy di t nht 8cm. Trong mi lp phi xy hai hng mt ngoi tng trc, sau xy cc hng gia. Cc hn xy mt ngoi tng phi c kch thc tng i ln v bng phng. Khng c t tip xc trc tip vi nhau m khng m va. Phi va trc, t sau, khng c lm ngc li;

g) Khi xy phi t nm hn , mt to xung di. Phi m trc hn ; nu cn, sa li vin bng ba hn nm kht v tr vi mch va khng dy qu 3cm. Sau khi m th v sa li hn , nhc n ln, ri va, ri t vo, dng tay lay, ly ba g nn vo hn va phi ra ngoi mt, sau dng thanh st trn ( = 10mm.Thc k vo mch ng nn cht va, ng thi chn thm dm vo mch va mch tht no va. Khng dng dm k hc mt ngoi.

h) Khi xy ct, tr, phi t thnh tng hng cao 0,25m, cc vin mt c chn cm su vo khi xy. Cn chn nhng vin di, dy mnh; khng nn dng vt cnh, mng;

i) Khi tm ngng xy, phi va, chn dm vo cc mch ng ca lp trn cng, trn mt lp ny khng c ri va; Nu thi gian ngng ko di, mt trn ca tng phi c che ph kn v ti nc (c bit trong ma h, ma kh, ma gi ty).

Khi xy tip, phi c qut dn ht rc bn v phi ti nc cho m mt trn ca tng, khng ng nc; Sau tri va ln ri xy tip;

k) Khng c lm tc ng lc hoc i li trn mt khi xy khi mch va cha ng cng. Ch p t sau tng chn t v cho tng chu ti trng thit k khi va t cng thit k;

l) Nu trong tng c l thot nc, c th dng thn cy chui hoc g lm li, sau khi xy xong phi rt ra.

5.2. Xy hc khng thnh hng c va

5.2.1. Yu cu hc: hc th khng cn hai mt tng i song song.

Hnh 5.2. Xy hc khng thnh hng5.2.2. K thut xy hc khng thnh hng: khc xy thnh hng ch cc vin xy ca hng ny ngm vo hng kia (hnh 5.2), phi tun theo quy nh nh i vi hc xy thnh hng v nhng qui nh sau:

a) Chiu dy cc mch va khng ln hn 20mm v phi u nhau; Cc mch xy ngang dc khng c tp trung vo thnh mt im nt (hnh 5.3): Khng to thnh nhng mch cho ko di thnh hnh ng cong (hnh 5.4); Khng to mch ng song song, mch cho ch thp, mch va li lm;

b) Phi phn b u ln, nh trong khi xy, khng chn vn vo cc mch va ngoi mt khi xy, khng t cc vin c mt li lm theo hng chu lc ca khi xy (hnh 5.5);

Hnh 5.3. im nt. Hnh 5.4. ng cong. Hnh 5.5. Lm hng ln.

c) Khi xy, va trc, ri t vin cn thn ln va v sp xp bng tay cc vin n khp vo nhau, m bo t nht ba im t ln cc vin di. Cc vin nh c ken vo gia nhng vin to, to thnh khi c v vng chc. Sau tip va lp y hon ton cc khe k. Mt ph ra ca cc vin khng nh ra tt vo qu 50mm so vi tuyn qui nh.

5.3. Xy o c va

Xy o phi tun theo qui nh cho xy thnh hng v mt s qui nh sau:

a) Khi t vin , ch cho th dc vin tng i thng gc vi phng chu lc. Mt ph ra ngoi ca o phi phng nhn, c chiu ngang t nht gp i chiu cao;

b) Mch va phi no va v dy khng qu 15mm, nhi cht mch ng, chn thm dm cho tht c cht vo mch va pha ui vin ;

c) Xy o gc tng, khe van, khe phai, phi theo quy nh sau:

- Chn vin c phm cht tt, kch thc ln, c ui (cay) di, mt bng phng, vung thnh, sc cnh;

- Xy theo kiu ci ln;

- Thng xuyn kim tra, m bo thng ng gc vung v kch thc chnh xc ca khe van, khe phai.

5.4. Xy ( kiu) c va

Xy ( kiu) phi tun theo qui nh nh i vi xy hc thnh lp v xy o, ngoi ra cn phi theo qui nh sau:

a) Phi la chn nhng vin ( kiu) c hnh dng, qui cch v kch thc theo yu cu ca thit k;

b) Khi vn chuyn, xp ng v xp t khi xy, phi lm ht sc cn thn khng lm st m cc vin ;

c) Phi xy ng kiu cch bn v thit k;

d) Khi cn thit, c th dng nm k vin khi xy; Khi xy xong phi rt nm ra, ri nhi va vo v tr nm cho tht kn v cht.

5.5. Xy kiu "t ong" c va

5.5.1. o dng xy tng kiu t ong phi c mt ph ra ngoi phng v c dng a gic, chiu di mi cnh ti thiu bng 10cm, gc trong do nhng cnh to thnh khng ln hn 180o. a gic mt ph ra ngoi c th c 5, 6, 7 cnh hoc nhiu hn, nhng tt nht c 6 cnh, v loi ny to thnh mt th xy p. Mt v cnh vin phi phng, sc mch va c u v cht. Khng dng vin c mt ngoi hnh tam gic hoc t gic. Cc vin o xy gc ngoi ca tng phi c hai mt ph ra ngoi thng gc vi nhau v u c dng a gic; o loi ny cng phi c ui (cay) di ti thiu 25cm.

5.5.2. Khi xy kiu "t ong" cn theo quy nh sau:

a) Khng th dng ton loi 5 cnh hoc 7, 8 cnh xy ring v kh ghp vi nhau, kh to c mt xy u n; Cn xy ln ln, c th xy ton loi 6 cnh to c mt xy u n v p, khi nn t cc vin ng (hnh 5.6);

b) Khi xy hn hp cc vin to, nh c 5 cnh tr ln, phi sp xp cc vin nh bao quanh ln thnh mt mng li cn xng, theo kiu hnh hoa th (hnh 5.7). Cc vin ln c sa mt ph ra c nhiu cnh (7, 8, 9 cnh), kt hp cht ch gia cc vin ln v nh (hnh 5.6).

Hnh 5.6. t cc vin dng ng. Hnh 5.7. t cc vin kiu hoa th.5.6. Xy vm c va

5.6.1. Dng cp pha v gi bng g hoc bng thp trc khi xy vm v cn phi m bo cc yu cu sau:

a) Vng chc, ng kch thc, tho lp d dng v dng c nhiu ln;

b) Gim cc mi ni ti mc t nht; Vn khun phi nhn v kht;

c) Gim lc un v lc hng ngang vo cc thanh chng;

d) Gi khun vm v thanh chng phi t trn nn tt, bo m khng ln. Nu nn xu, nn k chn chng bng cc tm k rng khng b ln. Thanh chng c th c k bng nm d iu chnh v tho d;

e) Trnh va chm mnh lm mo, lch cp pha v gi sau khi lp dng.

5.6.2. xy vm: phi c kch thc chun, t ng hoc nghing, khng t nm.

Nu xy vm bng o, phi gia cng c hnh nm, trng hp chiu dy u mch va v cui mch va chnh lch nhau khng qu 1cm c th dng hnh ch nht.

5.6.3. Ch nn dng ximng pooclng ch to va xy. Khng nn dng ximng pooclng puzlan hoc ximng pooclng x, v hai loi ximng ny cng chm hn (nht l ma ng). Khi cn tho d cp pha sm, c th dng ximng pooclng cng nhanh hoc pha ph gia cng nhanh vo va.

5.6.4. Khi xy vm cn phi:

a) Ti m trc khi xy, trn va trong nh hoc ni rm mt.

b) Lp xy vm phi to thnh hnh nan qut, chiu dy cui mch va khng c nh hn 5mm. Chiu dy u mch va khng c ln hn 2cm, nu l v khng ln hn 2,5cm nu l o, mch phi so le nhau ti thiu 10cm trn chiu rng (khu ) ca vm;

c) Xy ng thi t hai chn vm ln nh vm trn khp chiu dy v chiu rng ca vm;

d) Sau khi va xy t 70% cng thit k (tui 28 ngy), mi c xy kha vm (vin nh vm), nu khng c iu kin th nghim th sau 7 ngy v ma h v sau 14 ngy v ma ng mi xy vin kho vm ng v tr v phi chn va tht k. ng tim ca vin kha vm phi trng vi ng tim ca vm;

e) Sau khi xy vm v va bt u ng cng, phi bo dng m bng cch ti m 3 ln/ngy v che nng trong ba ngy u sau khi thi cng xong;

g) Sau khi xy xong kho vm t nht 3 ngy m mi c xy dng cc cng trnh nm trn vm, phi xy i xng t hai chn vm ln nh.

5.6.5. Tho d vn khun trong iu kin nhit trung bnh ngy m bng hoc ln hn 15oC: sau 10 ngy m k t lc xy vin kho vm (nu khu vm nh hn 5m), sau 10 ngy m (nu khu vm t 5 n 8m). Nu nhit thp hn, th c thp hn 1oC phi ko di thm 1 ngy m. Trng hp cn tho d cppha sm, th phi dng va cng cao (tng ximng) hoc dng ph gia cng nhanh hoc cc bin php khc v thng qua th nghim xc nh thi gian tho d cppha, c s ng ca c quan thit k v gim st.

Sau khi tho d cppha phi thng xuyn quan st s bin dng ca vm.

5.7. Cng tc trt mch v to gn

5.7.1. Sau khi xy xong, mch va thng khng c hon ton c chc v cha y, cn phi trt mch cho cc mt khi xy (c mt khut v mt l ra ngoi) nhm t yu cu sau:

a) Tng cng chng thm ca khi xy ( chng thm tt th trc ht phi xy tt cc mch no va v c nn cht);

b) Lin kt cht ch thm cc hn mt ngoi khi xy;

c) Tng v p ca cng trnh i vi mt xy l ra ngoi.

5.7.2. Trc khi trt mch phi lm cc cng vic sau:

a) Dng c con c mch va xy vo su t nht 3cm (nu khi xy mc mch, th ch cn c thm nhng ch cha su 3cm);

b) Dng bn chi st hoc bn chi nilng v nc c ra tht sch cc mch va c v mt ;

c) m bo mch va m, nhng khng c nc ng khi trt mch.

Sau khi hon thnh cc cng tc x l mch, phi kim tra v nghim thu bng vn bn trc khi trt mch.

5.7.3. Khi trt mch: dng bay p va vo khe mch v mit mch. Sau khi va se mt, li mit mt ln na cho tht cht, sau tin hnh nh sau:

a) Lm mch chm: u tin trt va cho bng vi mt khi xy v mit cht. Sau dng thanh st trn c ng knh 10 - 15mm un cong mt u, c i c li vo gia mch, to thnh nhng ng k ch su 5 - 7mm p va thm cht v tng v p cho cng trnh (mch chm lng mng) (hnh 5.8). Khi mch tng i phng, c th lm mch chm bng cch ly mt thc g n vo mch c mch lm su khong 5 - 7mm. Mun lm mch chm su, th sn thc g mp mch lm c cho su ca mch khi va v t vin ;

b) Lm mch bng: khi trt mch g ln trn mt khi xy 1cm v rng 3- 4cm, va trt trm ln mch v ph mt phn vin gn mp mch xy (hnh 5.9);

c) Lm mch ni (to gn): p va cao hn mt khi xy 1cm. Mt ct ngang ca gn l hnh thang cn: y nh ngoi rng 3cm, hai cnh xin vi dc 1:1 (hnh 5.10).

Hnh 5.8. Mch chm

Hnh 5.9. Mch bng

Hnh 5.10. Mch ni (to gn)5.7.4. Sau khi trt mch, phi lm v sinh, co sch cc vt va cn dnh trn mt khi xy hoc ri vi di chn cng trnh.

5.7.5. Nu thit k trt mt ton b khi xy tng chng thm v m quan, th tin hnh trt mt nh i vi khi xy gch. Trc khi trt, b mt khi xy phi c lm sch v ti nc lm m (nu khi xy mi c thi cng, th ch cn ti m). Phi trt lp va lt lp y cc ch trng v to thnh b mt tng i phng, sau trt lp tip theo (c th l lp ngoi cng). Khi trt, phi mit bng bn xoa cho va dnh cht vo mt trt, cc lp va lin kt cht vi nhau v mt trt bng phng. tng s lin kt ca lp va sau vi lp va trc, cn nh xm mt lp trt trc bng cch dng bay vch cc vt di ngang dc khi va cn cha cng hn. Khi lp va trc se mt, mi c trt lp sau. Nu lp trc kh qu, th phi ti nc lm m. Mt lp trt cui cng phi xoa k mt va tht bng phng. Kim tra phng ca mt trt bng cch t thc thng di 2m, ri o khe h gia thc v mt tng; Nu thy ch no cha phng, th sa cha ngay. Mt tng sau khi trt khng c c vt nt n kiu chn chim, g gh hoc cc vt va chy.

Kim tra bm dnh ca va bng cch g nh trn lp trt, nu ch no pht ra ting ku bm bp, l dnh bm km , phi ph ra v trt li.

5.8. Cng tc bo dng khi xy

5.8.1.Sau khi xy v sau khi trt mch hoc trt mt phi bo dng tt khi xy: che y khi tri nng trnh va mt nc nhanh, co ngt nhiu v pht sinh nt n. Khi va bt u ng cng, ti m lin tc trong 4 - 6 ngy, nh k sau 2 - 3 gi trong ngy; Ban m nu tri nng cng phi ti 1 - 2 ln.

i vi mt va trt c th phun cht bo dng ln mt va sau khi trt ngn cn s bay hi ca nc trong va thay cho vic ti nc.

5.8.2. Khi ang xy, khi mi xy xong hoc trt xong, va cha kp ng rn m gp tri ma, cn che y k khi xy gi cho mch xy, va trt khng b nc ma ph hoi.

5.8.3.Trong thi gian bo dng v khi va cha cng, khng c i li trn khi xy, phi bc cu cng tc, trnh gy rung ng v va chm mnh vo khi xy. Khi tho gin do, cu cng tc v cppha, thanh chng vm khng c rung ng mnh trnh long mch, gim s n nh v kh nng chng thm ca khi xy.

5.8.4. Khi bt buc phi cho khi xy tip xc vi nc, phi theo qui nh sau:

a) Nu nc tnh: phi bo dng khi xy mt ngy m, ri mi cho tip xc vi nc;

b) Nu nc chy mnh: phi bo dng khi xy 28 ngy m, ri mi cho tip xc vi nc (va t cng thit k v khi xy chu c ti trng thit k).

6. k thut Lt

6.1. Lt khan

6.1.1. Lt khan: l xp thnh mt lp trn mt nm ngang, hoc nghing n nh nn v mi dc, trnh b st l, ph hoi.

6.1.2. lt khan: phi c cng chu nn, khi lng th tch v kch thc theo yu cu ca thit k. Hnh dng ca vin phi m bo xp t d dng.

6.1.3. Phi san nn v m nn theo yu cu ca thit k trc khi lt khan.

6.1.4. Khi lt : cn theo cc quy nh sau:

a) t vin theo chiu thng ng (nu chiu di ca hn bng chiu dy ca lp lt) v thng gc vi mt nn. i vi cc hn ln v qu di, c th t nghing (chiu rng ca hn bng chiu dy ca lp lt). Khng c xp hai vin dt chng ln nhau. Khe k gia cc vin lt ln c chn bng cc vin nh.

b) Cc vin lt khan hng trn cng ca mi nghing phi c cng hai mt phng: theo mi nghing v trn mt nn nm ngang (hnh 6.1).

Hnh 6.1. Lt trn mi nghingc) Lt trn mi nghing phi lt t di ln trn, chn cc vin ln nht lt hng di cng v hai bn ra ca phm vi lt . Khi lt phi m bo cht ch (cc vin tip xc cht vi nhau, vin trn t nht c 3 im tip xc vi cc vin di) nng cao tnh n nh ca mt lt mi dc.

d) Sau khi lt , phi m bo mt nn cht ch v tng i bng phng; g gh ca mt lt mi dc khng qu 100mm so vi tuyn thit k.

6.2. Lt c va

6.2.1. Lt c va: l xp thnh lp trn lp va lt ri chn cht cc khe k bng cc vin hoc mnh nh ph hp, sau hn hp va vo khe k v chc bng bay hoc que m bng g to thnh mt khi lin kt cht v c chc. Ri dn lp va theo vic t cc vin lt c t trn hn hp va cn do, cha bt u ng cng.

6.2.2. Lt c va phi theo cc quy nh sau:

a) trc khi lt phi c ra sch bn, t v cc cht c hi khc m bo dnh kt tt vi va;

b) Sau khi chn khe bng va, phi trt mch nh khi trt mch bng ca khi xy , hoc to gn i vi mt lt mi dc;

c) Mt ph ra ca lp lt mi dc c g gh trong khong 50 - 100mm so vi tuyn thit k ca mi dc;

d) Sau khi va bt u ng cng phi ti nc ln mch va va khng b mt nc v pht trin tt cng . Vic bo dng theo quy nh iu 5.8.

7. Cng tc kim tra v nghim thu khi xy , lt

7.1. Kim tra cht lng v cc vt liu ch to va (ximng, ct v ph gia): v cc vt liu sn xut va khi giao nhn phi c chng nhn cht lng sn phm ca c quan c thm quyn. Khi cn hoc c nghi ng v cht lng, phi tin hnh kim tra nh sau:

- Cht lng theo iu 3.6;

- Cht lng ximng, nc trn, cht lng ct theo tiu chun 14TCN 80 - 2001;

- Ph gia khong hot tnh nghin mn theo tiu chun 14 TCN 108 - 1999;

- Ph gia ha hc theo tiu chun 14 TCN 107 - 1999.

Phi lp h s kim tra cht lng theo quy nh, khng c s dng nhng vt liu khng t cht lng theo yu cu ca thit k.

7.2. Kim tra thnh phn va, thit b cn ong v trn va trong qu trnh sn xut va, cht lng hn hp va theo tiu chun 14 TCN 80 2001.

7.3. Kim tra cng tc chun b a im thi cng khi xy : chun b nn, cm tuyn, ln ga, m bo iu kin v sinh, an ton lao ng v.v...

7.4. Kim tra v nghim thu cht lng khi xy, lt ngoi thc t gm cc ni dung sau:

a) Cch b tr, sp xp cc vin , mch va, x l cc ch xy gin on v.v...;

b) Cht lng mc mch v trt mch, trt ngoi (nu c);

c) Kch thc, hnh dng khi xy, lt (i chiu vi bn thit k);

d) c chc ca mch va trong khi xy bng cch: c th mt s v tr quan st.

Nu nghi ng cng va, c th kim tra bng ba kiu qu lc nhn hiu PT/P/PM ca Thu S ln mch xy hoc p mu va ly t mch ra, cch lm nh sau: Ly hai ming va c hai mt tng i phng hnh vung mch nm ngang khi xy c chiu dy bng chiu dy mch va, cnh ca mi ming ln hn chiu dy ca n; Gn hai ming vi nhau bng thch cao to thnh mt khi gn nh hnh hp, ri trt ln hai mt trn v di ca khi mt lp thch cao mng (dy 1 - 2mm); sau mt ngy m, th nghim p mu c c cng mu va. Phi chun b v th nghim nm mu nh vy ri tnh gi tr trung bnh ca chng.

Nu mch va khng no, khng c chc, cng va khng t yu cu th phi d b khi xy lm li cho n khi kim tra t yu cu.

e) i vi lt khan: c th dng x beng cy th mt s v tr kim tra cht ca lp lt. cht ca khi lt t yu cu khi cy mt vin th t nht 3 vin xung quanh cng ln theo (ngha l chng lin kt cht ch vi nhau, c t nht 3 im tip xc vi cc vin khc).

7.5. Phi thng xuyn kim tra kp thi sa cha sai st, trnh thi cng h hng mi pht hin, phi ph i lm li. Lp bin bn, ghi r cc sai st pht hin c; Qui nh thi gian sa cha sai st v sau khi sa cha phi kim tra li v nh gi li cht lng; Kim tra vic bo dng, thi hn tho d vn khun gio (i vi vm), thi hn cho khi xy chu lc.

7.6. Phi kim tra, nghim thu kt cu v b phn cng trnh xy s b che khut trc khi thi cng b phn cng trnh lm sau.

7.7. Cc ti liu dng nghim thu cng tc xy, lt bao gm:

a) Cc bn v thi cng v cc vn bn sa i (nu c) c cp c thm quyn ph duyt;

b) Bn v hon cng do n v thi cng lp, c xc nhn ca ch u t;

c) Cc phiu kim nh cht lng vt liu ch to va (ximng, ct v.v), xy lt, kt qu th nghim hn hp va ca phng th nghim c cng nhn;

d) Bin bn nghim thu nn v cc b phn che khut;

e) S v bin php xy cc kt cu c bit nh vm v.v...;

g) S nht k thi cng (trong ghi r trnh t thi cng, cc cng vic x l, nhn xt v cht lng xy, lt v.v...).

7.8. Cng tc nghim thu phi tin hnh nghim thu tng phn v nghim thu ton b v lp bin bn y , r rng. Khi khi xy, lt khng t yu cu k thut, s ra yu cu x l v quyt nh ngy nghim thu li. Ch sau khi nghim thu xong v sa cha y nhng thiu st, th khi xy lt mi bn giao cho c quan qun l khai thc.

H s nghim thu gm bin bn nghim thu tng phn, ton b v cc ti liu quy nh iu 7.7.

7.9. Kch thc khi xy, lt phi m bo cc sai s cho php qui nh trong bng 7.1.

Bng 7.1: Cc sai s cho php vi khi xy, lt

STTCc hng mcSai s cho php, mm

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 lch so vi phng thng ng trn 1 m chiu cao ca:

Khe van, khe phai, b phn lp my mc:

Tng, m, tr pin:

Nhng c trong hai trng hp ny lch trn ton b chiu cao khng vt qu:

Khong cch gia tim cng trnh v

Mp mng:

Khe van, khe phai:

Tng, m, tr pin:

i vi khe van, khe phai:

Khong cch gia hai mp song song vi nhau khng c nh hn khong cch thit k, c th ln hn, nhng trn ton b chiu cao khng c ln hn:

Trn bnh , lch v pha thng, h lu gia hai khe van, hoc khe phai i din nhau trong cng mt ca cng:

i vi cao nh:

y cng, sn trc, sn sau, b tiu nng, tng tiu nng:

Tng cnh g, tng u, m, tr pin:

i vi chiu dy:

Xy mng bng hc:

Xy tng bng hc:

Xy ct bng hc:

Xy mng bng o, kiu:

Xy tng bng o, kiu:

Xy ct bng o, kiu:

g gh trn mt khi xy khng trt c kim tra bng cch p mt thc di 2m vo mt khi xy:

Xy mng bng hc:

Xy tng bng hc:

Xy ct bng hc:

Xy mng bng o, kiu:

Xy tng bng o, kiu:

Xy ct bng o, kiu:

V tr trn bnh ca vm v cc cng trnh trn vm:

Chiu dy ca thp xy vm so vi chiu dy thit k:

Cao y vm v cao nh vm:(3

(5

(15

(25

(3

(5

+3

+3

(10

(20

+30 0

+20 0

+20 0

+15 0

+15 0

+10 0

(20

(15

(15

(5

(5

(5

(20

(2

(15

Kt. B trng b nng nghip v ptnt

Th trng

Ph lc a

Thnh phn cc c xy

(Tham kho)

xy c hnh dng gn hnh khi ch nht cng tt. xy gm cc vin vi nhiu kch c sp xp cht ch vi nhau trong khi xy. Thnh phn cc c vin xy nn tho mn cc yu cu trong bng A.1.

Bng A.1. Thnh phn cc c vin xy

B dy danh ngha

(mm)Kch c gn ng cho (thit k)Kch thc ca hnh khi tng ng (mm)Cc c nh hn kch c cho (thit k), (%)

Trng lng (kg)Th tch (m3)

15015

10

5

0,50,006

0,004

0,002

0,0003175

150

125

50100

80

50

10*

25045

27

11

20,018

0,011

0,005

0,0003250

225

165

75100

80

50

10*

Ghi ch: (*) Vt liu ny bao gm cc mnh v cc c trong thnh phn cc c to nn mt khi c cht v vng chc.

Ph lc B

thnh phn va xy

(Tham kho)

Nu thnh phn va khng c iu kin xc nh bng tnh ton v thc nghim th c th ly thnh phn va nh sau: 1 phn ximng v 3 phn ct theo th tch v c th thay 10% trng lng ximng bng vi ti (Ca(OH)2). Va phi t cng nn ti thiu bng 50 kg/cm2 (5MPa).

Ch : c th ly khi lng th tch ca ximng l (x = 1,2 kg/l, khi lng th tch ca ct l (c = 1,45 kg/l, trng lng ca Ca(OH)2 trong vi nhuyn (ti trong h) bng 50% trng lng ca vi nhuyn.

____________________________________________

Nhit khng kh, oC

Loi ximng

3 cm

va trt mch

va xy

mch chm

mch bng

va trt mch

va xy

va trt mch

va xy

mch ni

20