1450 ce – 1750 ce timeline and chart (due: at the end of february) for timeline: choose one of the...
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1450 CE – 1750 CE Timeline and Chart (DUE: at the end of February)
For Timeline:•Choose one of the following pairs of places:
• AMERICAS and EUROPE• EAST ASIA and SOUTH ASIA• EUROPE and EAST ASIA• CENTRAL ASIA ( w Europe if you need) and EAST
ASIA• OCEANIA/ SOUTHEAST ASIA and EUROPE• SUB SAHARAN AFRICA and EUROPE• MIDDLE EAST and EUROPE
For CHART:•Remember to clearly identify REGIONS for Change and Continuities•Remember to give REASON for a Change AND Continuity that YOU identified
AP World Midterm review: How much do you remember?
Write the names of the people at your table at the top of the page. Write your period #
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.
8.9.10.11.12.13.14.
15.16.17.18.19.20.21.
22.23.24.25.26.27.28.
29.30.31.32.33.34.35.
36.37.38.39.40.41.
42.43.44.45.
-1 for every question wrong and:2nd Place: addt’l -13rd : -24th : -35th : -46th : -5Tie decided by #correct
1450- 1750 CE: The “Early Modern” Period
• The two hemispheres are joined in sustained contact AND so world trade networks flourish- fewer people remain outside of its influence- process of real GLOBALIZATION begins
• Balance of power in the world shifts in favor of Western Europe
• Land based empires retain control and power through use of gunpowder (Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals)
• Labor systems transformed: slavery becomes central to world economy and expands to New World/ social systems established in Americas based on race
• Previously held belief systems are challenged (Reformation) while in some places reaffirmation of traditional beliefs=stability
• Population compositions change world wide (plague, contact with Americas, reconfiguration of family, role of women)
British Hegemony?
Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
1. What are the preconditions for exploration in the 15th C?
We have seen Transoceanic Encounters Before- EXAMPLES??
We have seen Global Connections Before-EXAMPLES?
Political Stability Economic strength and wealth (government taxes or investors)Willingness to take risksSkilled and educated workersTechnological Innovation 1. Why the West?
Why the West?:Answers lie in:
geography political and economic
pluralism military inventions
empowerment of middleclass
spirit of invention andfree enterprise
(By 1900, Europe controlled 85%Of the globe)
Ptolemy’s View of the World (from Geographia c: 150 CE)- allowed European cartographers to reconstruct Ptolemy's world view when an ancient Greek manuscript was translated into Latin around 1300.
Psychological and physical obstacles impededearly explorationThought there was a vast southern land mass that wouldblock travel to the East around AfricaThought the earth was 7/8 land, underestimated size of earth
Week of February 2nd….
Due Tuesday 2/3: Notebook Check (50 points)
Due Wednesday 2/4: C 23 study questions/ terms/YOUR section of handout
THURSDAY 2/5: In class DBQ
FEBRUARY: AP Test Registration
FIELD TRIP TH 3/12
Mixed Motives:
New technologies used in navigation:
Chapter 22: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections
Chinese and European Exploration: 1405-1498• motives = profit (sugarcane, slavery, gold) trade, missionary activity, show of power• Portuguese excel: Prince Henry the Navigator (Gibraltor 1415)• wanted to avoid Muslim “middlemen” in trade with the East• (collapse of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 affected the trade routes… )• 1488: Bartolomeu Dias sailed around Cape of Good Hope• 1497-1499 Vasco de Gama : sailed to India and back• 1492: Columbus: sailed to the “Indies” (a.k.a San Salvador)
“good voyage” = scurvy claimed the lives of only 20% of the crewDa Gama lost 126/170 men
Why did England get involvedIn exploration so late?
Wind and Current Patterns in the World’s Oceans
Martin Behaim: creator of the first spherical globe of the Earth
Used Ptolemy’s calculations for circumference = 16,000 miles (9000 miles short)Insisted until the day he died (1504)that he reached Asia
EFFECTS? •Demographic (+)/ Migrations of Populations (+)(-)•Economic Growth/ Creation of First Global Trading System (+)•Creation of New Business Opportunities (+)•Global Diffusion of Food and Domestic Animals(+)•Increased Health and Nutrition (+) Permanent Alteration of Earth’s Cultural Exchange (+) Environment (-)(+)Devastating Spread of Disease Pathogens (-)
5 points food5 points card/explanation
TUES February 10
Columbian Exchange Cultural Experience: Part II (5 points)
You will randomly choose TODAY the name of an influential AP World person.You will research your person and come up with 5 facts about that person- delivered one at a time- the goal being that by the end, EVERYONE will be able to guess who you are.
BE Creative!~
5 excellent detailed facts
TUES February 10
TUES 2/3:
Find C 22 note sheetFill in back with Old World VS New World Foods…
Spain
Portugal
Treaty of Tordesilla 1494
Pope Alexander VI issued a “Line of Demarcation” in 1493…
______________________________________________________________________1400 1500 1600 1700
1800 CEPrince Henry (P) Alfonso English East James Cook (GB)Motives? d’Albuquerque (P) India Co (GB) Vitus Bering (Russia)Effects? Effects? United East Seven Year’s War
India Co (VOC) 1756-1763Bartholomeu Dias (P) (Dutch) Effects? GLOBAL COMPETITIONVasco de Gama (P) MERCANTILISM (Dutch kick out Portugal,Motives? Ferdinand Magellan (P) FR and GB compete for India,Effects? Effects? FR, GB and SP in Americas)
Christopher Spain capturesColumbus(S) PhilippinesMotives ? Sir Frances Drake (GB) Russia expands into SiberiaEffects? Effects?
WHY Portugal And Spain first?
(From your homework questions…….)How were the English and Dutch trading companies organized and administered? How were these companies able to establish themselves in Asia?
Effects:FR out of IndiaGB got FR colonies in CanadaFR kept Caribbean postsSP kept CubaGB took FloridaGB wins: British hegemony
Spanish in the Philippines
Vs.Dutch in Indonesia?
(Direct vs. Indirect rule)
Establishment of Trading Post Empires
• Portuguese first (economic reasons)
• Alfonso d’Alboquerque(safe conduct passes?)
• Portuguese control declinesby end of 16th C (WHY?)
English and Dutch Trading PostsEnglish East India Trading Co
Dutch United East India Co (VOC)
How were these trading companies organized and administered?
How were they able to establish themselves in Asia?
Roald Amundsen1872-1928
Waldeseemuller’s world map 1507
Jan Stobnicza 1512
Social:Development and Transformation of social structures
Political:State-building, expansion and conflict
InteractionBetween humans and the environment
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Social:Development and Transformation of social structures
Political:State-building, expansion and conflict
InteractionBetween humans and the environment
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C
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Loss of status for noble class/ rise of the peasants as consumers and a growing middle class/ middle class assuming larger role in government
economic power rests with family (cottage industries form to replace guilds)
World Population rose: 400 million (1500) to 900 million (1800)State sponsored exploration (Portugal and Spain first)/ helped fuel economy
Empire building (trading posts, colonies) tied to missionary and economic efforts
Exploration as source of identity and power in W Europe
Seven Year’s War (1756-1763)- power shift away from Ming, Abbasid, Byzantine, Mongols..
European geography facilitated the building of nation-states
Volta do Mar, knowledge of wind currents
North Star, knowledge of latitude
Culture:Development and interaction of cultures
Economic:Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems
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Culture:Development and interaction of cultures
Economic:Creation, expansion and interaction of economic systems
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Adopt sternpost rudder, compass, lateen sail, gunpowder, mapmaking, Exploration (Manila Galleons 1565-1815)
Renaissance as a foundation for this period
Primacy of the Roman Christian Church is fading in Western EuropeRole in political affairs is weakeningStill subject of art, missionary movement still strong, Crusades, Reconquista
Nation states are tied to the church
Wanted to circumvent Muslim intermediaries- find new route to the EastLand routes not as safe with fall of Mongols – need to find a sea routeCash crops – mining and trade of silver (Role of the Chinese here?)Trading post empires, banking, adoption of Arabic numerals, safe conduct passesEnglish East India Co 1600, United East India Co (VOC) 1602New business practices: joint stock companies, banking, birth of Capitalism (explore for profit, supply and demand control the marketplace)
Improvement in mining techniques, Improvements in military technology, printing press