14th asia expert meeting on noise (r41 and r51) and obd ... · 09:15 – 09:45 keynote speech...

Tentative Program as for 11 July 08

1

14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise (R41 and R51) and OBD

- DAY 1 -

Date: August 7, 2008 (THU) 08:30 - 16:00 Place: Grand Mercure Fortune Bangkok Hotel (Fortune Room, 3rd Floor), Bangkok

08:30 - 09:00 Registration

09:00 - 09:15 Opening Address Director-General, DLT

09:15 – 09:45 Keynote Speech Mr.Kenichi Tsujimura, JASIC

09:45 - 10:00 Coffee Break (15 minutes)

10:00 – 10:30 Noise and Exhaust Emission: Governmental policy Mr.Panya Warapetcharayut, PCD

10:30 – 11:15 Noise Regulation: General information Mr.Hideo Ohno, JASIC

11:15 – 12:15 R41 (Noise: Motor Cycles): Technical Requirements Mr.Kenichi Tsujimura, JASIC

12:15 – 13:30 Lunch

13:30 - 14:30 R51 (Noise: Motor Vehicles with 4 wheels and more): Technical Requirements Mr.Yoshihiro Shirahashi, JASIC


14:45 - 15:15 R41 & R51: Testing Method & Equipments (video) Mr.Hideo Ohno, Mr.Yoshihiro Shirahashi, Mr.Kenichi Tsujimura, JASIC 15:15 - 16:00 Q & A

Tentative Program as for 11 July 08

2

14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise (R41 and R51) and OBD - DAY 2 -

Date: August 8, 2008 (FRI) 09:00 - 12:40

Place: Grand Mercure Fortune Hotel (Fortune Room, 3rd Floor), Bangkok

09:00 - 09:45 ECE regulation on Exhaust Gas Emission: General Information Mr.Kenichi Tsujimura, JASIC

09:45 - 10:45 OBD: Technical Requirements

Mr.Hitoshi Harai, JASIC


11:00 - 12:00 OBD: Technical Requirements (continue) Mr.Hitoshi Harai, JASIC

12:00 - 12:30 Q & A 12:30 - 12:40 Closing address

12:40 Lunch

Opening Address 14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise and On-Board Diagnostic System

Regulations by

Mr. Suchart KLINSUWAN Director of Engineering and Safety Bureau,

Department of Land Transport

on

August 7, 2008

Fortune Room, Grand Mercure Fortune Bangkok Hotel, BANGKOK, Thailand

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Your Excellency Mr. Chairat SANGUANCHEU, Acting Director-

General, Department of Land Transport.

On behalf of all participants, I would like to express our heartfelt

appreciation and grateful thanks for presiding the opening ceremony of the

14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise and On-Board Diagnostic System

Regulations today.

The 14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise and On-Board Diagnostic

System Regulations is a consequence from 12th Government and Industry

Meeting (G/I Meeting) held in the Philippines, November 2007. Thailand, by

Department of Land Transport, hosts this meeting because the amount of

car population which increases rapidly in this time. It will cause noise and

air pollution which have a deleterious impact on Thai people.

This meeting brings together 80 participants from government

agencies and the automotive industry. DLT co-host the meeting with

Thai Automotive Industry Association (TAIA) and a kind support of experts

from Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization (JASIC).

/The main objective of…

-2-

The main objective of this meeting is to employ the knowledge of Noise and

On-Board Diagnostic System regulations concerning noise on motor cycles

and motor vehicles as well as On-Board Diagnostic System under Motor

Vehicle Act (B.E. 2522). In addition, this meeting is considered as the

essential step to achieve future international harmonization of vehicle

regulations and mutual recognition under the 1958 Agreement of WP.29

concerning vehicle construction, under the Economic Commission for

Europe of United Nations (UN/ECE).

At this auspicious moment, may I now take this opportunity to invite

Mr. Chairat SANGUANCHEU, Deputy Director-General, Department of

Land Transport, to declare the meeting open.

Thank you.

------------------

JASIC’s approach to internationalization of vehicle

regulation and certification system

A keynote speech for the 14th JASIC Asia Expert meetingBangkok, Thailand

August 7, 2008

Kenichi TsujimuraDirector of Technical section, JASIC

Contents• What is JASIC

• Cooperative activity for ASIA

• Internationalization activity

• Study on future MRA

What is JASIC• Objective

JASIC was established to assist the MLIT-Japan in promoting the international harmonization of automobile technical regulations and certification system with government and industry cooperation

Ministry of Land, infrastructure,Ministry of Land, infrastructure,Transport and TourismTransport and Tourism

Ministry of Economy, Trade and IndustryMinistry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

National traffic safety and environment laboratoryNational traffic safety and environment laboratory

The Japan Automobile Research InstituteThe Japan Automobile Research Institute

Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan,Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc.Inc.

Cooperation

Light Motor Vehicle Inspection Organization

Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association,Inc.

Japan Auto Parts Industries AssociationJapan Automobile Importers AssociationJapan Automotive Service Equipment

AssociationAutomobile Inspection & Registration

AssociationJapan Auto-Body Industries

Association,Inc. The Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers

Association,Inc.Flat Glass Manufacturers Association of

JapanJapan Land Engine Manufacture

Association

What is JASIC• Organization

Government

Organizations and IndustriesCommitteeCommitteeSecretariatsSecretariats

Head Office/Tokyo

Geneva Office

Washington Office

What is JASIC

Consultative Council

Advisory Committee

International Cooperation Committee

Inspection and Maintenance Systems Research Committee

WP 29 SC

Lighting and Light-signaling Devices SC

Breaks and Running Gear SC

Noise SC

Pollution and Energy SC

General Safety SC

Passive Safety SC

Regulation and Certification Systems Committee

Sub Committees

• Committee organization

To propose new ECE To modify ECE

To Introduce ECE

JASIC CommitteeJASIC Committee

Harmonization of Reg.

Mutual Recognitionof Certification

1. JASIC ASIA G/I Mtg2. JASIC ASIA Exp mtg3. Seminar etc


What is JASIC

Supporting Asian Countries - participation of UN/WP29- accession to the 1958 agreement- adoption of UN/ECE regulations- establishment of VTA


• Activity overview

UN/WP29 + GRsUN/WP29 + GRs


To Introduce ECE






Cooperative activity for ASIA






Consultative Council

Advisory Committee

International Cooperation Committee

Inspection and Maintenance Systems Research Committee

WP 29 SC

Lighting and Light-signaling Devices SC

Breaks and Running Gear SC

Noise SC

Pollution and Energy SC

General Safety SC

Passive Safety SC

Regulation and Certification Systems Committee

Sub Committees

• Activity organization

1. JASIC G/I Meeting2. JASIC Expert Meeting3. Seminar courses

etc

1. JASIC G/I Meeting2. JASIC Expert Meeting3. Seminar courses

etc

TechnicalTechnicalassistanceassistance

OrganizingOrganizing


• 27-29, November 2007• in Manila, Philippines• 150 participants from 14 countries• Discussion on

– Reporting on relative activities and country’s situation.– Establishment of the vehicle type approval systems.– Future G/I meeting

The 13The 13thth JASIC ASIA Government and Industry meetingJASIC ASIA Government and Industry meeting

The 12The 12thth JASIC ASIA Government and Industry meetingJASIC ASIA Government and Industry meeting

“Strengthening of the Mutual Recognition of a Whole Vehicle Certification infrastructure under the 1958 Agreement”

November 26-28,2008 in Chiang-mai, Thailand.

• JASIC Asia Government and Industry meeting


G/I meetingG/I meetingG/I meeting

Exp meetingExp meetingJASICJASICJASIC

• Proposal&

• Agreement

• Support

• Reporting

• Participation

To improve the specific knowledgeTo strengthen the cooperation among Asian countries.

Dispatch expertsDispatch experts

• Brunei Darussalam• Cambodia• China• Chinese Taipei• Hong Kong• India• Indonesia

•• Brunei DarussalamBrunei Darussalam•• CambodiaCambodia•• ChinaChina•• Chinese TaipeiChinese Taipei•• Hong KongHong Kong•• IndiaIndia•• IndonesiaIndonesia

• Japan• Korea• Lao PDR• Malaysia• Myanmar• Philippines• Singapore• Thailand• Vietnam

•• JapanJapan•• KoreaKorea•• Lao PDRLao PDR•• MalaysiaMalaysia•• MyanmarMyanmar•• PhilippinesPhilippines•• SingaporeSingapore•• ThailandThailand•• VietnamVietnam

G/I meeting memberG/I meeting memberG/I meeting member

• JASIC Asia expert meeting

- Purpose


Lecture• The 1958 agreement• Type approval systems• Environmental regulation• Safety regulation etc

Demonstration test• Lighting• Noiseetc



The 1958 AgreementAccession to the 1958 AgreementAccession to the 1958 AgreementMotor vehicle type approvals

Seats, Safety belts, Belt anchorages and Head restraint

Type approval systemsWP29 ParticipationBrakes(R13H)Accession to the 1958 Agreement Installation of lamps

ThemeTheme

Thailand2003/Aug1st

India2007/Sep10th

Vietnam2007/Apr9th

Indonesia2007/Feb8th

Philippines2007/Feb7th

Thailand2006/Oct6th

Hong Kong2006/Jun5th

Philippines2006/Jan4th

Thailand2005/Aug3rd

Indonesia

PlacePlace

2005/July2nd

DateDateNo.No.



Noise on 2 and 4 wheelersIndonesia2007/Oct11th

Noise and OBDThailand2008/Aug14th

GRPE and Fuel quality

Seats, Safety belts, Belt anchorages and Head restraint

R43 Safety glazing material Motorcycle safety (R53/R78/R113)

ThemeTheme

Thailand2008/Jun12th

Indonesia2008/Aug16th

Malaysia2008/Aug15th

Indonesia

PlacePlace

2008/July13th

DateDateNo.No.



To Introduce ECE






Internationalization activity






• 127 regulations regarding vehicle parts and vehicle components under the 1958 agreement have been established by WP29 and GRs.

ECEEconomic Commission for Europe

ESCAPE. C. for Asia & the Pacific

WP29World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

AC1,AC2AC3,AC4

U N / General Assembly

GRPE GRSPGRSGGRRFGRE

ITCInland Transport Committee

ECOSOCEconomic and Social Council

http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29fdoc/ECE-TRANS-WP29-343r16efr.pdfGRB

• UN/ECE regulations


• The 1958 agreement is an agreement under the "World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)“ with 48 contracting parties.

1958 agreement describe, the rule of• establishment of new and revised ECE

regulations.• operation of mutual recognition of ECE type

approvals.• enforcement of ECE regulations.

• UN/ECE regulations

Internationalization activity• Contracting party for the 1958 agreement


The 1958 agreement

The 1998 agreement

EUEU

Discussionat WP29&GRDiscussion

at WP29&GRgtr

Reference

EUEU

MRAMRA

Technicalrequirements

ECE regulation

Technicalrequirements

Adoptionand

Enforcement

CertificationCertificationprocedureprocedure

+

Introduce as technical requirements into their

own regulation

2/3 majority vote

Unanimous vote

No certification provision

• Comparison of the agreements


EUEU

Certification granted by a contracting party of the 1958 agreement shall be accepted by other sighed contracting party of1958 agreement no further additionalECE certification testing and application.

accepted by other sighed contracting party of1958 agreement no further additionalECE certification testing and application.

ECECert.

ECECert.

ECECert.

ECECert.

ECECert.

ECECert. ECE

Cert.

ECECert.

ECECert.

ECECert.

• Mutual recognition of approvals

Internal discussionInternal discussion

GovernmentIndustry

Organization


Discussion at GRDiscussion at GR

ProposalsComments Feedback

AdoptAdoptVoting at WP29Voting at WP29

Draft

• UN/WP29 activity

Draft

Test and research (Appropriateness)

VerificationVerification


WithTranslation

WithWithTranslationTranslation

In JapaneseIn Japanese

Contents of Japanese regulationContents of Japanese regulation are are replaced by appropriate section of ECE replaced by appropriate section of ECE regulation which is translated.regulation which is translated.

Japanese type approvalJapanese type approval refers refers the the ECE regulation ECE regulation numbernumber..Without

TranslationWithoutWithoutTranslationTranslation

Making and managingimplementing schedule

Much time and human burden are necessary, it may cause of delay.

Much time and human burden are necessary, Much time and human burden are necessary, it may cause of delay.it may cause of delay.

• Implementation of ECE regulations

The Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement agree agree with the elements with the elements for mutual for mutual recognition of a recognition of a whole vehicle whole vehicle certificationcertification

I. Promotion of international harmonization and mutual recognition of approvals under UN/ECE/WP29

II. Studying the issues involved in the future mutual recognition of a whole vehicle certification and development its proposal to UN

III. Identifying the trends of the motor vehicle inspection/maintenance system

IV. JASIC public relations activities

Establish 12 gtrs, New gtrs unified with UN/ECE Regulation

Subject of JASIC activities Goal in FY2015

Study on future MRA

Necessary vehicle information

Necessary vehicle information

Whole vehicle certificationWhole vehicle certificationWhole vehicle certificationNecessary ECE regsNecessary ECE regs

Study on future MRA

EUEU

MRA among contracting partyof the 1958 agreement

•Common information•Common procedure•Common understanding•Common interpretation etc

ECE

ECE ECEECE

ECE

ECEECEECE

• Implementation of ECE regulations

R3, R4, R6, R7, R10, R11, R13H, R14, R16, R17, R19, R21, R23, R25, R26, R28, R30, R34, R37, R38, R39, R43, R44, R45, R46, R48, R51, R64, R77, R79, R83, R85, R89, R91, R94, R95, R98, R99, R100, R101, R112, R116, R117, R119, R121, R123, R125

For M1, 47 ECE regulations

Study on future MRA• Example for necessary ECE regulations for

passenger vehicles.

Vehicle typeVehicle type

CategoryCategory

WeightWeight

DimensionDimension

Application documentsApplication documents

Test conditionTest condition

Unique regulationUnique regulation

Study on future MRA

2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY

Proposal from JAPAN to WP29

Exchanging information between Asian countries on outcome fromthe WP29 at the G/I meeting and the expert meeting

Making clear subjects to be considered by

the WP29 in November

Finding out solution for each subject at the WP29

To Propose basic elements of the whole vehicle

certification system under the 1958 agreement

Discussion on mutual recognition of a whole vehicle certification in G/I meeting

Discussion on mutual recognition of a whole vehicle certification in G/I meeting

Study on future MRA

Thank you for your attention.

httm://www.jasic.org

Noise and Exhaust Emission: Noise and Exhaust Emission: Governmental PolicyGovernmental Policy

Presented byPresented byMr.PanyaMr.Panya WarapetcharayutWarapetcharayut

Director of Automotive Air Pollution SectionDirector of Automotive Air Pollution SectionPollution Control DepartmentPollution Control Department

Ministry of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment

1414thth Asia Expert Meeting on Noise (R41 and R51) and OBDAsia Expert Meeting on Noise (R41 and R51) and OBD

77--88 August 2008, in ThailandAugust 2008, in Thailand

CContentsontents

IntroductionIntroductionVehicle PassVehicle Pass--by Noise Regulation by Noise Regulation in Thailandin ThailandEmission Reduction from New Emission Reduction from New VehicleVehicleEmission Reduction from InEmission Reduction from In--Use Use VehicleVehicleFuel Quality StandardFuel Quality Standard

IntroductionIntroduction

Statistic of Vehicle and Motorcycle in Statistic of Vehicle and Motorcycle in ThailandThailand

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

productsaleexport

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

productsaleexport

Number of Car Number of Car Product, Sale Product, Sale and Exportand Export

Number of Number of Motorcycle Motorcycle Product, Sale Product, Sale and Exportand Export

SourceSource: : Thailand Automotive InstituteThailand Automotive Institute

Number of Vehicle Registered in BangkokNumber of Vehicle Registered in Bangkok

Total Numbers Total Numbers of Vehicles of Vehicles

Registered in Registered in BKK in 2007BKK in 2007

5,715,0785,715,0780.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.019

9219

9319

9419

95

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

No.

of Veh

icle

s (m

illion

s)

Bangkok Air Pollution is Associated with MotorizationBangkok Air Pollution is Associated with Motorization

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mill

ion

Uni

t

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Motorcycle

Car

Van&Pick Up

Truck&bus

O ther

Taxi

Tuk Tuk

3.40%

16.81%

3.42%

63.03%

13.34%

Other

Truck&bus

Van&Pick Up

Car

Motorcycle

No. of Vehicle Registered in Thailand

Composition of vehicles in Thailand (Mar.2005)

THAI

LAND

0

1

2

3

4

5

Mil

lion

Un

it

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Motorcycle

Car

Van&Pick Up

Truck&bus

Taxi

Other

Tuk Tuk

5.35%

16.46%

2.52%

39.57%

36.09%

Other

Truck&bus

Van&Pick Up

Car/Taxi/Tuk Tuk

Motorcycle

No. of Vehicle Registered in BKK

Composition of vehicles in BKK (Mar.2005)

BANGKOK

Motorcycle Sale in Thailand from 1994-2007

0

100

0.70.70.81.76.5

55.8

85.987.082.1

74.4

46.2

30.2

18.4

99.399.399.293.598.3

13.0 14.217.9

25.6

44.2

53.8

69.8

81.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% o

f Mot

orcy

cle

Sale

2 Stroke 4 Stroke

In-Use Motorcycle in Thailand from 1998-2007

33

43

67

5740

35

41

80

948996

6960

6559

31

20

6411

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

% o

f Mot

orcy

cle

Sale

2 Stroke 4 Stroke

Better Air QualityBetter Air Quality

Elements of a ComprehensiveElements of a ComprehensiveControl Strategy for Mobile SourceControl Strategy for Mobile Source

Low Low EmissionsEmissions

Clean Vehicle

Technologies

CleanFuels

Transport &

Land use Planning

Appropriate

Maintenance

Vehicle PassVehicle Pass--by by Noise Regulation in Noise Regulation in

ThailandThailand

8080Max Engine Power > 150 KW

7878Max Engine Power not more than 150KW

M > 3.5tons

7676M < 2 tons

Passenger Car Passenger Car more than more than 99

seatsseats

ECE R51ECE R51--0202

7474All SizesPassenger CarPassenger Car

77772 tons < M < 3.5 tons

8080> 175 CC

777780 < CC < 175 ECEECE 4141--0303

7575not more than 80 CC

MotorcycleMotorcycle

ReferenceReferenceSound Level Sound Level

Limit Limit ((dBAdBA))

CategoryCategory

Noise Level Standard for New vehicleNoise Level Standard for New vehicleAccelerated Running Noise Level Standard

CC CC == engine cylinder capacityengine cylinder capacity

ECE R51ECE R51--0101

8181P P << 7575 kwkw

8484P P >> 150150 kwkw

83837575 kwkw <<P P << 150150kwkw

M M >> 3.53.5tonstons

7676M M << 22 tonstons

Truck and BusesTruck and Buses

ECE R51ECE R51--0202777722 tons tons << M M << 3.53.5 tonstons

ReferenceReferenceSound Level Sound Level Limit Limit ((dBAdBA))CategoryCategory

Noise Level Standard for New vehicleNoise Level Standard for New vehicleNoise Level Standard for New vehicleAccelerated Running Noise Level Standard

M M == Max MassMax Mass,, P P == Max Engine PowerMax Engine Power

Emission Reduction Emission Reduction from New Vehiclefrom New Vehicle

Emission ReductionEmission Reduction from New Vehiclefrom New VehiclePassenger Vehicle (Gasoline Vehicle)Passenger Vehicle (Gasoline Vehicle)

Current Standard : EURO III

Future Standard : EURO IV (Year 2012)

Light Duty Diesel VehicleLight Duty Diesel VehicleCurrent Standard : EURO III

Future Standard : EURO IV (Year 2012)

-0.210.295.22≥1760

-0.180.254.171305<R ≤1760

-0.150.202.30≤13050.15-0.22.3

NOx(g/km)

HC+NOx(g/km)

HC(g/km)

CO(g/km)

RW (kg)NOx(g/km)

HC+NOx(g/km)

HC(g/km)

CO(g/km)

2.5 tons < Maximum Mass ≤ 3.5 tonsMaximum Mass ≤2.5 tons

0.1-0.210.295.22≥1760

0.07-0.180.254.171305<R ≤1760

0.05-0.150.22.30≤13050.050.50.56-0.6

PM (g/km)

NOx(g/km)

HC+NOx(g/km)

HC (g/km)

CO (g/km)

RW (kg)PM (g/km)

NOx(g/km)

HC+NOx(g/km)

HC (g/km)

CO (g/km)

2.5 tons < Maximum Mass ≤ 3.5 tonsMaximum Mass ≤2.5 tons

Emission ReductionEmission Reduction from New Vehiclefrom New Vehicle

2.0(2>Evap≤6)

152.0(1.8)

3.5(3.5)

Evaporative (g/test)

White Smoke (%)

HC+NOx(g/km)

CO (g/km)

0.154.07.01.1

PM(g/kWh)

CO(g/kWh)

NOx(g/kWh)

HC(g/kWh)

Heavy Duty Diesel VehicleHeavy Duty Diesel Vehicle

•• Current Standard : EURO II

•Incoming standard : EURO 3 (Year 2008)

MotorcycleMotorcycle•• Current Standard : TISI Level 5

•Incoming Standard : TISI Level 6 equivalent EURO 3 std. (Year 2008)

Emission Reduction Emission Reduction from Infrom In--Use VehicleUse Vehicle

Emission Reduction from InEmission Reduction from In--Use VehicleUse Vehicle

Idle Test

Idle Test

Idle Test

NDIR

NDIR

NDIR

4.5%

1.5%

0.5%

-Gasoline vehicle registered before Nov. 1,1993

-Gasoline vehicle registered from Nov. 1,1993

-Gasoline vehicle registered from Jan. 1,2007

CO

Idle Test

Idle Test

Idle Test

NDIR

NDIR

NDIR

600 ppm

200 ppm

100 ppm

-Gasoline vehicle registered before Nov. 1,1993

-Gasoline vehicle registered from Nov. 1,1993

-Gasoline vehicle registered from Jan. 1,2007

HC

Snap acceleration on testSnap acceleration on test

Full load testFull load test

FilterOpacityFilter

Opacity

50%45%40%35%

Diesel VehicleBlack Smoke

Test ProcedureTest ProcedureMeasuring Measuring DeviceDevice

StandardStandardType of VehicleType of VehiclePollutantsPollutants

Emission Reduction from InEmission Reduction from In--Use VehicleUse Vehicle

1,000

2,000

10,000

HCHC((ppmppm))

302.5Registered from Jan 1, 09

303.5Registered from Jul 1, 06

304.5Registered before Jul 1, 06

White Smoke (%)White Smoke (%)COCO(%)(%)

MotorcycleMotorcycle

TukTuk TukTuk

10,000

HCHC((ppmppm))

304.5

White Smoke White Smoke (%)(%)

COCO(%)(%)

Fuel Quality StandardFuel Quality Standard

Clean FuelsClean Fuels

Gasoline ReformulationGasoline ReformulationLead ContentLead ContentOxygen ContentOxygen ContentBenzene and Aromatic ContentsBenzene and Aromatic ContentsSulfur ContentSulfur Content

Diesel ReformulationDiesel Reformulation90% Volume Distilled Temperature90% Volume Distilled TemperatureSulfur ContentSulfur Content

Gasoline Reformulation Lead & OxygenGasoline Reformulation Lead & OxygenYear Leaded (g/liter) Oxygen(%)1983 0.841984 0.451990 0.41991 Unleaded Premium Gasoline 5.5-101992 0.151993 Unleaded Regular Gasoline1994 Phase-Out Regular Leaded Gasoline

1996 to Phase-Out Premium Leaded Gasolinepresent

36.4

29.7

25.326.8 26.4

22.9

27.92

0

3.125.94

3.266.25

1.711.58

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

School 1 School 2 School 3 School 4 School 5 School 6 Average

Per

cen

t

1993 20009 999

101010

5.59

4.224.94

6.145.60 6.01 5.42

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

School 1 School 2 School 3 School 4 School 5 School 6 Average

Ave

rage

Blo

od P

b (m

g/dl

) 1993 2000

Phase-Out of Leaded Gasoline in Thailand

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Pb C

onte

nt in

Gas

olin

e (g

/l)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

Ave

rage

Pb

Air

Con

cent

ratio

n (

g/m

3 )

Pb Content in Gasoline Pb Air Concentration

Premium ULG was introduced in 1991

Regular ULG was introduced in 1993

Complete phase out of regular leaded gasoline in 1993

Complete phase out of premium leaded gasoline in 1995

5.46

14.61

12.26

20.27

22.32

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Ave

rag

e B

lood

Pb

(m

g/d

l)

Blood Blood PbPb Levels in School Children in Levels in School Children in Bangkok during 1993 and 2000Bangkok during 1993 and 2000

Percentage of School Children with Percentage of School Children with

Blood Blood PbPb Levels > 10 Levels > 10 μμg/dl g/dl

No DataNo Data

Completely Phase-out Leaded Gasoline at the end of 1995

Blood Blood PbPb Levels in Traffic PolicemenLevels in Traffic Policemenin Bangkok during 1995 in Bangkok during 1995 -- 20002000

PbPb

Gasoline ReformulationGasoline Reformulation

1991

1992

2010 (EURO 4)

0123456

Benz

ene C

onten

t (%) Benzen

e1994

20002004

2007

0102030405060

Arom

atic C

onten

t (%) Aromati

c

Gasoh

ol

1000

500

50

0100200300400500600700800900

10001100

Sulf

ur

Con

ten

t (p

pm)

before 2002 2002 2010

Gasoline

EURO 4

2010 : propose2010 : propose

Sulfur

Gasoh

ol

Gas

olin

eG

asol

ine

Diesel Diesel ReformuReformu

lationlation

10000

5000

2500

500 35050

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

100001100012000

Su

lfu

r C

onte

nt

(ppm

)

before 1993 1993 1996 1999 2004 2010

Diesel Fuel

Sulfur Reduction

EURO 3

EURO 4

Year Sulfur (%) 90% Distilled Temp. (oC)1991 3701992 1 3571993 0.51996 0.251997 330 (Only for BMTA Bus)1999 0.052004 0.035

550000353500

500500 500500

150150

350350

5050 5050 1010 10100

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000Su

lfur C

onte

nt,(

ppm

)

Thailand 2006 EURO2 EURO3 EURO4 EURO5

Gasoline SulfurDiesel Sulfur

Thailand 2012

Sulfur in Fuels Required by Euro Emission StandardsSulfur in Fuels Required by Euro Emission StandardsLow Sulfur Levels Are Key To Tighter New Vehicle StandardsLow Sulfur Levels Are Key To Tighter New Vehicle Standards

Alternative FuelAlternative Fuel

BioBio--diesel Roadmapdiesel Roadmap

9 ML/d

Palm Plantation 10 M-Rai, R&D Palm and Others

05 07 08 09 10 11 1206

0.002 0.15 0.5 0.5 0.86 2.25 4.93

Export

Community Based: Agriculture

Phase I: BMR, South

Phase II: NE, North, Central

Phase III: over country

Biodiesel

Goal: B10 in 2012(8.5 ML/day)

B100, B20 reduce PM for 55% and 18%(National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA)

BioBio--DieselDiesel

Production of B100: Production of B100: 1.29 ML/day1.29 ML/day(Feb, 2008)(Feb, 2008)Consumption of BioConsumption of Bio--Diesel B5: Diesel B5: 7.52 ML/day7.52 ML/dayConsumption of BioConsumption of Bio--Diesel B2: Diesel B2: 45.9 ML/day45.9 ML/day

Gasohol Fuel Road MapGasohol Fuel Road Map

04 07 08 09 10 1105 06

Phase I

MTBE replacement

Phase II

Gasohol Mandate

Ethanol used 1,000,000 L/day

Ethanol used 3,000,000 L/day

Gasohol FuelGasohol Fuel

In year 2008, Using of gasohol E10 In year 2008, Using of gasohol E10 octane 91&95 and gasohol E20 about octane 91&95 and gasohol E20 about 7.42 ML/day.7.42 ML/day.In year 2011; ethanol should be used 3 In year 2011; ethanol should be used 3 ML/day.ML/day.

MTBE in gasoline octane 95 will be MTBE in gasoline octane 95 will be replacement by ethanol 10%by volume.replacement by ethanol 10%by volume.Gasoline octane 91 will mix with ethanol Gasoline octane 91 will mix with ethanol 10%by volume.10%by volume.Gasohol E20Gasohol E20Gasohol E85Gasohol E85

Road Map of NGVRoad Map of NGV

Present StatusPresent Status (April 17, 2008)(April 17, 2008)

1.1. Total Number of NGV in Thailand Total Number of NGV in Thailand 71,014 vehicles71,014 vehicles

Gasoline vehicle 58,860 vehiclesGasoline vehicle 58,860 vehiclesDiesel vehicle 9,417 vehiclesDiesel vehicle 9,417 vehiclesOEM NGV 2,737 vehiclesOEM NGV 2,737 vehicles

2. NGV Refueling Station 185 stations2. NGV Refueling Station 185 stations3. Domestic sales 56 MMCFD 3. Domestic sales 56 MMCFD

(~1,550 tons/day)(~1,550 tons/day)

TargetTarget of NGVof NGV

90,02563,80044,42028,42015,060Value Replacement(Million Baht)

20%15%11%8%4%Fuel Replacement

41729320312962Volume of NGV per year (MMCFD)

725580480420320Cumulative NGV Station

328,000267,800206,615158,92088,265Total (unit)

88,00056,94033,31520,12011,320Heavy Duty Vehicle

235,000210,860173,300138,80076,945Light Duty Vehicle

2012201220112011201020102009200920082008

Within Year 2006, Within Year 2006, the CNG refueling the CNG refueling station will be 160 station will be 160 stations following stations following the highway road the highway road whole of Thailand.whole of Thailand.

Target of increasing CNG refueling Target of increasing CNG refueling stationstation

725725580580480480420420320320Cumulative totalCumulative total

35935918518535351021024444

341341139139252555552020

297297103103252535352020

248248100100252527272020

166166104104212117171212

BangkokBangkok and Vicinityand VicinityCentral Central Northern Northern NortheasternNortheasternSouthernSouthern

2012201220112011201020102009200920082008RegionRegion

ECE R41, R51ECE R41, R51NOISE on motorcycles and passenger carsNOISE on motorcycles and passenger cars

H. OhnoY. ShirahashiK. Tsujimura

JASIC Noise-sub committee


General informationGeneral information

Hideo Ohno

JASIC Noise Subcommittee

ContentsContents1. WP29 and GRB

2. Common Information on R41/R511)1) Vehicle categoriesVehicle categories

2)2) HistoriesHistories

3)3) Application Application

4)4) ApprovalApproval

5)5) MarkingMarking

6)6) COPCOP

7)7) PenaltiesPenalties

The United NationThe United Nation’’s Organizations Organization

Noise

UN

ECE

GRPEGREGRBGRB GRRF GRSPGRSG

• ECE noise regulations are taken care by the group of UN/WP29/GRB.

Light Prolusion&

Energy

Brake &

Running GearGeneral

Safety

Passive

Safety

Inland TRANS Committee

WP29World Forum for Harmonization

of Vehicle Regulations

Object ECE regulations of GRBECE R 9 Noise (Three-Wheeled Vehicles)ECE R 28 Audible Warning DevicesECE R 41 Noise (Motor Cycle)ECE R 51 Noise (Motor Vehicles having at least four wheels)ECE R 59 Replacement Silencing SystemECE R 63 Noise (Moped)ECE R 92 Replacement Silencing System (Motor Cycle)ECE R117 Tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions

Calendar of meeting of GRB for 2008# 47th 19-21 February, 2008# 48th 1-3 Septembery, 2008

<Main Topics>New Test Methods(R41/R51) are being drafted considering the Urban driving conditions

GRB : Working Party on NoiseGRB : Working Party on Noise

Tukutuku ⇒ Ｒ９？？？Modified Muffler ⇒ Ｒ５９

Modified Muffler ⇒ Ｒ９２

ＰａｓｓｅｎｇｅｒＣａｒ ⇒ Ｒ５１

Motor Cycle ⇒ Ｒ41

Object ECE regulations of GRBECE R 9 Noise (Three-Wheeled Vehicles)ECE R 28 Audible Warning DevicesECE R 41 Noise (Motor Cycle)ECE R 51 Noise (Motor Vehicles having at least four wheels)ECE R 59 Replacement Silencing SystemECE R 63 Noise (Moped)ECE R 92 Replacement Silencing System (Motor Cycle)ECE R117 Tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions

Calendar of meeting of GRB for 2008-2009# 48th 1-3 September, 2008# 49th February, 2009<Main Topics>New Test Methods(R41/R51) are being drafted considering the Urban driving conditions.

GRBGRB : : Working Party onWorking Party on NoiseNoise

Revision of R41/51 Revision of R41/51 WP29/GRB discussed on a issue what a reason why sufficient effect in reduction of traffic noise is not shown however noise limit value for new vehicle was reduced.

EU commission also point out this issue in their directive 2007/34/EC, it mentions,

Since the entry into force of Directive 70/157/EEC of6 February 1970, the noise limits for motor vehicleshave been reduced several times, most recently in1995.The last reduction (R41/03,R51/02) did not have the expected effects and subsequent studies have shown that the measurement method no longer reflects the real life driving behavior.It is therefore necessary to introduce a new test cycle and

bring the driving conditions for carrying out the noise test closer into line with real life driving operations. The new test cycle is contained in UN/ECE Regulation No 51, 02 series of amendments (3).

Since the entry into force of Directive 70/157/EEC of6 February 1970, the noise limits for motor vehicleshave been reduced several times, most recently in1995.The last reduction (R41/03,R51/02) did not have the The last reduction (R41/03,R51/02) did not have the expected effects and subsequent studies have shown that expected effects and subsequent studies have shown that the measurement method no longer reflects the real life the measurement method no longer reflects the real life driving behavior.driving behavior.It is therefore necessary to introduce a new test cycle and

bring the driving conditions for carrying out the noise test closer into line with real life driving operations. The new test cycle is contained in UN/ECE Regulation No 51, 02 series of amendments (3).

15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Engine Speed Normalized

Engine

Pow

er Normalized

Typical Driving Behaviour of a Passenger Car Typical Driving Behaviour of a Passenger Car in Urban Trafficin Urban Traffic

Statistical Background for a New Test ProcedureDriving Conditions in Urban Traffic

Wide Open Throttle

2nd gear Current test condition

3rd gear

Given target point depending on power-to-mas ratio of a car

[FINAL DRAFT]ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE

World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)(One-hundred-and-thirty-eighth session, 7-10 March 2006, agenda item 4.2.11.)

PROPOSAL FOR SUPPLEMENT 4 TO THE 02 SERIES OF AMENDMENTS TO REGULATION No. 51(Noise emissions)

Transmitted by the representative of the European Community (EC)

Note: The text reproduced below was prepared by the representative of the EC with a view to introduce anadditional test method for noise of motor vehicles which is intended to reproduce the noise levels generatedby vehicles during normal driving in urban traffic.This document is an alternative proposal to ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2006/4.This document is a working document circulated for discussion and comments. The use of this document for other purposes is the entire responsibility of the user.Documents are also available via the INTERNET: http://www.unece.org/trans/main/welcwp29.htmThe list of Contents,

Annex 3, amended to read:“Annex 3 - Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor vehicles

(Measurement Method A)Insert new Annexes 9 and 10, to read:

"Annex 9 - Vehicle Test Data persuant to Measurement Method BAnnex 10 - Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor vehicles

(Measurement Method B)“






5)5) MarkingMarking

6)6) COPCOP


R41-03 R9R63 R9Applied noise regulation

Max.speed>50kmhMax.speed≤50kmhOther criteria

N.A.Type of body

>50cm3≤50cm3Eng. displacementN.A.Vehicle mass

N.A.Seating capacity

3Symmetrical

L5

3Asymmetrical

L4

2

L3

3

L2

2

L1

No. of wheels

22--1) Vehicle categories1) Vehicle categories

(1) Motorcycles and Tricycles(1) Motorcycles and Tricycles

The CLASSIFICATION OF VEHICLES is specified by the Annex 4.


5 tons < GVM

9<

GVM(*) ≤ 5 tons

9<

R51-02Applied noise regulation

N.A.Vehicle mass

≤9Seating capacity

M3M2

4≤

M1

No. of wheels

(2) Passenger cars(2) Passenger cars：：CATEGORY M - POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES HAVING AT LEAST FOUR WHEELS ANDUSED FOR THE CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS

(*)GVM : Gross Vehicle Mass(*)GVM : Gross Vehicle Mass


3.5 <GVM≤ 12 ton 12 ton<GVM


GVM≤ 3.5 tonVehicle massN.A.Seating capacity

N3N24≤

N1No. of wheels

(3) Trucks(3) Trucks：：CATEGORY N：POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES HAVING AT LEAST FOUR WHEELS AND USED FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS

22--2) Histories2) Histories

+ Over-run(*) provision

+ Transitional provisions

• Classification• Gear choice• Approach speed

83 (<175cc)

80 (80<≤175cc)

77 (≤80)

July 24, 1984

R41-01

+ ISO road surface+ Back ground noise

coefficient+ “E” Marking on silencing

systems• Value calculation• Over-run provision

+ Durability requirement for silencer using fibrous materials

+ Providing stationary noise information on vehicle

• Engine speed of stationary noise test

Updated contents• ; Modified+ ; Added

80 (<175cc)

77 (80<≤175cc)

75 (≤80)

80 (<175cc)

77 (80<≤175cc)

75 (≤80)

86 (<500cc)

85 (350<≤500cc)

83 (175<≤350cc)

80 (80<≤175cc)

78 (≤80)

Limit value

Feb 5 2000Apr. 1, 1994Jun 1, 1980Date of entry into force

R41-03R41-02R41Series

(*)Over-run means the engine speed at the exit of acceleration area exceeding defined value.

(1) R41(1) R41

22--2) History2) History

+ ISO road surface･Test method

-Over-run provision-in case of the category other thanM1and having >225kW engine

･Difference between calibrations on before and after measurements; +/-0.5dB

+ Torelance of approach speed; +/-1km/h+ Environmental condition;

Air temp； 0～40℃

Wind speed < 5m/s


･ Extra value for the limit of off-road vehicles

･ Excluding an external downshift for automatic transmission


[dB(A)]7480

[dB(A)]7784

[dB(A)]8088

Limit value M1

N3 (>150kW)

Apr 18. 2005 Apr 27. 1988 July 15. 1982 Date of entry into force

R51-02R51-01R51-00Series(2) R51(2) R51

REGULATION1. Scope2. Definitions3. Application for approval4. Markings5. Approval6. Specifications7. Modification and extension of the approval of the motorcycle type or the type of exhaust or silencing system(s)8. Conformity of Production9. Penalties for non-conformity of production10. Production definitely discontinued11. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and ofadministrative departments12. Transitional provisionsANNEXESAnnex 1-Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval of production definitely discontinued of a motor cycle type with regard to noise emittedby motor cycles pursuant to Regulation No. 41

Annex 2-Arrangements of approval marksAnnex 3-Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor cyclesAnnex 4-Test track specificationsAnnex 5-Exhaust system (silencer)Annex 6-Maximum limits of sound level (new motor cycles)

Contents of R41Contents of R41

Contents of R51Contents of R51REGULATION1. Scope2. Definitions3. Application for approval4. Markings5. Approval6. Specifications7. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type8. Conformity of Production9. Penalties for non-conformity of production10. Production definitely discontinued11. Transitional provisions12. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and ofadministrative departmentsANNEXESAnnex 1 - Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval orproduction definitely discontinued of a vehicle type with regard to its noise emission pursuant to Regulation No.51 Annex 2 - Arrangements of the approval markAnnex 3 - Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor vehiclesAnnex 4 - Classification of vehiclesAnnex 5 - Exhaust systems containing fibrous materialsAnnex 6 - Compressed air noiseAnnex 7 - Checks on conformity of productionAnnex 8 - Specifications for the test site

Preparation of Vehicle(Fuel, Temperature, Weight, Tire air pressure, Pulsation)

Test Facilities(Test track, Road surface, Instruments)

Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (Purpose, method)

Calibration （R51:0.5dB）

Selection of vehicle(Definition, Experience)

Correction (R41)

Evaluation(Calculation, Deviation)

Measuring condition(Entry speed, Choice of gear ratio)

Setting of instruments

Approval

Marking, Label COP

Application Common item

Individual item

Penalties

R41/R51 Test R41/R51 Test ProceduresProcedures

Overview of presentationsOverview of presentations

22--3) Application for Approval3) Application for Approval

3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to noise shall be submitted by its manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.

3.2. It shall be accompanied by the under mentioned documentsand the following particulars in triplicate:

3.2.1. a description of the vehicle type with regard to the items mentioned in paragraph 2.2. above. The numbers and/or symbols identifying the engine type and the vehicle type shall be specified;

3.2.2. a list of the components, duly identified, constituting the noise reduction system;


3.2.3. a drawing of the assembled noise reduction system and an indication of its position on the vehicle;

3.2.4. detailed drawings of each component to enable it to be easily located and identified, and a specification of the materials used.

3.5. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.

22--3) Application document3) Application document

Annex 1 : Contents to be filled in application documents are defined in a communication form.


General information• Trade name or mark of the vehicle• Vehicle Type• Name and address of vehicle manufacturer• Engine Type• Engine model• Name and address of engine manufacturer

22--3) Application document (cont3) Application document (cont’’d)d)

Vehicle information• Maximum permissible mass• Transmission type• Number of gears• Final drive ratio (For motorcycle)

Engine information• Rated maximum engine power• Kind of engine• Cycles• Cylinder capacity


Equipments information>Exhaust silencer:Manufacturer, Model, Type: in accordance with drawing No.>Intake silencerManufacturer, Model, Type: in accordance with drawing No.>Type and dimensions of tires

Diagrams and plans of>The engine and the noise reduction systemPhotographs>The engine and the noise reduction system>List of components constituting the noise reduction system.

Intake system

Exhaust system

MufflerExhaust noise

Muffler diffusion noise

Intake diffusion noise

Intake suction noise

Noise reduction system of Noise reduction system of ppassenger assenger carcar

2.5.2. Manifolds are not considered components of the noise reduction system.

2.5. "Noise reduction system component" means one of the individual constituent parts whose assembly constitutes the noise reductionsystem. These components are, in particular: the exhaust pipings, the expansion chamber(s), the silencer(s) proper.

Noise reduction system of Noise reduction system of mmotorcycleotorcycle

Exhaust system

Intake system Intake suction noise






Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



22--4) Marking ( R41 / R51 )4) Marking ( R41 / R51 )

4.1. The components of the noise reduction system,

excluding fixing hardware and piping, shall bear:

4.1.1. the trade name or mark of the manufacturer of the noise

reduction system and of its components; and

4.1.2. the manufacturer‘s trade description;

( 4.1.3 , 4.1.4 , 4.1.5 for R41 = see next slide )

4.2. These markings shall be clearly legible and be indelible

even after fitting.4.3. A component may carry several approval numbers if it has been

approved as component of several replacement silencing systems.

22--4) Marking ( only for R41)4) Marking ( only for R41)4.1.3. the approval mark and the ECE approval number according

to annex 2 of the Regulation. The approval number must correspond to the number of the ECE type approval certificate issued for the type of exhaust or silencing system in question.

4.1.4. All original silencers must be bear the 'E' mark followed the identification of the country which granted the component type-approval. This reference must be legible and indelible and also visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.

4.1.5. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems must be marked legibly with the words 'original part' and the make and type references integrated together with the 'E'mark and also the reference of the country of origin.



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



5.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraph 6. and 7. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.

5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved.Its first two digits (at present 02 corresponding to the 02 series of amendments which entered into force on 18 April 1995) shall indicate the series of amendments Incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to the same vehicle type equipped with another type of noise reduction system or to another vehicle type.

5.3. Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal or withdrawal of approval or Of production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1to this Regulation. ( see annex 1 = next slide )

22--5) APPROVAL5) APPROVAL

COMMUNICATIONissued by: Name of administration:........................................................................

concerning:2/APPROVAL GRANTEDAPPROVAL EXTENDEDAPPROVAL REFUSEDAPPROVAL WITHDRAWNPRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUEDof a vehicle type with regard to its noise emission pursuant to ECE Regulation No. 51.

Approval No.: ......................................................................................Extension No.: ....................................................................................

Annex 1Annex 1: : COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

2/; Strike out what does not apply.

5.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:

5.4.1. a circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval2/;

5.4.2. the number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 5.4.1.

5.5. If the vehicle conforms

5.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.5.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed

by the manufacturer.5.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives

examples of arrangements of the approval mark.Let’s see Annex 2

Distinguishing numberDistinguishing number2/1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece,24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, 35-36 (vacant), 37 for Turkey, 38-39 (vacant), 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their

respective ECE symbol),43 for Japan, 44 (vacant), 45 for Australia, 46 for Ukraine and 47 for South Africa.

Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the AgreementConcerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles,Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by theSecretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.

Approval labelApproval label

The above approval mark affixed to a motor cycle shows that the motor cycle type concerned has, with regard to noise,

been approved in the Netherlands (E 4)

pursuant to Regulation No. 41 under

approval number 032439.

The approval number indicates that the approval was granted according to the requirements of Regulation No. 41 as amended by the 03 series of amendments.

Annex 2 :

The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has, with regard to its noise emission, been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation No. 51 under approval No.022439.

The first two digits of the approval number indicate that Regulation No. 51 already included the 02 series of amendments when the approval was granted.


< Question : What does the bellow approval mark mean? >



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



COPCOP :: CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

Basic Concept of COP8.1. Vehicles approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as

to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6. above.

Aim8.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1. are met,

suitable controls of the production shall be carried out (by Manufacturer).

Activity8.3. The holder of the approval shall in particular

8.3.1. ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;

8.3.2. have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type;

8.3.3. ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the administrative service;

8.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics making allowance for variation of an industrial production;

22--6) COP6) COP

Activity8.3.5. ensure that for each type of product at least the tests prescribed

in annex 7 to this Regulation are carried out;

8.3.6. ensure that any sampling or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise to another sampling and another test. All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the conformity of the corresponding production.

Ｓｅｅ annex 7 :CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

22--6) COP6) COP

Annex 7 ( R51 ) :Annex 7 ( R51 ) :CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

1. GeneralThese requirements are consistent with the test to be held to check conformity of production according to paragraphs 8.3.5. and 8.4.3. of this Regulation.

2. Testing procedureThe test site and measuring instruments shall be those as described in annex 3.

3. SamplingOne vehicle has to be chosen. If after the test of paragraph 4.1. the vehicle is not considered to conform to the requirements of thisRegulation, two more vehicles have to be tested.


4. Evaluation of the results4.1. If the sound level of the vehicle tested pursuant to paragraphs 1 and

2 does not exceed by more than 1 dB (A) the limit valueprescribed in paragraph 6.2.2. of this Regulation, for measurement according to paragraph 2.1. above, and in paragraph 3 of annex 6 to this Regulation, for measurement according to paragraph 2.2. above, the vehicle type shall be considered to conform to the requirements of this Regulation.

4.2. If the vehicle tested according to paragraph 4.1. does not satisfy the requirements laid down in that paragraph, two more vehicles of the same type have to be tested pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2.


4.3. If the sound level of the second and/or third vehicle of paragraph 4.2. exceeds by more than 1 dB(A) the limit values prescribed in paragraph 6.2.2. of this Regulation, the vehicle type shall be considered not to conform to the requirements of this Regulation and the manufacturer shall take the necessary measures to re-establish the conformity.

Be careful :Be careful :for R41:In order to test conformity as required above, a sample motorcycle will be taken from the production line of thetype approved pursuant to this Regulation. Production will be regarded as conforming to the provisionsof this Regulation if the sound level measured using the method described in annex 3 does not exceed more than 3 dB(A) the value measured at the time of type-approval,

nor by more than 1 dB(A) the limitslaid down in annex 6 of this Regulation.

8.4. The competent authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control method applicable to each production unit.

8.4.1. In every inspection the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.

8.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer's own verification.

8.4.3. When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.4.2. the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type approval tests.

22--6) COP:6) COP: CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

8.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any test prescribed in this Regulation.

8.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections by the competent authorityshall be one every two years.

If unsatisfactory results are recorded during one of these visits, the competent authority shall ensure that, all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of productionas rapidly as possible.


22--7) Penalties7) Penalties

9. PENALTIES FORNON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.

9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwithso notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

Annex 1: COMMUNICATION




Annex 1: COMMUNICATION Annex 1: COMMUNICATION

2/ Strike out what does not apply.



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



Thank you very muchThank you very muchfor your attentionfor your attention

ECE R41, R51ECE R41, R51NOISE on motorcycles NOISE on motorcycles

and passenger carsand passenger cars




General informationGeneral information

Hideo Ohno

JASIC Noise Subcommittee






5)5) MarkingMarking

6)6) COPCOP


The United NationThe United Nation’’s Organizations Organization

Noise

UN

ECE

GRPEGREGRBGRB GRRF GRSPGRSG

• ECE noise regulations are taken care by the group of UN/WP29/GRB.

Light Prolusion&

Energy

Brake &

Running GearGeneral

Safety

Passive

Safety

Inland TRANS Committee

WP29World Forum for Harmonization

of Vehicle Regulations

Object ECE regulations of GRBECE R 9 Noise (Three-Wheeled Vehicles)ECE R 28 Audible Warning DevicesECE R 41 Noise (Motorcycle)ECE R 51 Noise (Motor Vehicles having at least four wheels)ECE R 59 Replacement Silencing SystemECE R 63 Noise (Moped)ECE R 92 Replacement Silencing System (Motorcycle)ECE R117 Tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions

<Main Topics>New Test Methods(R41/R51) are being drafted considering the Urban driving conditions

GRB : Working Party on NoiseGRB : Working Party on Noise

Revision of R41/51 Revision of R41/51 WP29/GRB discussed on a issue what a reason why sufficient effect in reduction of traffic noise is not shown however noise limit value for new vehicle was reduced.

EU commission also point out this issue in their directive 2007/34/EC, it mentions,

Since the entry into force of Directive 70/157/EEC of6 February 1970, the noise limits for motor vehicleshave been reduced several times, most recently in1995.The last reduction (R51/02) did not have the expectedeffects and subsequent studies have shown that themeasurement method no longer reflects the real life driving behavior.It is therefore necessary to introduce a new test cycle and bring

the driving conditions for carrying out the noise test closer into line with real life driving operations. The new test cycle is contained in UN/ECE Regulation No 51, 02 series of amendments (3).

Since the entry into force of Directive 70/157/EEC of6 February 1970, the noise limits for motor vehicleshave been reduced several times, most recently in1995.The last reduction (R51/02) did not have the expectedThe last reduction (R51/02) did not have the expectedeffects and subsequent studies have shown that theeffects and subsequent studies have shown that themeasurement method no longer reflects the real life measurement method no longer reflects the real life driving behavior.driving behavior.It is therefore necessary to introduce a new test cycle and bring

the driving conditions for carrying out the noise test closer into line with real life driving operations. The new test cycle is contained in UN/ECE Regulation No 51, 02 series of amendments (3).

15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Engine Speed Normalized

Engine

Pow

er Normalized

Typical Driving Behaviour of a Passenger Car Typical Driving Behaviour of a Passenger Car in Urban Trafficin Urban Traffic

Statistical Background for a New Test ProcedureDriving Conditions in Urban Traffic

Wide Open Throttle

2nd gear Current test condition

3rd gear

Given target point depending on power-to-mas ratio of a car

R41-03 R9R63 R9Applied noise regulation

Max.speed>50kmhMax.speed≤50kmhOther criteria

N.A.Type of body

>50cm3≤50cm3Eng. displacementN.A.Vehicle mass

N.A.Seating capacity

3Symmetrical

L5

3Asymmetrical

L4

2

L3

3

L2

2

L1

No. of wheels


(1) Motorcycles and Tricycles(1) Motorcycles and Tricycles


5 tons < GVM

9<

GVM(*) ≤ 5 tons

9<


N.A.Vehicle mass

≤9Seating capacity

M3M2

4≤

M1

No. of wheels

(2) Passenger cars(2) Passenger cars：：CATEGORY M - POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES HAVING AT LEAST FOUR WHEELS ANDUSED FOR THE CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS

(*)GVM : Gross Vehicle Mass(*)GVM : Gross Vehicle Mass


3.5 <GVM≤ 12 ton 12 ton<GVM


GVM≤ 3.5 tonVehicle massN.A.Seating capacity

N3N24≤

N1No. of wheels

(3) Trucks(3) Trucks：：CATEGORY N：POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES HAVING AT LEAST FOUR WHEELS AND USED FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS

22--2) Histories2) Histories

+ Over-run(*) provision

+ Transitional provisions

• Classification• Gear choice• Approach speed

83 (<175cc)

80 (80<≤175cc)

77 (≤80)

July 24, 1984

R41-01

+ ISO road surface+ Back ground noise

coefficient+ “E” Marking on silencing

systems• Value calculation• Over-run provision


+ Providing stationary noise information on vehicle

• Engine speed of stationary noise test


80 (<175cc)

77 (80<≤175cc)

75 (≤80)

80 (<175cc)

77 (80<≤175cc)

75 (≤80)

86 (<500cc)

85 (350<≤500cc)

83 (175<≤350cc)

80 (80<≤175cc)

78 (≤80)

Limit value

Feb 5 2000Apr. 1, 1994Jun 1, 1980Date of entry into force

R41-03R41-02R41Series

(*)Over-run means the engine speed at the exit of acceleration area exceeding defined value.

(1) R41(1) R41

22--2) History2) History

+ ISO road surface･Test method

-Over-run provision-in case of the category other thanM1and having >225kW engine

･Difference between calibrations on before and after measurements; +/-0.5dB

+ Torelance of approach speed; +/-1km/h+ Environmental condition;

Air temp； 0～40℃

Wind speed < 5m/s


･ Extra value for the limit of off-road vehicles

･ Excluding an external downshift for automatic transmission


[dB(A)]7480

[dB(A)]7784

[dB(A)]8088

Limit value M1

N3 (>150kW)

Apr 18. 2005 Apr 27. 1988 July 15. 1982 Date of entry into force

R51-02R51-01R51-00Series(2) R51(2) R51

REGULATION1. Scope2. Definitions3. Application for approval4. Markings5. Approval6. Specifications7. Modification and extension of the approval of the motorcycle type or the type of exhaust or silencing system(s)8. Conformity of Production9. Penalties for non-conformity of production10. Production definitely discontinued11. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and ofadministrative departments12. Transitional provisionsANNEXESAnnex 1-Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval of production definitely discontinued of a motor cycle type with regard to noise emittedby motor cycles pursuant to Regulation No. 41

Annex 2-Arrangements of approval marksAnnex 3-Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor cyclesAnnex 4-Test track specificationsAnnex 5-Exhaust system (silencer)Annex 6-Maximum limits of sound level (new motor cycles)

Contents of R41Contents of R41

Contents of R51Contents of R51REGULATION1. Scope2. Definitions3. Application for approval4. Markings5. Approval6. Specifications7. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type8. Conformity of Production9. Penalties for non-conformity of production10. Production definitely discontinued11. Transitional provisions12. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and ofadministrative departmentsANNEXESAnnex 1 - Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval orproduction definitely discontinued of a vehicle type with regard to its noise emission pursuant to Regulation No.51 Annex 2 - Arrangements of the approval markAnnex 3 - Methods and instruments for measuring the noise made by motor vehiclesAnnex 4 - Classification of vehiclesAnnex 5 - Exhaust systems containing fibrous materialsAnnex 6 - Compressed air noiseAnnex 7 - Checks on conformity of productionAnnex 8 - Specifications for the test site



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties




3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to noise shall be submitted by its manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.

3.2. It shall be accompanied by the under mentioned documentsand the following particulars in triplicate:

3.2.1. a description of the vehicle type with regard to the items mentioned in paragraph 2.2. above. The numbers and/or symbols identifying the engine type and the vehicle type shall be specified;

3.2.2. a list of the components, duly identified,constituting the noise reduction system;


3.2.3. a drawing of the assembled noise reduction system and an indication of its position on the vehicle;

3.2.4. detailed drawings of each component to enable it to be easily located and identified, and a specification of the materials used.

3.5. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type approval is granted.


Annex 1 : Contents to be filled in application documents are defined in a communication form.


General information• Trade name or mark of the vehicle• Vehicle Type• Name and address of vehicle manufacturer• Engine Type• Engine model• Name and address of engine manufacturer


Vehicle information• Maximum permissible mass• Transmission type• Number of gears• Final drive ratio (For motorcycle)

Engine information• Rated maximum engine power• Kind of engine• Cycles• Cylinder capacity


Equipments information>Exhaust silencer:Manufacturer, Model, Type: in accordance with drawing No.>Intake silencerManufacturer, Model, Type: in accordance with drawing No.>Type and dimensions of tires

Diagrams and plans of>The engine and the noise reduction systemPhotographs>The engine and the noise reduction system>List of components constituting the noise reduction system.

Intake system

Exhaust system




Intake suction noise

Noise reduction system of Noise reduction system of ppassenger assenger carcar

2.5.2. Manifolds are not considered components of the noise reduction system.

2.5. "Noise reduction system component" means one of the individual constituent parts whose assembly constitutes the noise reductionsystem. These components are, in particular: the exhaust pipings, the expansion chamber(s), the silencer(s) proper.

Noise reduction system of Noise reduction system of mmotorcycleotorcycle

Exhaust system

Intake system Intake suction noise






Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



22--4) Marking ( R41 / R51 )4) Marking ( R41 / R51 )

4.1. The components of the noise reduction system,

excluding fixing hardware and piping, shall bear:

4.1.1. the trade name or mark of the manufacturer of the noise

reduction system and of its components; and

4.1.2. the manufacturer's trade description;

( 4.1.3 , 4.1.4 , 4.1.5 for R41 = see next slide )

4.2. These markings shall be clearly legible and be indelible

even after fitting.4.3. A component may carry several approval numbers if it has been

approved as component of several replacement silencing systems.

22--4) Marking ( only for R41)4) Marking ( only for R41)4.1.3. the approval mark and the ECE approval number according

to annex 2 of the Regulation. The approval number must correspond to the number of the ECE type approval certificate issued for the type of exhaust or silencing system in question.

4.1.4. All original silencers must be bear the 'E' mark followed the identification of the country which granted the component type-approval. This reference must be legible and indelible and also visible in the position at which it is to be fitted.

4.1.5. Any packing of original replacement silencer systems must be marked legibly with the words 'original part' and the make and type references integrated together with the 'E'mark and also the reference of the country of origin.



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



5.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation meets the requirements of paragraph 6. and 7. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.

5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved.Its first two digits (at present 02 corresponding to the 02 series of amendments which entered into force on 18 April 1995) shall indicate the series of amendments Incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to the same vehicle type equipped with another type of noise reduction system or to another vehicle type.

5.3. Notice of approval or of extension or of refusal or withdrawal of approval or Of production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 1to this Regulation. ( see annex 1 = next slide )

22--5) APPROVAL5) APPROVAL



Approval No.: ........ＸＸＸＸＸＸＸ......................................................Extension No.: ....................................................................................

Annex 1Annex 1: : COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

2/; Strike out what does not apply.

5.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation an international approval markconsisting of:

5.4.1. a circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by thedistinguishing number of the country which has granted approval2/;

5.4.2. the number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 5.4.1.

5.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.5.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed

by the manufacturer.5.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives

examples of arrangements of the approval mark.Let’s see Annex 2

Distinguishing numberDistinguishing number2/1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece,24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, 35-36 (vacant), 37 for Turkey, 38-39 (vacant), 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their

respective ECE symbol),43 for Japan, 44 (vacant), 45 for Australia, 46 for Ukraine and 47 for South Africa.

Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement

Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles,Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by theSecretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.


The above approval mark affixed to a motor cycle shows that the motor cycle type concerned has, with regard to noise,

been approved in the Netherlands (E 4)

pursuant to Regulation No. 41 under

approval number 032439.

The approval number indicates that the approval was granted according to the requirements of Regulation No. 41 as amended by the 03 series of amendments.

Annex 2 :

The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has, with regard to its noise emission, been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation No. 51 under approval No.022439.

The first two digits of the approval number indicate that Regulation No. 51 already included the 02 series of amendments when the approval was granted.


< Question : What does the bellow approval mark mean? >



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties



COPCOP :: CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

Basic Concept of COP8.1. Vehicles approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as

to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6. above.

Aim8.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 8.1. are met,

suitable controls of the production shall be carried out (by Manufacturer).

Activity8.3. The holder of the approval shall in particular

8.3.1. ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of products;

8.3.2. have access to the control equipment necessary for checking the conformity of each approved type;

8.3.3. ensure that data of test results are recorded and that annexed documents shall remain available for a period to be determined in accordance with the administrative service;

8.3.4. analyze the results of each type of test, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics making allowance for variation of an industrial production;

22--6) COP6) COP

Activity8.3.5. ensure that for each type of product at least the tests prescribed

in annex 7 to this Regulation are carried out;

8.3.6. ensure that any sampling or test pieces giving evidence of non-conformity with the type of test considered shall give rise

to another sampling and another test.All the necessary steps shall be taken to re-establish the

conformity of the corresponding production.

Ｌｅｔ‘ｓ see annex 7 :

CHECKS ON CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

22--6) COP6) COP


1. GeneralThese requirements are consistent with the test to be held to check conformity of production according to paragraphs 8.3.5. and 8.4.3.of this Regulation.

2. Testing procedureThe test site and measuring instruments shall be those as described in annex 3.

3. SamplingOne vehicle has to be chosen. If after the test of paragraph 4.1. the vehicle is not considered to conform to the requirements of this Regulation, two more vehicles have to be tested.


4. Evaluation of the results4.1. If the sound level of the vehicle tested pursuant to paragraphs 1

and 2 does not exceed by more than 1 dB (A) the limit value prescribed in paragraph 6.2.2. of this Regulation, for measurement according to paragraph 2.1. above, and in paragraph 3 of annex 6 to this Regulation, for measurement according to paragraph 2.2. above, the vehicle type shall be considered to conform to the requirements of this Regulation.

4.2. If the vehicle tested according to paragraph 4.1. does not satisfythe requirements laid down in that paragraph, two more vehicles of the same type have to be tested pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2.


4.3. If the sound level of the second and/or third vehicle of paragraph 4.2. exceeds by more than 1 dB(A) the limit values prescribed in paragraph 6.2.2. of this Regulation, the vehicle type shall be considered not to conform to the requirements of this Regulation and the manufacturer shall take the necessary measures to re-establish the conformity.

Be carefulBe careful ::

for R41:In order to test conformity as required above, a sample motorcycle will be taken from the production line of thetype approved pursuant to this Regulation. Production will be regarded as conforming to the provisionsof this Regulation if the sound level measured using the method described in annex 3

does not exceed more than 3 dB(A) the value measured at the time of type-approval, nor by more than 1 dB(A) the limitslaid down in annex 6 of this Regulation.

8.4. The competent authority which has granted type-approval may at any time verify the conformity control method applicable to each production unit.

8.4.1. In every inspection the test books and production survey records shall be presented to the visiting inspector.

8.4.2. The inspector may take samples at random which will be tested in the manufacturer's laboratory. The minimum number of samples may be determined according to the results of the manufacturer's own verification.

8.4.3. When the quality level appears unsatisfactory or when it seems necessary to verify the validity of the tests carried out in application of paragraph 8.4.2. the inspector shall select samples to be sent to the technical service which has conducted the type approval tests.


8.4.4. The competent authority may carry out any testprescribed in this Regulation.

8.4.5. The normal frequency of inspections by the competent authorityshall be one every two years. If unsatisfactory results are recorded during one of these visits,

the competent authority shall ensure that, all necessary steps are taken to re-establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.


22--7) Penalties7) Penalties

9. PENALTIES FORNON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION

9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.

9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwithso notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

Annex 1: COMMUNICATION




Annex 1: COMMUNICATION Annex 1: COMMUNICATION

2/ Strike out what does not apply.



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval (Annex 1)

Marking, Label (Annex 2) COP (Annex 7)

Application (Annex 1)Common item

Individual item

Penalties (Annex 1)

R41/R51 Test R41/R51 Test Procedures Procedures

((Annex 3,5,8Annex 3,5,8))




Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP

ApplicationCommon item

Individual item

Penalties


R41 test procedure

Test proceduresTest procedures

Methods of measurementThe noise submitted for approval shall be measured by the two methods

The motorcycle in motionThe motorcycle in motionThe motorcycle when stationaryThe motorcycle when stationary

The two values measured shall be entered in the test report and on a form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regulation.





We call as

Acceleration noise (test)Acceleration noise (test)

Purpose of noise from vehicle in motionPurpose of noise from vehicle in motion

• Aim of noise measurements of the vehicle in motion are for granting the ECE type approval for motorcycles.


Vehicle in motion (Sample)





We call as

Stationary noise (test)Stationary noise (test)

Purpose of stationary noise Purpose of stationary noise Aim of stationary noise test is mentioned in UN/ECE /WP29 RE3.

1.5.1.2. Methods of measuring the sound level.

….. The test on the vehicle when stationary may usefully be taken as a reference value by technical services wishing to use this method to check vehicles in service.

……..1.5.2.2. In view of the tolerances of measuring instruments, the disturbances that may occur at the time of

measurement and the scatter of measurements for vehicles of the same type, it will TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1 be necessary to allow for a margin of 5 dB(A) in comparison with the corresponding value recorded at the time of the type approval.

in use noise enforcement in national regulation level. It may be used with at least 5dB for margin.

PurposePurpose

• Example of enforcement using relative values.

Type approval

80dB / 4000rpm

Vehicle in use

If regulation accepts stationary noise with 5dB of a margin to the type approval value.

ABC Motor Co.,LTDNoise : 80dB / 4000rpm

See paragraph 6.1.3

Value ≤85dB

AcceptedAccepted

Value >85dB

FailedFailed


Vehicle in stationary (Sample)


R41 for Motorcycles

Acceleration noise

Stationary noise



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Test facilitiesTest facilities

• Test trackThe acceleration section shall be level (From AA’ to BB’)Surface shall be dry.

ISO 10844 Road surface

R=50

Minimum area covered with test road surface. i.e. test area

10

7.5

7.5

10101010

10

Microphone [ height 1.2m]

Centerline of travel

NOTE --- There shall be no large acoustically reflective objects within this radius.

Area of R=50m;

No large objects which reflect sound


• Road surfaceTest area shall be covered with surface specified by ISO 10844:1994 Acoustics -- Specification of test tracks for the purpose of measuring noise emitted by road vehicles.

0 50mm

ISO surface

(maximum chipping size 8mm)

Dense asphalt concrete



• InstrumentsMinimum necessary instruments are;

For sound measurement

Two sets of microphones and sound level meters are used for measurement of sound emitted from moving vehicle from right and left side

For vehicle speed measurement

Two sets of sensors and indicators are used for vehicle speed measurement at entrance and exit point of test areaPhototubePhototubeRader/LaserRader/Laser

Tape switchTape switch


• Sound measurementLocation of the instruments shall be as figure.

Requirement of sound meter.- According to IEC standards.- "FAST" response- "A" weightingMaximum sound level during acceleration shall be Measured. (e.g. Using peak hold or using a level recorder)


• Vehicle speed measurementLocation of instruments is not mentioned in R41.This figure shows location based on actual usage.

Exit vehicle speed at soundmeasurement is not compulsory.

For confirmation of provisionwith regard to gear selection.

Accuracy of vehicle speed measurement: +/- 3%

(L; Vehicle length)



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Selection of vehicleSelection of vehicle

• Definitions1. Type of motorcycle as regards its sound level and

exhaust system:Type of engine

– Engine cycle (two-stroke or four-stroke)– Reciprocating piston engine or rotary-piston engine– number and capacity of cylinders– number and type of carburetors or injection systems– arrangement of valves– Net maximum power and corresponding speed : (S)

Transmission systems– Number and ratios of gears

Exhaust or silencing systems– Number, type and arrangement of exhaust system (s)


2. Exhaust or silencing system(s)– Factory or trade marks– Materials of different– Different shape or size– Operating principles – Different combinations.

3. Exhaust or silencing system (s) component– Exhaust pipe work,– Silencer proper– Intake system (air filter) if any.


Item

Each typeNumber and ratios of gearsTransmission

Type(See definition)

Engine

Other part

Vehicle mass

Gear ratio

Exhaust or Silencing

Curb mass

Number, type andarrangement

No need to be considered for vehicle selection

Not related with noise (i.e. Brakes, Lamps, Name of tire etc.)

Lowest (Selection of the worst case)

Transmission Gear ratio, reduction gear ratio and tire diameter

Variation to be testedContents


New type approval

N/A

Same as type BWith differentManufacture’s tire.

DD

Fuel injection6 M/TABS200kg

Fuel injection6 M/T195kg

Carburetor5 M/T190kg

Specification

TAA

O

T

CC

BB

Vehicle type

Extension type approval

N/ACarburetor5 M/T190kg

Modification of Brakesystem

AA’’

SpecificationVehicle type

T: TestedO: Omitted

T

Fuel injection6 M/T192kg

Modification of lighting devices

BB’’

SpecificationVehicle type



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Preparation of vehiclePreparation of vehicle

Motorcycle shall be in running order, including- Coolant - Oils - Fuel - Tool- Spare wheel - a Rider

Motorcycle engine shall be brought to the normal operating temperature.

Fans with an automatic actuating mechanism shall not be interfered with the sound measurements.

More than one driven wheel, only the drive provided for normal road operation may be used.

Sidecar must be removed.


Motorcycle equip exhaust silencer with fibrous absorbent material.Before the system is tested in accordance with Annex 3, it must be put into a normal state for road use by one of the following condition methods:

• CONDITIONING BY CONTINUOUS ROAD OPERATION4000 ~ 8000km running

• CONDITIONING ON A TEST BENCH6 ~ 12 cycles *Conditioning cycle ; 2.5hours, consisted from 6 phases

• CONDITIONING BY PULSATIONSimulate normal state for road use increasing and release exhaust back pressure for 2500 times.

To simulate damage of fibrous absorbent material in actual usage on road.


•CONDITIONING BY PULSATION

Exhaust outlet of the vehicle set on the test bench shall be connected to the inlet of test equipment without any leakage.

Test bench

Pressure gaugeReservoir tank

Pressure switch

Valve


•CONDITIONING BY PULSATIONVehicle set on the test bench should beoperated under following engine speed and Engine load entire conditioning.

Engine speed must be 75 % of S(*).

The power indicated by the dynamometer must be 50 per cent of the full-throttle power measured at 75% of S.

S75% of S

Engine speed

Engi

ne p

ower

Engine powerat full load

50% of Full load

(*)S ; The engine speed at which the engine develops maximum power


•CONDITIONING BY PULSATION

Back pressure should reach to 0.35 ~ 0.40 bar (or 90% of maximum (100%=Engine stop)) with closing and opening the valve.

This cycle should be repeated 2500 times. All of the conditioning cycle shall finish within 48 hours.

2500cycle

Within 48hr

0.40bar0.35bar

Valve OpenClose

Exh. back pressure

Time

Pressure



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


CalibrationCalibration

• At the beginning and end of each series of measurementsthe sound level meter shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, using an appropriate sound source (e.g. piston phone).



Miscellaneous

Calibration




Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

Measurements shall not be made in poor atmospheric conditions. It shall be ensured that the results are not affected by gusts of wind.

Ambient noise shall be at least 10 dB(A) below the sound levelproduced by the motorcycle.

If the difference between the ambientNoise and the measured noise is Between 10 and 16 dB(A),in order to calculate the test resultsthe appropriate correction shall be subtracted from the readings on the sound-level meter, as in the following graph:



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)



Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


TestTest

C' C

A

A'

B

B'

Constant speed at specified

vehicle speedusing specified

gear ratio

ApproachEntry

Fully openingthrottle when

the front end of vehicle reaches

line A-A’

Exit

Fully closingthrottle when the rear endof vehicle

reaches line B-B’

Acceleration

KeepingAcceleration with

fully openingthrottle operation

The maximum sound level in dB(A) shall be measured as the motorcycle travels between lines AA’ and BB’



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)



Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Measuring conditionsMeasuring conditionsfor manually operated transmissionfor manually operated transmission

•Approach speed

(i) 50 km/hor

(ii) speed corresponding to an engine speed equal to

75 % of S

The lower of these speeds shall be selected.

•Choice of gear ratio

2nd and 3rd

The result used must be the average of the two tests.

3rd

2nd

≤ 175 cm3

175cm3<

5 or more4 or less

Total number of gear ratioEngineCylinder capacity

If, during the test carried out in 2nd gear, the engine speed at the end of the test track exceeds 100% of S, the test must be carried out in 3rd gear and the sound level measured shall be the only one recorded as the test result.

This is cold as

“Over-run”.

How to check OverHow to check Over--runrun

Vehicle speed at BB’+L > over-run vehicle speed

Engine speed shall be checked, If engine speed measurement is not available, the following equation should be used.

over-run vehicle speed =(rated engine speed (rpm)) X πX (tire diameter)

60 X (gear ratio) X (Reduction ratio)

B

B’

L

If engine speed when the rear end of the vehicle reaches to BB’

at the acceleration noise testusing 2nd gear exceeds S,

3rd gear may be used instead of 2nd gear.

Measuring conditionsMeasuring conditionsfor automatic transmission (w/o selector)for automatic transmission (w/o selector)

•Approach speed

30, 40 km/h and

50 km/h or 75 % of S(if that speed is lower)

The condition giving the highest sound level is chosen.

•Choice of gear ratio

N/A

Measuring conditionsMeasuring conditionsfor automatic transmission (with selector)for automatic transmission (with selector)

• Approach speedless than 50 km/h, the engine speed equal to 75 % of S

or50 km/h, the engine speed less than 75 % of S

If, in the test at a steady speed of 50 km/h, the gears change down to first, the approach speed may be increased to a maximum of 60 km/h to avoid the change down.

• Choice of gear ratioIf the motorcycle is equipped with a manual selector with X forward drive positions,

the test shall be carried out with the selector in the highest position; the voluntary device for changing down (e.g. kick down) shall not be used.

If an automatic change down takes place after line AA’, the test shall be begun again using the second highest position or the third highest position if necessary, in order to find the highest position of the selector at which the test can be performed without an automatic change down (without using the kick down).



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)



Correction (R41)




Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Nature and number of measurementsNature and number of measurements

Start

2 measurementson each side

Variation of two consecutive tests2dB or less

Rounded off to the nearest decibel

Addition ofmeasurement

Deduction of 1dBfrom each measurement

Average of the four results

Result of the tests Limit value

•At least two measurements shall be taken on each side of the motorcycle.•RoundingReadings shall be rounded off to the nearest decibel.•Variation of valuevariation in two consecutive tests on thesame side is less than or equal to 2 dB(A)•To take account of inaccuraciesThe result of each measurement shall be deducted 1 dB(A) from the rounded value.•If the average of the four results of the measurements will constitute the result of the test.

YESYES

NONO

JudgmentJudgment

Test results (Example, Test results (Example, ≤≤175cm175cm33, 5gears), 5gears)

C' C

A

A'

B

B'

76.275.9

L

L

R

R

3rd gear

4th3rd2nd

2nd gear

1st Result LimitMeasurement

Making a Judgment of Over-run

76

76

78.575.4

76.275.9

76.575.4

79

75

76

76

77

75

X

Corresponding vehicle speed to S : 55.0km/hMeasured vehicle speed at B-B’ : 55.6km/h

33rdrd gear shall be used instead of 2gear shall be used instead of 2ndnd

N/A

76

80

ComplyComply


R41 for Motorcycles

Acceleration noise

Stationary noise

Preparation of Vehicle

Test Facilities(Test area, Instruments)

Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)

Calibration ）

Selection of vehicle

Evaluation(Calculation)

Measuring condition(Engine speed)


Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Test facilityTest facility•Test areaNo significant acoustic disturbances may be used. Flat surfaces covered with concrete, asphalt or some other hard materialTest site must be in the form of a rectangle whose sides are at least 3 m from the outer edge of the motorcycle (handlebars excluded). There shall be no significant obstacles, e.g. no persons other than the rider and the observer may stand within this rectangle.


• Instruments

For sound measurementA precision sound-level meter shall be used. (refer to IEC standard)• “A” weighting• “FAST” response• Peak hold

For engine speed measurement

Engine tachometer

Accuracy +/-3%



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)

Calibration ）





Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Vehicle preparationVehicle preparation• Condition of the motorcycleThe motorcycle engine shall be brought to the normal operating temperature.

Fans with an automatic actuating mechanism, this system shall not be interfered with during the sound measurements.

During the measurements the gearbox shall be in neutral gear.If it is impossible to disconnect the transmission, the drivingwheel of the motorcycle shall be allowed to rotate freely, forexample by placing the vehicle on its centre stand.



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)

Calibration ）





Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Selection of vehicle / CalibrationSelection of vehicle / Calibration

• Same as its for measurement of vehicle in motion.



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)

Calibration ）





Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


OperationOperation

Operating conditionsThe engine speed shall be held steady at one of the following values:

S is more than 5000 rpm ½½*S*SS is not more than 5000 rpm ¾¾*S*S

When a constant engine speed is reached, the throttle shall be returned swiftly to the idle position.

Setting of microphoneSetting of microphone

Microphone setting• Height

Same as exhaust outlet or 0.2m above ground, which is lower.• Distance from exhaust outlet

0.5m from exhaust outlet.• Angle to exhaust outlet

45 +/- 10۫ to the exhaust outlet.

45+/-10°

45+/-10° 45+/-10°

Setting of microphoneSetting of microphone

In case that the exhaust system has more than one outlet at centers less than 0.3 m apart.The microphone shall be faced towards the outlet which is nearest the motorcycle(handlebars excluded) or towards the outlet which is highest above the surface of the track.

If the centers of the outlets are more than 0.3 m apart.Separate measurements shall be taken for each of them. The highest figure recorded being taken as the test value.

Dist.<0.3m

Nearest to motorcycleor Highest from ground

Dist.>0.3m

Each of them



Miscellaneous

Calibration

Test (method)

Calibration ）





Approval

Marking, Label COP


Individual item

Penalties


Sound value, EvaluationSound value, EvaluationThe sound level shall be measured during an operating cycle consisting of a brief period of constant engine speed and throughout the deceleration period, the maximum sound-levelmeter reading being taken as the test value.

• RoundingValues shall be rounded off to the nearest decibel(Same as Acceleration noise test)

•VariationValue shall not vary by no more than 2 dB(A)

•Number of measurementThree consecutive tests will be carried out.

•Final valueThe highest value of the three measurements.

•JudgmentThere is no limit value due to reference value.

Sound value, Evaluation (Sample)Sound value, Evaluation (Sample)

Noise level (dB(A))

4th3rd2nd1st Result LimitMeasurement

Spec. Max Power ; 50kW / 7000min-1

Measuring condition ; 3500min-1

Time

Eng

ine

spee

dN

oise

leve

l

3500

Idle

Max.Level

91

91.2 87.2 87.0 87.6

87 87 88 88 No(Reference)

Thank you for attentionThank you for attention

www.jasic.org

Test procedure for vehicles having at Test procedure for vehicles having at least four wheelsleast four wheels

R51R51

Preparation of Vehicle(Fuel, Temperature, Weight,Tire air pressure, Pulsation)

Facilities(Test track, Road surface, Instruments)

Measurement of background noise

Calibration before measurement


Calibration after measurement（R51:0.5dB）


Correction (R41)


Measurement condition(Entry speed, Choice of gear ratio)


Approval

Marking, Label COP

Application

Common

Different

Penalties

Overview of R51 Test Procedure

Annex3,5,6,8

From A-A' or B-B' 10m

H=1.2+/-0.1m

C' C

A

A'

B

B'

1m 1m1m 1m

2m

From line C-C'7.5+/-0.2m

L

Test facilities & instrumentsTest facilities & instrumentsR51 requires same specification as R41 for test site and instruments except for an accuracy of the engine speed and the vehicle speed. They shall be measured with instruments with an accuracy of +/- 2% or better.

Requirement of sound meter.- According to IEC standards.- "FAST" response- "A" weightingMaximum sound level during acceleration shall be Measured. (e.g. Using peak hold or using a level recorder)

ISO10844 road surface

Accuracy of vehicle speed measurement : +/- 2%(Note: +/-3% in R41)


No need to be considered for vehicle selection

Not related with noise (i.e. Brakes, Lamps, Name of tire etc.) Other parts

Lowest (Worst case)

Transmission Gear ratio, reduction gear ratio, and tire diameter

Gear ratio

Item

Each typeType and number of gearsTransmissionType of engine (See next slide)Engine

Vehicle mass

Noise reduction system

Unladen mass, curb mass

Exhaust/ intake system etc.(See next slide)

Selected test vehicleContents

Refer to 2.2, 2.3, 2.4.


1. Type of engine– positive or compression ignition– two-stroke or four-stroke– piston engine or rotary-piston engine– number and capacity of cylinders– number and type of carburetors or injection systems– arrangement of valves– rated maximum power and corresponding engine speed– type of electric motor

Refer to 2.2.3


2. Noise reduction system(s)– trade names or marks– the characteristics of the materials constituting a component,

shape or size –Operating principles – the number of the intake and/or exhaust silencers

3. Noise reduction system (s) component– the exhaust pipings, the expansion chamber(s), the silencer(s)–The air filter is considered as a component only if its

presence is essential to ensure observance of the prescribed sound-level limits

–Manifolds are not considered components of the noise reduction system.

Refer to 2.4, 2.5,

PreparationPreparation of test vehiclesof test vehicles

Unladen + 75kg without trailer( or curb mass + 75dg)

Vehicle massMeasurements shall be made on unladen vehicles and, except in the case of nonseparable vehicles, without trailer or semi-trailer.

TireThe tyres used for the test are selected by the vehicle manufacturer; they shall correspond to one of the tyre sizes designated for the vehicle by the vehicle manufacturer.The tyres must be inflated to the pressure(s) appropriate to the test mass of the vehicle.

Exhaust system

If the vehicle is equipped with an exhaust system containing fibrous materials, the exhaust system is to be conditioned before the test according to annex 5.

Refer to 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.6

• The vehicle shall be brought to its normal operatingconditions - temperatures etc.

• If the vehicle is fitted with more than two-wheel drive, it shall be tested in the drive which is intended for normal road use.

PreparationPreparation of test vehiclesof test vehicles

Before the measurements

Refer to 2.2.3, 2.2.4,

Preparation of Vehicle(Fuel, Temperature, Weight,Tire air pressure, Pulsation)

Facilities(Test track, Road surface, Instruments)

Measurement of background noise

Calibration before measurement


Calibration after measurement（R51:0.5dB）


Correction (R41)


Measurement condition(Entry speed, Choice of gear ratio)


Approval

Marking, Label COP

Application

Common

Different

Penalties

Annex3,5,6,8

Overview of R51 Test Procedure

TestTest Methods in R51Methods in R51

(1) The vehicles fitted with a gear box having more than four forward gears and equipped with an engine developing a maximum power greater than 140 kW and having a maximum-power/maximum mass ratio greater than 75 kW/t, and the speed at which the rear of the vehicle passes the line BB' in third gear is greater than 61 km.

(2) For the vehicles having a maximum permissible mass exceeding 2,800 kg and having compressed air brake. This method was introduced in R51/02.

(From R51/02)

MT AT Proximityexhaust noise

Compressedair noise

Method 1 Method 2High performance(1) Method 1'

N1 Method 1 Method 2M2,M3N2,N3

CategoriesStationaryAcceleration (in motion)

Method 2Method 5(2)

Method 3

M1

Method 4

FlowFlow of test procedureof test procedure

Calibration before measurementsStart test

End test

Difference < 0.5dB

Difference > 10dB

Record results

Difference between measure-ment and background noise

Difference between before and after measurements

Check background noise

Measurements

Calibration after measurementsYes

No

No

Yes

Direction of travel

P

P'

10m10m

7.5m

7.5m

：Microphone

B

B'

A

A'

End of Acceleration at BB’

Start of Accelerationat AA’

Approach Speed ： The lower of 50km/h or 3/4S (or 1/2S)

Gear Position ：・ M/T ： depending on category・Ａ/T ： D range

Test Method for Acceleration Noise (ECE R51)

The vehicle shall approach the line AA' at a steady speed with a tolerance +/- 1km/h; except where the controlling factor is engine speed the tolerance shall be the larger of +/-2%or +/- 50min-1

Common procedures


Vehicle in motion (Sample)

Approach speed VA = 50 km/h or NA = 3/4 Swhichever is the lower vehicle speed

Gear position• Vehicles fitted with a gearbox having four or less forward gears shall be

tested in second gear.• Vehicles fitted with a gearbox having more than four forward gears shall

be tested successively in second and third gear.

• If during the test in second gear, the engine speed exceeds the engine speed, S, at which the engine develops its rated maximum power, the testmust be repeated with an approach speed and/or approach engine speed reduced by steps of 5%S, until the engine speed attained no longer exceeds S.

• If the engine speed S is still attained with an approach speed corresponding to the idle speed, then the test will be performed only in third gear.

Manual transmissions

Refer to 3.1.2.3.1, 3.1.2.3.2.1., 3.1.2.3.2.2.

Checking ‘overrun’ is

needed.

Test procedure for Test procedure for M1M1 and N1and N1MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3

CategoriesAcceleration

M1

3 2

How to check OverrunHow to check Overrun

Vehicle speed at BB’+L > over-run vehicle speed

Engine speed shall be checked, If engine speed measurement is not available, the following equation should be used.

Overrun vehicle speed =(rated engine speed (rpm)) X π X (tire diameter)

60 X (gear ratio) X (reduction ratio)

B

B’

L

If engine speed exceeds S when the rear end of the vehicle reaches to BB’, have to consider VA and gear position.

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

Test procedure for Test procedure for M1M1 and N1and N1

The vehicles of category M1 having more than four forward gears and equipped with an engine developing a maximum-power greater than 140 kW and a permissible maximum-power/maximum-weight ratio greater than 75 kW/t shall be tested only in third gear, provided that the speed at which the rear of the vehicle passes the line BB' in third gear is greater than 61 km/h.

High performance vehicles with manual transmission

Refer to 3.1.2.3.2.2.

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2


Gear position• Position of the manual selector

The test shall be conducted with the selector in the position recommended by the manufacturer for 'normal' driving (= D range).

• Auxiliary gearsIf the vehicle is fitted with an auxiliary manual transmission or a multi-gear axle, the position used for normal urban driving shall be used.

• External downshifting (for example kick down) shall be excluded.


Automatic transmissions with manual selector

Refer to 3.1.2.4.2.1. 3.1.2.4.2.2., 3.1.2.4.2.3., 3.1.2.4.2.4.,

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

AT with manual selector


Gear position• Position of the manual selector

The test shall be conducted with the selector in the position recommended by the manufacturer for 'normal' driving (= D range).

• Auxiliary gearsIf the vehicle is fitted with an auxiliary manual transmission or a multi-gear axle, the position used for normal urban driving shall be used.

• External downshifting (for example kick down) shall be excluded.



Refer to 3.1.2.4.2.1. 3.1.2.4.2.2., 3.1.2.4.2.3., 3.1.2.4.2.4.,

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

External downshiftingExternal downshifting

The example of the kick down switch for external downshifting.

Kick down switch

Prevention of downshiftIf during the test, in the case of vehicles having more than two separate gears, there is an automatic down-shift to first gear, this down-shift may be avoided, at the manufacturer's choice. In these cases the operator may select any of the following modifications:


Refer to 3.1.2.4.2.4.,

a) increase the vehicle speed v to a maximum of 60km/h;b) maintain the vehicle speed v at 50km/h and limit the fuel supply to the engine

to 95% of the supply necessary for full load; this condition is considered to be satisfied;

(i) in the case of a spark-ignition engine, when the angle of the throttle opening is 90% of the full angle,

(ii) in the case of a compression-ignition engine, when the fuel supply to the injection pump is limited to 90% of its maximum supply;

c) establish and use an electronic control that will prevent a downshift to gears lower than those used in normal urban driving as defined by the manufacturer.

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

Test procedure for Test procedure for MM2, M3, N2, and N32, M3, N2, and N3


Refer to 3.1.2.3.1, 3.1.2.3.2.3.

Approach speed

• The rated engine power not greater than 225kWVA = 50 km/h or NA = 3/4 Swhichever is the lower vehicle speed

• The rated engine power greater than 225kWVA = 50 km/h or NA = 1/2 Swhichever is the lower vehicle speed

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2



Refer to 3.1.2.3.1, 3.1.2.3.2.3.

Gear position• Vehicles, in which the total number of forward gear ratios is

x (including those obtained by way of an auxiliary transmission or a multi-gear axle) will be tested sequentially, using the ratio equal to or higher than x/n.

Where: n = 2 for vehicles having an engine power not greater than 225 kWn = 3 for vehicles having an engine power greater than 225 kW

• If x/n does not correspond to a whole number, the nearest higherratio must be used.

• The testing shall continue from the gear (x/n) to the next higher gear.

• Shifting up gear ratios from (x/n) shall be terminating when in the gear X in which the rated engine speed is reached just before the rear of the vehicle has passed the line BB'.

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2


• Sample Calculation for Testing: There are 16 forward ratiosfor drive train having a transmission with 8 gears and an auxiliary transmission with 2 gears. If the engine has 230kW then (x/n) = (8 x 2)/3 = 16/3 = 5 1/3. The initial test gear ratio is6th (includes the gears from both the main transmission and auxiliary which is 6th out of the 16 total gear ratios), with the next gear ratio is 7th up to ratio X.

• The highest sound level is obtained between the extreme ratios tested.

Example of selection of gear ratio

Refer to 3.1.2.3.2.3.

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Total gear ratioEngine speed

1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’

HighLowS LowHigh

Low

HighAuxiliary gear

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16X



Refer to 3.1.2.4.2.1. 3.1.2.4.2.2., 3.1.2.4.2.3., 3.1.2.4.2.4.,

Gear position

Same as M1 and N1

Approach speed • The rated engine power not greater than 225kW

VA = 50 km/h or NA = 3/4 Swhichever is the lower vehicle speed

• The rated engine power greater than 225kWVA = 50 km/h or NA = 1/2 Swhichever is the lower vehicle speed

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

Test procedure for all categoriesTest procedure for all categories

Approach speed• The vehicle shall approach the line AA' at

various uniform speeds of 30, 40, 50 km/h or at 3/4 of the maximum on-road speed if this value is lower.

• The condition giving the highest noise level shall be retained.

Automatic transmissions without manual selector

Refer to 3.1.2.4.1

MT AT1 2

H.P. 1'N1 1 2

M2,M3N2,N3


M1

3 2

Test procedure for All categoriesTest procedure for All categories

In the case of vehicles powered by an electric motor

Electrical motor vehicles

whichever is the lower.

Refer to 3.1.2.2., 3.1.2.3.2.1. 3.1.2.4.2.1.

Vmax: maximum speed declared by the vehicle manufacturer.

Interpretation of test resultsInterpretation of test results

• The measurement of noise emitted by the vehicle in motion shall be considered valid if the difference between the two consecutive measurements on the same side of the vehicle is not more than 2dB(A).

• The figure recorded shall be that corresponding to the highest sound level.

• To allow for lack of precision in the measuring instrument the figures read from it during measurement shall each be reduced by 1dB.

Refer to 3.1.3,

P' V AV B

P AB

L/H R/H

B' A'

Demonstration (Acceleration test)Demonstration (Acceleration test)

-1 -1

50.560.0

76.5 75.8

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.55

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

Method 1

P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'


-1 -1

52.062.0

77.0 76.5

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.55

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

Method 1

P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

52.062.0

76.075.5

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

Demonstration (Acceleration test)Demonstration (Acceleration test)Method 1

P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

51.061.0

76.5 76.0

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.55

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5


P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

50.058.5

70.0 71.0

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.55

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5


P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

50.859.0

72.5 72.5

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.5

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5


P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

50.558.5

72.0 72.0

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.5

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

>2dB


P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.5

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

>2dB


P'V AV B

P AB

L/H

B' A'

-1 -1

R/H

1 2 3Max

Sound Level

Intermediate result

2nd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

3rd gearV A

V B

L/HR/H

50.560.0

75.574.8

50.058.5

69.070.0

52.062.0

76.075.5

50.859.0

71.571.5

51.061.0

75.575.0

50.558.5

71.071.0

76.576.0

72.572.5

76.5

72.5

75.575.0

71.571.5

75.5

71.5


75.5+71.52

Final Result : = 73.5

Maximum of two runs on the same side

Maximum of L/H and R/H side

Method 1

Limit Values R51/02 Limit Values R51/02

+2+2+1+1+1

+2

+1+1

+1(3)

+1+1

+1+1+1(2)

+1(1)

N3150kW ≤ P75kW ≤P <150kWP <75kW

8012t <GVM803.5t <GVM ≤12t78N2

80150kW ≤ P

P < 50kW

N1 Trucks

Buses(number of seat > 9)

Passenger car (number of seat ≤ 9)GVM ≤ 2t

773.5t <GVM772t <GVM ≤3.5t76GVM ≤ 2t

783.5t <GVM777674

Limit values

2t <GVM ≤3.5tM2&

M3

M1

Categories

(1) High performance car(See test method)(2) Direct injection diesel engine

(3) Off-road which is defined in R.E.3 and 2t <GVM

Test Method for Stationary Exhaust Noise Test (ECE R51)

Method 3Vehicle in stationary (Sample)

Purpose of stationary noise Purpose of stationary noise Aim of stationary noise test is mentioned in UN/ECE /WP29 RE3.

1.5.1.2. Methods of measuring the sound level.

….. The test on the vehicle when stationary may usefully be taken as a reference value by technical services wishing to use this method to check vehicles in service.

……..1.5.2.2. In view of the tolerances of measuring instruments, the disturbances that may occur at the time of

measurement and the scatter of measurements for vehicles of the same type, it will TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1 be necessary to allow for a margin of 5 dB(A) in comparison with the corresponding value recorded at the time of the type approval.

in use noise enforcement in national regulation level. It may be used with at least 5dB for margin.

Test instrumentsTest instruments

For sound measurementA precision sound-level meter shall be used. (refer to IEC standard)

• “A” weighting• “FAST” response• Peak hold (or maximum hold)

For engine speed measurement

Engine tachometer

Accuracy +/-2%(Note: +/- 3% in R41)

Method 3Method 4

Refer to 1.1, 1.2.

±10º

Method 3

Setting of Microphone Setting of Microphone

(1)Two or more outlets spaced less than 0.3 m apart

only one measurement is made; the microphone position is related to the outlet nearest to one extreme edge of the vehicle.

(2) Outlets spaced more than 0.3 m apart,

one measurement is made for each outlet

The height: same as the height of the outlet pipebut minimum value of 0.2 m.

Distance: 0.5 m from the exhaust orifice

Angle: 45 degrees +/- 10 degrees in the direction of the gas flow.

(1) (2)

Refer to 3.2.5.3.1

±10º±10º

Method 3

Setting of MicrophoneSetting of Microphone

(3)

(3)

(3) Vertical exhaustHeight: height of the exhaust outlet. Axis: vertical and oriented upwards. Distance: 0.5 m from the side of the

vehicle nearest to the exhaust.

Refer to 3.2.5.3.1.

Test procedure Test procedure Method 3

Readings, rounded off to the nearest decibel, shall be taken from the measuring instrument.Only those values obtained from three consecutive measurementswhich do not differ by more than 2 dB(A).The highest of these three values shall constitute the test result.

The engine is operated at a constant speed of 3/4 S.When constant engine speed is reached, the throttle shall be returned swiftly to the idle position.The sound level shall be measured during a period of constant engine speed and throughout the entire deceleration period.The maximum sound level meter reading being taken as the test value.

Refer to 3.2.5.3.2., 3.2.6.

Operating condition

Interpretation of test results

Method 4

Compressed air noiseTest Method for Compressed Air Noise Test (ECE R51)

Refer to Annex6

The highest A-weighted noise level is registered during ventingthe pressure regulator and during ventilating after the use of both the service and parking brakes.

Operating condition

The noise during venting the pressure regulator is measured with the engine at idling speed.

The air-compressor unit has to be brought up to the highest permissible operating pressure, and then the engine switched off.The ventilating noise is registered while operating the service and parking brakes

Microphone height: 1.2m

7m 7m

Limit value: 72dB(A)

Method 4

Compressed air noise

For all microphone positions two measurements are taken. In order to compensate for inaccuracies of the measuring equipment, the meter reading is reduced by 1 dB(A). The highest value measured is taken as the results.

Interpretation of test results

Limit value

Refer to Annex6

Important pointsImportant points

The important points for correct noise data

1. Carrying out calibration of the sound level meter in every test.

2. Taking care of low and stable ambient noise

3. Reducing the factors for variation of noise level;

• Approach speed (+/- 1km/h)

• Timing (place) of wide-open -throttle (as close to AA’ line as possible)

• Stability of opening the throttle during measurement to in stationary test

4. Selection and maintenance of road surface for noise test

0 50mm

ISO surface


Dense asphalt concrete


Comparison of Road Surfaces

Road surfaceRoad surface

• The purpose of specified test surface (so called ‘ISO surface’) Reducing the variation of noise level, because the road surface is one of most important factor for noise level.

• Requirements for road surface<Materials> 8mm of maximum chipping size

Straight asphalt for the binder<Characteristics> Texture depth ≥ 0.4mm,

Void content ≤ 8% ( Absorption coefficient ≤ 0.1)<Maintenance> Texture depth shall be checked every year.

• Remarks Problem of durability in the high temperature areas due to using straight asphaltUnder revising ISO 10844 (We expect to be able to use modified asphalt)

The road surface for noise test was standardized by ISO (ISO10844). Then, ECE adopted ISO10844 for R51/02.

General Information onOBD Provision of R83

Kenichi Tsujimura / JASIC

Purpose of OBDPurpose of to equip OBD system is to find out seriously high level of exhaust gas emission caused by trouble happening for the emission reduction system when vehicle in-use.

* Detailed presentation will follow in the next agenda.

UN organization• Exhaust gas emission and energy issue are

discussed by UN/ECE/WP29/GRPE

ECEEconomic Commission for Europe

WP29World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations

AC1,AC2AC3,AC4

U N / General Assembly

GRPE GRSPGRSGGRRFGRE

ITCInland Transport Committee

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council

GRB

Chaired by Mr.Gauvin, from France

Experts from;Belgium; Canada; Czech Republic; France; Germany; Hungary; India; Italy; Japan; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Republic of Korea; Republic of South Africa; Russian Federation; Serbia; Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; UK; USA; and EC

ESCAPE. C. for Asia & the Pacific

Participation from NGO ISO, OICA, CLEPA, IMMA, ENGVA, AEGPL, AECC/CEFIC, EMA, EUROMOT, CEMA, IANGV, CITA, ATC/CEFIC.

ECE R15 Exhaust EmissionECE R24 Diesel SmokeECE R40 Exhaust Emission ( Motor Cycle )ECE R47 Exhaust Emission ( Moped )ECE R49 Diesel EmissionECE R67 Specific Equipment of Vehicles

using LPG

ECE ECE R83 Emission of pollutantsR83 Emission of pollutantsaccording to engineaccording to engine fuelfuelrequirementsrequirements

Object ECE regulations of GRPEECE R84 Measurement of Fuel ConsumptionECE R85 Measurement of Engine PowerECE R96 Compression ignition engines

(agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road)

ECE R100 Battery Electric Vehicles ECE R101 Emission of Carbon Dioxide and Fuel

Consumption (Passenger Car )ECE R103 Replacement Catalytic ConvertersECE R110 Specific Equipment of Vehicles

using CNG →GRSGECE R115 LPG/CNG Retrofit SystemECE R120 Internal Combustion Engines for

Agricultural and Forestry Tractors andin Non-Road Mobile Machinery

Object gtrs of GRPEGtr No.2 Worldwide harmonized Motorcycle Emissions Certification ProcedureGtr No.4 Worldwide Harmonization test procedure for Heavy-Duty VehiclesGtr No.5 Worldwide Harmonization of On-Board Diagnosis system

GRPE

UN/ECE/WP29

NRMM (gtr)Non-Road Mobile Machinery

WWH-OCE (gtr)Worldwide Harmonization of Off-Cycle Emission

WLTP (gtr) Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty vehicle Emission Test Procedure

WMTC (gtr No.2) *in its 2nd stepWorldwide harmonized Motorcycle Emissions Test Cycle

GRPE

EFVEnvironmentally Friendly Vehicle

HFCV (gtr)Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Vehicle

WHDC (gtr No.4) *in its 2nd stepWorldwide Harmonization test procedure for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

SGE (Subgroup for Environment)

SGS (Subgroup for safety)

AC3

GFVGaseous Fuelled Vehicles

FQFuel Quality

GRPEInformal working groups

Chairman: Mr. Gauvin (GRPE Chairman)

WLTP gtr(Worldwide harmonized light-duty emission test procedure)

At 143th WP29, WP29/AC3 agreed to set up an informal group for WLTP and prepare the roadmap within 2 years

November 2007:

January 2008:

June 2008:

At 55th GRPE, the workplan for the WLTP informal group was agreed by the members

At 56th GRPE, WLTP informal group started to develop the roadmap

Aim to Submit the roadmap to WP29/AC3 by 2010

News

History of ECE R83

NOTENOTE

Addition of OBD provisionsAddition of OBD provisionsA limit : EuroA limit : Euro--33B limit : EuroB limit : Euro--44

EuroEuro--22

EuroEuro--11Addition of the extra urban driving Addition of the extra urban driving cyclecycle

Urban driving cycle onlyUrban driving cycle only

2001/03/292001/03/290505

1999/11/131999/11/1304041996/12/071996/12/0703031995/07/021995/07/020202

1992/12/301992/12/300101

1989/11/051989/11/05

Date of Date of entry into forceentry into force

0000

SeriesSeries

Adopted country of R83

• 40 countries adopted.

• There are 29 administrative departments.

• Total number of the technical services is 63.

Contents of R831. Scope2. Definitions 3. Application for approval4. Approval 5. Specifications and tests6. Modifications of the vehicle type 7. Extension of approval8. Conformity of production (COP)9. Penalties for non-conformity of production10. Production definitely discontinued11. Transitional provisions12. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting

approval tests ,and of administrative departmentsAppendix 1: Procedure for verifying the conformity of production

requirements if the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is satisfactory

Appendix 2: Procedure for verifying the conformity of production requirements if the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is either not satisfactory or not available

Appendix 3: In-service conformity checkAppendix 4: Statistical procedure for in-service conformity testing

Contents of R83 (Cont)

ANNEXES

Annex 1: ENGINE AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICSAnnex 2: COMMUNICATION

Appendix: OBD related information.Annex 3: ARRANGEMENTS OF THE APPROVAL MARKAnnex 4: TYPE I TEST (Exhaust emissions after a cold start)Annex 5: TYPE II TEST (Carbon monoxide test at idling speed)Annex 6: TYPE III TEST (Emissions of crankcase gases)Annex 7: TYPE IV TEST (Evaporative emissions)Annex 8: TYPE VI TEST (Low ambient temperature, cold start)Annex 9: TYPE V TEST (Endurance test for verifying the durability)Annex 10: SPECIFICATIONS OF REFERENCE FUELSAnnex 10a: SPECIFICATIONS OF GASEOUS REFERENCE FUELSAnnex 11: ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES

Appendix 1: Functional aspects of OBD systemsAppendix 2: Essential characteristics of the vehicle family

Annex 12: GRANTING OF AN ECE TYPE APPROVAL FOR A VEHICLE FUELLED BY LPG OR NATURAL GAS

Annex 13: EMISSIONS TEST PROCEDURE FOR A VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH A PERIODICALLY REGENERATING SYSTEM

Annex 14: EMISSIONS TEST PROCEDURE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

SCOPE of R83• This Regulation applies to vehicles of categories M and

N 1/ as shown by Table A, with regard to the tests foreseen for these vehicles in Table B.

---R83-N3

R49 or R83--R83-N2

R49 or R83R49 or R83R49 or R83R83-N1

---R83-M3

R49 or R83--R83-M2

---R83> 3.5 t

R83R83R83R83< 3.5 tM1

DieselLPGNG PetrolPetrol

Compression-ignition engined

vehicles including hybrid

vehicles

Positive-ignition engined vehicles including hybrid vehicles

Max. mass

Vehicle category

Table A

SCOPE of R83 (Cont)

Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)



YesYes(max. mass(max. mass << 3.5 t)3.5 t)

OnOn--board board diagnosticsdiagnostics


Yes.(max. mass < 3.5 t)


Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)In-use conformity

--Yes

(test only with petrol)(max. mass < 3.5 t)


Low temperature emissions



Yes(test only with petrol)(max. mass < 3.5 t)

Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)Durability

--Yes

(test only with petrol)(max. mass < 3.5 t)

Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)Evaporative emissions

-YesYes(test only with petrol)YesCrankcase emissions

-YesYes(test with both fuel types)YesIdle emissions

Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)---Particulates



Yes(test with both fuel types)

(max. mass < 3.5 t)

Yes(max. mass < 3.5 t)Gaseous pollutants

Diesel fuelled vehiclesmono-fuel vehiclebi-fuel vehiclepetrol fuelled petrol fuelled vehiclevehicle

Compression-ignition enginedvehicles of categories M1 and N1 including hybrid vehicles 1/

Positive-ignition engined vehicles of categories M and N including hybrid vehicles 1/

Requirements

Table B

NoteAs for a today’s session, presentations on OBD are focused on R83-05 certification procedure for small sized passenger vehicles (M1) equipped positive ignition engine using gasoline for its fuel.

Application

1.the additional information required in paragraph 4.2.11.2.7. of Annex 1,

together with

2.a declaration by the manufacturer.

The application for approval of a vehicle type shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his authorized representative.

The application concern an OBD system shall be accompanied by

Application4.2.11.2.7 of Annex1, information of On-board-diagnostic (OBD) system

•Written description and/or drawing of the malfunction indicator (MI):•List and purpose of all components monitored by the OBD system:•Written description (general working principles) for:•Positive-ignition engines•Catalyst monitoring :•Misfire detection :•Oxygen sensor monitoring:•Other components monitored by the OBD system:•Criteria for MI activation •List of all OBD output codes and formats used •The following additional information must be provided by the vehicle manufacturer

– A description of the type and number of the pre-conditioning cycles – A description of the type of the OBD demonstration cycle – A comprehensive document describing all sensed components with the

strategy, etc•The information required by this paragraph may, for example, be defined by completing a table as follows, which shall be attached to this annex:

ApplicationAs for a declaration by the manufacturer in the case of vehiclesequipped with positive-ignition engines,

the percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that

would result in emissions exceeding the limits given in paragraph 3.3.2.

of Annex 11, if that percentage of misfire had been present from the

start of a Type I test as described in paragraph 5.3.1. of Annex 4

Other required information are given in

Annex 2 - Appendix 1 OBD - RELATED INFORMATION

For OBD application, a lot of information concerning specification and technical detail of OBD are required. (See regulation for detail)

Approval• If the vehicle type submitted for approval

following this amendment meets the requirements of paragraph 5. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.

• An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved.

• Its first two digits shall indicate the series of amendments according to which the approval was granted. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another vehicle type

Vehicle typeVehicle type" means a category of power-driven vehicles that do not differ in such essential respects as:

the equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference mass as prescribed in Annex 4, paragraph 5.1.

and the engine and vehicle characteristics as defined in Annex 1

Vehicle type and familyAt the OBD provision, Vehicle type and family are mentioned as;

"Vehicle type" means a category of power-driven vehicles which do not differ in such essential engine and OBD system characteristics.

"Vehicle family" means a manufacturer's grouping of vehicles which, through their design, are expected to have similar exhaust emission and OBD system characteristics. Each vehicle of this family shall have complied with the requirements of this Regulation as defined in Appendix 2 to this annex.

Criteria of vehicle type and family should be considered in case that the selection of vehicle for certification test is discussed.

Markinga circle surrounding the letter "E"

• the distinguishing number of the country that has granted approval

• the number of this Regulation,

• the letter "R",

• a dash

• the approval number to the right of the circle

• an additional character after the letter "R",

• Indication of the emission limit values for which the approval has been granted.

• compliance with the limits for the Type I test detailed in Row A, the letter "R" will be followed by the roman number "I".

•compliance with the limits for the Type I test detailed in Row B, the letter "R" will be followed by the roman number "II".

Approval mark

A circle surrounding the letter "E"

The number of this Regulation

The letter "R“

the approval number

The distinguishing number of the country that has granted approval

Compliance with the limits for the Type I test Row A ; "I". Row B ; "II".

A dash

The type of approval

“B” indicated for the vehicles approved to the emission levels for the engine with petrol (unleaded) or with unleaded petrol and either LPG or NG

Approval B (Row A) There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:

Conformity check• Procedure for conformity of production

(COP) by vehicle manufacture and conformity check for in service vehicle are specified in Appendix 1 to 3 of this regulation.

•Detailed presentations for OBD verification will follow in the next agenda.

Thank you for attention

OBD Introductionbased on UN/ECE R83/05

OBD IntroductionOBD Introductionbased on UN/ECE R83/05based on UN/ECE R83/05

Presented byPresented byHitoshi HiraiHitoshi HiraiAugust 8August 8thth in 2008, JASICin 2008, JASIC

14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise and OBD (day 2nd )in Grand Mercure Fortune Hotel in Bangkok

2

Contents

1st STEP:1-1: What’s OBD ?Break

2nd STEP:2-1: OBD Type-Approval : General2-2: OBD Type-Approval: Test Requirements2-3: OBD Type-Approval: OBD Demonstration Tests2-4: OBD Type-Approval: Test Planning2-5: OBD Type-Approval: OBD Family

3rd STEP:3-1: OBD Type-Approval: COP3-2: OBD Type-Approval: Misfiring requirements3-3: OBD Type-Approval: Disable Conditions & Deficiency3-4: OBD Type-Approval: Summary and proposal

11stst STEP:STEP:11--1: What1: What’’s OBD ?s OBD ?BreakBreak

22ndnd STEP:STEP:22--1: OBD Type1: OBD Type--Approval : Approval : GeneralGeneral22--2: OBD Type2: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Test RequirementsTest Requirements22--3: OBD Type3: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: OBD Demonstration TestsOBD Demonstration Tests22--4: OBD Type4: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Test PlanningTest Planning22--5: OBD Type5: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: OBD FamilyOBD Family

33rdrd STEP:STEP:33--1: OBD Type1: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: COPCOP33--2: OBD Type2: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Misfiring requirementsMisfiring requirements33--3: OBD Type3: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Disable Conditions & DeficiencyDisable Conditions & Deficiency33--4: OBD Type4: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Summary and proposalSummary and proposal

3

WhatWhat’’s OBD ?s OBD ?

4

Why is OBD required ?Why is OBD required ?

Since 1980s, legal emission requirement has become strict level, year after year, in the world. Since 1980s, legal emission requirement has become strict level, year after year, in the world.

Following to such strict regulations,in Type-Approval test, the emission level has been drastically reduced.Following to such strict regulations,Following to such strict regulations,in Typein Type--Approval test, the emission level has been drastically reduced.Approval test, the emission level has been drastically reduced.

@Europe; EURO4/5@Europe; EURO4/5@Europe; EURO4/5

@Japan; New long-term@Japan; New long-term

@US; TIER2@US; TIER2@US; TIER2

@California; LEV-I/LEV-II@California; @California; LEVLEV--I/LEVI/LEV--IIII

5

Emission reduction ProgressEmission reduction Progress

2012201020082006200420022000

USUS

Europe / UNEurope / UN

JapanJapan

1998199619941992

New ShortNew Short--termterm New LongNew Long--termterm Post New Post New LongLong--termterm

Euro1Euro1 Euro2Euro2 Euro3Euro3 Euro4Euro4 Euro5Euro5

Teir1Teir1 NLEV NLEV RegReg Teir2Teir2

LEV1LEV1 LEV2LEV2California

Emission limit has been enforced in phase in the world !Emission limit has been enforced in phase in the world !

6

What’s happen to vehicle ?

Coolant Temp. sensor

OnOn--board computerboard computer

Crank Position sensors#2

Crank-angle sensors#1

Air flow sensor

Throttle sensorsOil Temp. sensor

O2 sensors#1

O2 sensors#2EGR-lift sensor

Manifold Pressure sensor

Camshaft sensor

Air temp. sensor

To maintain the emission level, since early To maintain the emission level, since early ’’80, 80, various sensors have been mounted as various sensors have been mounted as ““emission emission control systemcontrol system””..

In another word, In another word, Without such the system, “clean emission” level becomes blowing up(over the limit) easily.

This is ; On-Board Diagnostics (OBD)This is ; OnThis is ; On--Board Diagnostics (OBD)Board Diagnostics (OBD)Required “diagnosis system” for those

7

If malfunction and/or deterioration of the emission control system would be occurred, not only not only ““Malfunction Illuminate Lamp (MIL)Malfunction Illuminate Lamp (MIL)”” must be lighted on, ““Service Service information(Faultinformation(Fault Code)Code)”” must be stored for repairing!

Power-trainComputer

•OBD Monitoring•Information Storing

Emission-related component Tool connector

•ISO(SAE) standard

General Scan Tool

ＧＳＴ

•ISO(SAE) standard

Malfunction Indication Lamp (MIL)

P0XXXP0X0X

How does OBD work ?

8

More OBD !

OBD is a shift to pollution prevention. OBD can identify problem(s) with the emissions control system before the vehicle becomes an excessive polluter, allowing time to repair the vehicle before emissions increase.

Full-useful Life

Full-useful Life

Em

issi

on a

mou

ntE

mis

sion

am

ount

Car InspectionCar InspectionCar Inspection

MalfunctionMalfunctionMalfunction

Malfunction & MIL onMalfunction & MIL onMalfunction & MIL on

??

Without OBD system, excessive emission level was NOTNOT found until “Car Inspection”. Because a driver could NOTNOT find the “Malfunction” was occurred.

OBD limit

OBD limit

RepairingRepairing

NG!NG!

Car InspectionCar InspectionCar Inspection OK!OK!

9

What is benefit in Car Repairing !?

RepairingRepairing

w/o OBD systemw/o OBD systemw/o OBD system

WhatWhat’’s wrong ?s wrong ?Wasting time by Wasting time by ““guessguess--andand--replace repairsreplace repairs””

Trouble !Trouble ! Complete !Complete !

RepairingRepairing

w/ OBD systemw/ OBD systemw/ OBD system

WhatWhat’’s wrong ?s wrong ?Determination with Determination with ““Generic Scan ToolGeneric Scan Tool””

Just check fault code !Just check fault code !

Which one do you want to do ?Which one do you want to do ?

Low Cost Low Cost Low risk of missLow risk of miss--repairingrepairingShort period repairingShort period repairing

10

What is benefit in Car Inspection !?What is benefit in Car Inspection !?

Start inspectionStart inspection

w/o OBD systemw/o OBD systemw/o OBD system

w/ OBD systemw/ OBD systemw/ OBD system

Visual checkVisual check Emission MeasurementEmission Measurement(including equipments)(including equipments)

Complete !Complete !

••MILMIL--offoff••Stored codeStored code

Low Cost Low Cost not required the emission meas.not required the emission meas.

Which one do you want to do ?Which one do you want to do ?

11

Good Help for Environment !Good Help for Environment !

Because ;Because ; OBD can notify a driver of a problem before the vehicleOBD can notify a driver of a problem before the vehicle’’s emission have increased !s emission have increased !

OBD Limit

High Emitter region

OBD criteria

・Malfunction・Tampering modification・・MalfunctionMalfunction・・Tampering modificationTampering modification

・Unexpected deterioration・Poor maintenance・・Unexpected deteriorationUnexpected deterioration・・Poor maintenancePoor maintenance

Design ProblemsProduct ProblemsDesign ProblemsDesign ProblemsProduct ProblemsProduct Problems

Em

issi

on [g

/km

]

Distance[km], period[year]

•Certification•COP

Mass Production Full-useful life

Normal Level

OBD MIL-on region

Normal region

How does OBD help the environment ?

12

OBD Introduction in the world

ThailandThailand

SingaporeSingapore

IndiaIndia

AustraliaAustralia

TaipeiTaipei

ChinaChina

KoreaKorea

JapanJapanEuropeEurope

USUS

2010201020002000199019901980198019701970

planningplanning

OBD1OBD1 OBD2OBD2

OBD2(UNECE)OBD2(UNECE)

Japan OBD2Japan OBD2

OBD2OBD2





Japan OBD1Japan OBD1

To introduce To introduce ““OBD regulationOBD regulation”” has some merits (advantages) for environment, has some merits (advantages) for environment, repair shops, and car inspection !repair shops, and car inspection !

planningplanning

13

“OBD functions” require ;•To alert driver high emitter emission (MIL on)•To record OBD information, which is standardized & published in the world•To save cost by maintenance/repair before becoming serious problem in car inspection

“OBD functions” require ;•To alert driver high emitter emission (MIL on)•To record OBD information, which is standardized & published in the world•To save cost by maintenance/repair before becoming serious problem in car inspection

OBDOBD

PublishPublishInformationInformation

Car Car InspectionInspection

By publishing service information, immediate repairing can be reached.

By confirming stored data, effective and certain inspection can be realizable.

By lighting on MIL, alert a driver malfunction.

OBD OBD ConceptsConcepts

14

ISSUES in OBD implementationISSUES in OBD implementation

a driver’s acknowledgement what happen to vehicle, when MIL lights on. a drivera driver’’s acknowledgement what happen to vehicle, when MIL lights on. s acknowledgement what happen to vehicle, when MIL lights on.

to educate the maintenance operation for repair and maintenance shopsto educate the maintenance operation for repair and maintenance to educate the maintenance operation for repair and maintenance shopsshops

For OBD introduction, the follows are required; For OBD introduction, the follows are required;

a technical and compliance judgment for each manufacture’s OBD strategy based on its emission control system.a technical and compliance judgment for each manufacturea technical and compliance judgment for each manufacture’’s OBD strategy s OBD strategy based on its emission control system.based on its emission control system.

Control market fuel specificationControl market fuel specificationControl market fuel specification

Also,Also,

The fuel specification has great influence to OBD system(miss-diagnosis) because of unexpected combustion and evaporation.

ISSUE 1ISSUE 1ISSUE 1



15

ISSUE 1 ; Comparing ISSUE 1 ; Comparing ““emission testemission test”” and and ““OBD testOBD test””

CPU COTHC

NOx

Emission Test Territory

PM

CO2

Regarding to Regarding to ““normal Emission Testnormal Emission Test””, just measure and evaluate the emission level against , just measure and evaluate the emission level against ““Limit ValueLimit Value””..

BUT, in OBD Test;BUT, in OBD Test;OBD Test Territory

CPU COTHC

NOx

PM

CO2

Emission Test Territory

Emission Control System

““Emission Control SystemEmission Control System”” must be involved for OBD understanding !must be involved for OBD understanding !

16

ISSUE 1 ; WhatISSUE 1 ; What’’s Emission Control System ?s Emission Control System ?

OBD Strategy AOBD Strategy AEmission Control System AEmission Control System A

Catalyst Catalyst MalfunctionMalfunction Fault codeFault code

Fault codeFault code

Fault codeFault code

MIL onMIL on

MIL onMIL on

MIL onMIL onOBD Strategy COBD Strategy CEmission Control System CEmission Control System C

Catalyst Catalyst MalfunctionMalfunction

OBD Strategy BOBD Strategy BEmission Control System BEmission Control System B

Catalyst Catalyst MalfunctionMalfunction

Company ACompany A

Company BCompany B

Company CCompany C

Manufacturedependence

ManufactureManufacturedependencedependence

OBD strategy is base on the OBD strategy is base on the ““emission control systememission control system””. . This emission control system should be specialized by manufacturThis emission control system should be specialized by manufacture. e.

The OBD strategy depends on Manufacture ! The OBD strategy depends on Manufacture !

RequirementRequirementRequirementCompliance OK!Compliance OK!

17

OBD System BOBD System BOBD System BOBD System AOBD System AOBD System A

Emission Control System BEmission Control System BEmission Control System BEmission Control System AEmission Control System AEmission Control System A

ISSUE1 ; What is manufacture dependence of ISSUE1 ; What is manufacture dependence of ““OBD systemOBD system”” ??

Heat ImpactHeat ImpactHeat Impact

PoisoningPoisoningPoisoningChemical ImpactChemical ImpactChemical Impact

Physical ImpactPhysical ImpactPhysical Impact Fuel ImpactFuel ImpactFuel Impact

Human ErrorHuman ErrorHuman Error

RealReal--worldworld

By By ““Company ACompany A””,,Electrical & Mathematical treatmentElectrical & Mathematical treatment

By By ““Company BCompany B””,,Electrical & Mathematical treatmentElectrical & Mathematical treatment

OBD Limit X 1.2OBD Limit X 1.2

Em

issi

on L

evel

Sensor OutputSensor Output

OBD Limit X 1.2OBD Limit X 1.2

Em

issi

on L

evel

Sensor OutputSensor Output

Catalyst ACatalyst ACatalyst A Catalyst BCatalyst BCatalyst B

Reducing emission levelReducing emission levelReducing emission levelReducing emission level

ItIt’’s a s a ““manufacturer dependencemanufacturer dependence””..

Ex.Ex.

SensorSensor Sensor1Sensor1 Sensor2Sensor2

18

ISSUE1 ; WhatISSUE1 ; What’’s POINT ?s POINT ?

OBD purpose is to prevent “high emitter car” in the market (in and after type-approval).

OBD purpose is to prevent OBD purpose is to prevent ““high emitter carhigh emitter car”” in the market in the market (in and after type(in and after type--approval). approval).

““the OBD system DOES work correctly in the Market !?the OBD system DOES work correctly in the Market !?””

To access the manufacturer’s “emission control system” and “OBD strategy”based on your market.

19

ISSUE 2 ; Driver AcknowledgementISSUE 2 ; Driver Acknowledgement

A driver must recognize MIL meaning !A driver must recognize MIL meaning !

Repair Shop??????

““MILMIL”” meaning must be recognized by a driver correctly !meaning must be recognized by a driver correctly !Also, manufacturer has to mention it in Service Manual or informAlso, manufacturer has to mention it in Service Manual or information.ation.

““MILMIL”” means my car means my car is something wrong. is something wrong. Go down to shop!Go down to shop!

High EmitterHigh Emitter

20

ISSUE 3 ; Education for OBD maintenanceISSUE 3 ; Education for OBD maintenance

The information on GST should be standardized (ISO standard)!The information on GST should be standardized (ISO standard)!

Repair Shop

Generic Scan Generic Scan Tool(GSTTool(GST) & OBD Information) & OBD Informationin according to ISO standardin according to ISO standard

GST CGST C

Fault Fault code Ccode CGST BGST B

Fault Fault code Bcode B

GST AGST A

Fault Fault code Acode A

Easy to repair with GST.Easy to repair with GST.It tells me It tells me ““This device is This device is

wrong!wrong!””

??????

Which one is for Which one is for what ?what ?

Company ACompany ACat.TroubleCat.Trouble

Company CCompany CCat.TroubleCat.TroubleCompany BCompany B

Cat.TroubleCat.Trouble

21

ISSUE 3 ; Standardized Diagnostic SignalsISSUE 3 ; Standardized Diagnostic Signals

ISO15031ISO15031--66（（SAE J2012SAE J2012））•• fault code; (P0 code)fault code; (P0 code)•• code defined by manufacturer; (P1 code)code defined by manufacturer; (P1 code) ※※ negotiationnegotiation

Fault CodeFault Code

ISO 15031ISO 15031--5(SAE J1979) 5(SAE J1979) Scan tool which is possible to access in according to ISO 15031Scan tool which is possible to access in according to ISO 15031--4(SAE J1978)4(SAE J1978)

・・Freeze FrameFreeze Frame ・・Data StreamData Stream・・Fault CodeFault Code ・・Test ResultsTest Results

Basic Diagnostic DataBasic Diagnostic Data

ISO 11519ISO 11519--4(SAE J1850)4(SAE J1850)ISO 9141ISO 9141--22、、ISO 14230ISO 14230--44、、ISO 15765ISO 15765--44Communication ProtocolCommunication Protocol

ISO 15031ISO 15031--4(SAE J1978)4(SAE J1978)Scan ToolScan Tool

ISO15031ISO15031--33Diagnostic tool connector typeDiagnostic tool connector typeStandardsStandardsFactorsFactors

Communication StandardCommunication StandardCommunication StandardGlobal manufacture requires to make standardized tool and communGlobal manufacture requires to make standardized tool and communication.ication.

“Global Communication standard” has been defined in the regulation as like ISO and SAE.““Global Communication standardGlobal Communication standard”” has been defined in the regulation as like ISO and SAE.has been defined in the regulation as like ISO and SAE.

22

ISSUE 3 ; Introduction for Generic Scan Tools

Several markers are released as Several markers are released as ““Generic Scan ToolGeneric Scan Tool””..

Notes; Notes; Recommend the specificationRecommend the specification--check before because of slightly function different, in particulcheck before because of slightly function different, in particular.ar.Confirm them before purchasing if completely Confirm them before purchasing if completely works(poorworks(poor))

23

Conclusion

OBD is good system which can contribute to “Environment”and “effective maintenance”, although some issues must be

overcome in according to country’s situation !

OBD is good system which can contribute to OBD is good system which can contribute to ““EnvironmentEnvironment””and and ““effective maintenanceeffective maintenance””, although some issues must be , although some issues must be

overcome in according to countryovercome in according to country’’s situation !s situation !

24

15minutes Break15minutes Break

25

Contents

1st STEP:1-1: What’s OBD ?Break

2nd STEP:2-1: OBD Type-Approval : General2-2: OBD Type-Approval: Test Requirements2-3: OBD Type-Approval: OBD Demonstration Tests2-4: OBD Type-Approval: Test Planning2-5: OBD Type-Approval: OBD Family

3rd STEP:3-1: OBD Type-Approval: COP3-2: OBD Type-Approval: Misfiring requirements3-3: OBD Type-Approval: Disable Conditions & Deficiency3-4: OBD Type-Approval: Summary and proposal

11stst STEP:STEP:11--1: What1: What’’s OBD ?s OBD ?BreakBreak

22ndnd STEP:STEP:22--1: OBD Type1: OBD Type--Approval : Approval : GeneralGeneral22--2: OBD Type2: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Test RequirementsTest Requirements22--3: OBD Type3: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: OBD Demonstration TestsOBD Demonstration Tests22--4: OBD Type4: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Test PlanningTest Planning22--5: OBD Type5: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: OBD FamilyOBD Family

33rdrd STEP:STEP:33--1: OBD Type1: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: COPCOP33--2: OBD Type2: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Misfiring requirementsMisfiring requirements33--3: OBD Type3: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Disable Conditions & DeficiencyDisable Conditions & Deficiency33--4: OBD Type4: OBD Type--Approval: Approval: Summary and proposalSummary and proposal

26

OBD TypeOBD Type--Approval in UN/ECE R83/05Approval in UN/ECE R83/05

GeneralGeneral

27

UN/ECE R83/05 Regulation

Annex 11 : ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLESAnnex 11 : ONAnnex 11 : ON--BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLESBOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES

Annex 1: Engine and Vehicle CharacteristicsAnnex 1: Annex 1: EngineEngine and Vehicle Characteristicsand Vehicle Characteristics

28

Application for Approval

Annex 1: ENGINE AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFORMATION CONCERNING THE CONDUCT OF TESTS3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to exhaust emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions and durability of pollution control devices, as well as to its on-board diagnostic (OBD) system shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his authorized representative.

3.1.1. Should the application concern an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system, it shall be accompanied by the additional information required in paragraph 4.2.11.2.7. of Annex 1, together with:

3.1.1.1. a declaration by the manufacturer of:3.1.1.1.1. in the case of vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines, the percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that would result in emissions exceeding the limits given in paragraph 3.3.2. of Annex 11, if that percentage of misfire had beenpresent from the start of a Type I test as described in paragraph 5.3.1. of Annex 4;3.1.1.1.2. in the case of vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines */ , the percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that could lead to an exhaust catalyst, or catalysts, overheating prior to causing irreversible damage;

3.1.1.2. detailed written information fully describing the functional operation characteristics of the OBD system, including a listing of all relevant parts of the vehicle's emission control system, i.e. sensors, actuators and components, that are monitored by the OBD system;3.1.1.3. a description of the malfunction indicator (MI) used by the OBD system to signal the presence of a fault to a driver of the vehicle; copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extensions of approvals;3.1.1.4. if applicable, the particulars of the vehicle family as referred to in Annex 11, Appendix 2.

3.1.2. For the tests described in paragraph 3. of Annex 11, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type or vehicle family fitted with the OBD system to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for the type approval test. If the technical service determines that the submitted vehicle does not fully represent the vehicle type or vehicle family described in Annex 11, Appendix 2, an alternative and if necessary an additional vehicle shall be submitted for test in accordance with paragraph 3. of Annex 11.

3.2. A model of the information document relating to exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, durability and the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system is given in Annex 1. The information mentioned under paragraph 4.2.11.2.7.6. of Annex 1 is to be included in Appendix 1 "OBD -RELATED INFORMATION" to the type-approval communication given in Annex 2.

3.2.1. Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extensions of approvals and establishment of deterioration factors shall be submitted.

Annex 1: ENGINE AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFORMATION CONCERNING THE CONDUCT OF TESTS3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL

3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to exhaust emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions and durability of pollution control devices, as well as to its on-board diagnostic (OBD) system shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his authorized representative.

3.1.1. Should the application concern an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system, it shall be accompanied by the additional information required in paragraph 4.2.11.2.7. of Annex 1, together with:

3.1.1.1. a declaration by the manufacturer of:3.1.1.1.1. in the case of vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines, the percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that would result in emissions exceeding the limits given in paragraph 3.3.2. of Annex 11, if that percentage of misfire had beenpresent from the start of a Type I test as described in paragraph 5.3.1. of Annex 4;3.1.1.1.2. in the case of vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines */ , the percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that could lead to an exhaust catalyst, or catalysts, overheating prior to causing irreversible damage;

3.1.1.2. detailed written information fully describing the functional operation characteristics of the OBD system, including a listing of all relevant parts of the vehicle's emission control system, i.e. sensors, actuators and components, that are monitored by the OBD system;3.1.1.3. a description of the malfunction indicator (MI) used by the OBD system to signal the presence of a fault to a driver of the vehicle; copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extensions of approvals;3.1.1.4. if applicable, the particulars of the vehicle family as referred to in Annex 11, Appendix 2.

3.1.2. For the tests described in paragraph 3. of Annex 11, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type or vehicle family fitted with the OBD system to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for the type approval test. If the technical service determines that the submitted vehicle does not fully represent the vehicle type or vehicle family described in Annex 11, Appendix 2, an alternative and if necessary an additional vehicle shall be submitted for test in accordance with paragraph 3. of Annex 11.

3.2. A model of the information document relating to exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, durability and the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system is given in Annex 1. The information mentioned under paragraph 4.2.11.2.7.6. of Annex 1 is to be included in Appendix 1 "OBD -RELATED INFORMATION" to the type-approval communication given in Annex 2.

3.2.1. Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extensions of approvals and establishment of deterioration factors shall be submitted.

Section 3.1 and 3.2. are for OBD applied documentationsAbout Misfiring percentageAbout displaying MILAbout “OBD Family”About OBD information:

Section 3.1 and 3.2. are for OBD applied documentationsSection 3.1 and 3.2. are for OBD applied documentationsAbout Misfiring percentageAbout displaying MILAbout “OBD Family”About OBD information:

29

Annex 1ENGINE AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFORMATION CONCERNING THE CONDUCT OF TESTS4. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY CONVERTERS

4.2. Internal combustion engine4.2.11. Measures taken against air pollution:4.2.11.2. Additional pollution control devices (if any, and if not covered by another heading:4.2.11.2.7. On-board-diagnostic (OBD) system4.2.11.2.7.1. Written description and/or drawing of the malfunction indicator (MI):4.2.11.2.7.2. List and purpose of all components monitored by the OBD system:4.2.11.2.7.3. Written description (general working principles) for:4.2.11.2.7.3.1. Positive-ignition engines4.2.11.2.7.3.1.1. Catalyst monitoring :4.2.11.2.7.3.1.2. Misfire detection :4.2.11.2.7.3.1.3. Oxygen sensor monitoring:4.2.11.2.7.3.1.4. Other components monitored by the OBD system::4.2.11.2.7.5. List of all OBD output codes and formats used (with explanation of each):4.2.11.2.7.6. The following additional information must be provided by the vehicle manufacturer for the purposes of enabling the manufacture of OBD-compatible replacement or service parts and diagnostic tools and test equipment, unless such information is covered by intellectual property rights or constitutes specific know-how of the manufacturer or the OEM supplier(s).

(4.2.11.2.7.6.1. - 4.2.11.2.7.6.3. are described in 4.2.11.2.7.6.4.)

4.2.11.2.7.6.4. The information required by this paragraph may, for example, be defined by completing a table as follows, which shall be attached to this annex:

Annex 1ENGINE AND VEHICLE CHARACTERISTICS AND INFORMATION CONCERNING THE CONDUCT OF TESTS4. DESCRIPTION OF ENERGY CONVERTERS

4.2. Internal combustion engine4.2.11. Measures taken against air pollution:4.2.11.2. Additional pollution control devices (if any, and if not covered by another heading:4.2.11.2.7. On-board-diagnostic (OBD) system4.2.11.2.7.1. Written description and/or drawing of the malfunction indicator (MI):4.2.11.2.7.2. List and purpose of all components monitored by the OBD system:4.2.11.2.7.3. Written description (general working principles) for:4.2.11.2.7.3.1. Positive-ignition engines4.2.11.2.7.3.1.1. Catalyst monitoring :4.2.11.2.7.3.1.2. Misfire detection :4.2.11.2.7.3.1.3. Oxygen sensor monitoring:4.2.11.2.7.3.1.4. Other components monitored by the OBD system::4.2.11.2.7.5. List of all OBD output codes and formats used (with explanation of each):4.2.11.2.7.6. The following additional information must be provided by the vehicle manufacturer for the purposes of enabling the manufacture of OBD-compatible replacement or service parts and diagnostic tools and test equipment, unless such information is covered by intellectual property rights or constitutes specific know-how of the manufacturer or the OEM supplier(s).

(4.2.11.2.7.6.1. - 4.2.11.2.7.6.3. are described in 4.2.11.2.7.6.4.)

4.2.11.2.7.6.4. The information required by this paragraph may, for example, be defined by completing a table as follows, which shall be attached to this annex:

Section 4. are for OBD applied documentationsAbout OBD systemAbout MIL dimensionAbout OBD system ListAbout OBD monitoring methods:

Section 4. are for OBD applied documentationsSection 4. are for OBD applied documentationsAbout OBD systemAbout MIL dimensionAbout OBD system ListAbout OBD monitoring methods:


30

::::::::

Type I

Demonstration test

Two Type I cycles

Preconditioning

Engine speed,engine load,A/F mode,Catalyst Temperature

Secondaryparameters

3rd cycleDifference betweensensor 1 and sensor2 signals

Oxygensensor 1 and2 signals

P0420Catalyst

MI activationCriteria

FaultDetection criteria

Monitoringstrategy

FaultcodeComponent

※ Same requirement are described in Annex 2 - Appendix 1 OBD - RELATED INFORMATION


Also in Section 4,Required the list of OBD strategy in each monitoring !Also in Section 4,Also in Section 4,Required the list of OBD strategy in each monitoring !Required the list of OBD strategy in each monitoring !

31

7. EXTENSION OF APPROVAL7.4. On-board diagnostics

7.4.1. Approval granted to a vehicle type with respect to the OBD system may be extended to different vehicle types belonging to the same vehicle-OBD family as described in Annex 11, Appendix 2. The engine emission control system shall be identical to that of the vehicle already approved and comply with the description of the OBD engine family given in Annex 11, Appendix 2, regardless of the following vehicle characteristics:

•engine accessories,•tyres,•equivalent inertia,•cooling system,•overall gear ratio,•transmission type,•type of bodywork.

7. EXTENSION OF APPROVAL7.4. On-board diagnostics

7.4.1. Approval granted to a vehicle type with respect to the OBD system may be extended to different vehicle types belonging to the same vehicle-OBD family as described in Annex 11, Appendix 2. The engine emission control system shall be identical to that of the vehicle already approved and comply with the description of the OBD engine family given in Annex 11, Appendix 2, regardless of the following vehicle characteristics:

•engine accessories,•tyres,•equivalent inertia,•cooling system,•overall gear ratio,•transmission type,•type of bodywork.


In Section 7,“OBD Extension” is based on only “OBD strategy”, it is not depended on above characteristics !

In Section 7,“OBD Extension” is based on only “OBD strategy”, it is not depended on above characteristics !

32

UUNN/ECE R83/05 Type/ECE R83/05 Type--Approval Flow Approval Flow -- example example --

Manufacturer preparation

Manufacturer preparation

Certification documentCertification document

In according to Company’s plan,Durability parts, test vehicle, working granted-plan

Negotiation & WCDNegotiation & WCD •Explanation of Type-Approval plan (Carry-Over or Test)•In case of the test, decision of demonstration-test items with;•Negotiation of new technology, new OBD strategy, and test method

※WCD; negotiation sheet, called “worst case document”, of test conditions, and test items Requiring

demonstration testRequiring

demonstration test

Acceptance or requirement for manufacturer application

Company dataCompany dataWitness TestWitness Test

Invited Test at Manufacturer LabInvited Test at Manufacturer Lab

ISSUE Type-Approval certificate to vehicle manufacture

ISSUE Type-Approval certificate to vehicle manufacture

reporting

Approval AuthorityApproval Authority

ManufacturerManufacturer

w/o demonstration testsw/o demonstration testsw/ demonstration tests

Manufacturer Submits Approval Documents to Other Countries in order to obtain vehicle registration in that territoryManufacturer Submits Approval Documents to Other Countries in orManufacturer Submits Approval Documents to Other Countries in order der toto obtain obtain vehiclevehicle registration in that territoryregistration in that territory

Application of Test Results & Documentations

Application of Test Results & Documentations

Maintain the certificationMaintain the certification

Carry OverCarry Over

Negotiation & discussion

yes

no

approx.approx.in a few monthsin a few months

33


Tests RequirementsTests Requirements

34

OBD Emission LimitAnnex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.3. Description of tests3.3.2. The OBD system shall indicate the failure of an emission-related component or system when that failure results in emissions exceeding the threshold limits given below:

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.3. Description of tests3.3.2. The OBD system shall indicate the failure of an emission-related component or system when that failure results in emissions exceeding the threshold limits given below:

OBD LimitOBD LimitOBD Limit

Standard LimitStandard Limit

35

Requirement for MIL on

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS

3.5. Activation of malfunction indicator (MI)3.5.1. The OBD system shall incorporate a malfunction indicator readily perceivable to the vehicle operator. The MI shall not be used for any other purpose except to indicate emergency start-up or limp-home routines to the driver. The MI shall be visible in all reasonable lighting conditions. When activated, it shall display a symbol in conformity with ISO 2575 1/ A vehicle shall not be equipped with more than one general purpose MI for emission-related problems. Separate specific purpose telltales (e. g. brake system, fasten seat belt, oil pressure, etc.) are permitted. The use of red color for an MI is prohibited.


3.5. Activation of malfunction indicator (MI)3.5.1. The OBD system shall incorporate a malfunction indicator readily perceivable to the vehicle operator. The MI shall not be used for any other purpose except to indicate emergency start-up or limp-home routines to the driver. The MI shall be visible in all reasonable lighting conditions. When activated, it shall display a symbol in conformity with ISO 2575 1/ A vehicle shall not be equipped with more than one general purpose MI for emission-related problems. Separate specific purpose telltales (e. g. brake system, fasten seat belt, oil pressure, etc.) are permitted. The use of red color for an MI is prohibited.

MIL is utilized only for emissionMIL is utilized only for emission--related problems !related problems !

36


3.7. Extinguishing the MI3.7.2. For all other malfunctions, the MI may be de-activated after three subsequent sequential driving cyclesduring which the monitoring system responsible for activating the MI ceases to detect the malfunction and if no other malfunction has been identified that would independently activate the MI.

3.8. Erasing a fault code3.8.1. The OBD system may erase a fault code and the distance travelled and freeze-frame information if the same fault is not re-registered in at least 40 engine warm-up cycles.


3.7. Extinguishing the MI3.7.2. For all other malfunctions, the MI may be de-activated after three subsequent sequential driving cyclesduring which the monitoring system responsible for activating the MI ceases to detect the malfunction and if no other malfunction has been identified that would independently activate the MI.

3.8. Erasing a fault code3.8.1. The OBD system may erase a fault code and the distance travelled and freeze-frame information if the same fault is not re-registered in at least 40 engine warm-up cycles.

Requirement for MIL OFF and Erasing Fault CodeRequirement for MIL OFF and Erasing Fault Code

A "driving cycle(DC)" consists of engine start-up, driving mode where a malfunction would be detected if present, and engine shut-off. ONON OFFOFF

1 driving cycle1 driving cycle

A "warm-up cycle(WC)" means sufficient vehicle operation such that the coolant temperature has risen by a least 22 K from engine starting and reaches a minimum temperature of 343 K (70 degrees C).

Warm up cycleWarm up cycle

▲▲22degC22degC70degC70degC

37

Requirement for MIL OFF and Erasing Fault CodeRequirement for MIL OFF and Erasing Fault Code

•• MIL OFFMIL OFF

OKOKOK OKOKOK OKOKOK OKOKOK

• Store “fault code”• Store “Freeze-frame data”• Store “fault code”• Store “Freeze-frame data”

OKOKOK….

1DC 2DC 3DC 4DC4DC 5WC

….

OKOKOK

38WC

OKOKOK

39WC

OKOKOK

40WC40WC

• Erase “fault code”• Erase “Freeze-frame data”•• Erase Erase ““fault codefault code””•• Erase Erase ““FreezeFreeze--frame dataframe data””

MILMILONON

OFFOFFONON

OFFOFFONON

OFFOFFONON

OFFOFFONON

OFFOFFONON

OFFOFF

ONONOFFOFF

ONONOFFOFF

ONONOFFOFF

three subsequent sequential driving cyclesthree subsequent sequential driving cycles

at least 40 engine warm-up cyclesat least 40 engine warm-up cycles

38


OBD Demonstration TestsOBD Demonstration Tests

39

Requirement for MIL On Limit

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS1. INTRODUCTION

This Appendix describes the procedure of the test according to paragraph 3. of Annex 11. The procedure describes a method for checking the function of the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system installed on the vehicle by failure simulation of relevant systems in the engine management or emission control system. It also sets procedures for determining the durability of OBD systems. The manufacturer shall make available the defective components and/or electrical devices which would be used to simulate failures. When measured over the Type I test cycle, such defective components or devices shall not cause the vehicle emissions to exceed the limits of paragraph 3.3.2. by more than 20 per cent.When the vehicle is tested with the defective component or device fitted, the OBD system is approved if the MI is activated. The OBD system is also approved if the MI is activated below the OBD threshold limits.


This Appendix describes the procedure of the test according to paragraph 3. of Annex 11. The procedure describes a method for checking the function of the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system installed on the vehicle by failure simulation of relevant systems in the engine management or emission control system. It also sets procedures for determining the durability of OBD systems. The manufacturer shall make available the defective components and/or electrical devices which would be used to simulate failures. When measured over the Type I test cycle, such defective components or devices shall not cause the vehicle emissions to exceed the limits of paragraph 3.3.2. by more than 20 per cent.When the vehicle is tested with the defective component or device fitted, the OBD system is approved if the MI is activated. The OBD system is also approved if the MI is activated below the OBD threshold limits.

Various Amount of Injector (Distances or years)

Em

issi

on L

evel

OBD Limit

ThresholdThresholdThreshold

MIL Limit (OBD limit X1.2)

Power-train Computer

Device A

Feed BackFeed BackFeed BackControlControlControl

InjectorInjector

ExampleExample

40

General Test Mode PatternGeneral Test Mode PatternGeneral Test Mode Pattern

OBD demonstration tests requirementOBD demonstration tests requirement

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS

2. DESCRIPTION OF TEST2.1. The testing of OBD systems consists of the following phases:

2.1.1. simulation of malfunction of a component of the engine management or emission control system,2.1.2. preconditioning of the vehicle with a simulated malfunction over preconditioning specified in paragraph 6.2.1. or paragraph 6.2.2. 2.1.3. driving the vehicle with a simulated malfunction over the Type I test cycle and measuring the emissions of the vehicle,2.1.4. determining whether the OBD system reacts to the simulated malfunction and indicates malfunction in an appropriate manner to the vehicle driver.

2.2. Alternatively, at the request of the manufacturer, malfunction of one or more components may be electronically simulated according to the requirements of paragraph 6. below.2.3. Manufacturers may request that monitoring take place outside the Type I test cycle if it can be demonstrated to the authority that monitoring during conditions encountered during the Type I test cycle would impose restrictive monitoring conditions when the vehicle is used in service.

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS

2. DESCRIPTION OF TEST2.1. The testing of OBD systems consists of the following phases:

2.1.1. simulation of malfunction of a component of the engine management or emission control system,2.1.2. preconditioning of the vehicle with a simulated malfunction over preconditioning specified in paragraph 6.2.1. or paragraph 6.2.2. 2.1.3. driving the vehicle with a simulated malfunction over the Type I test cycle and measuring the emissions of the vehicle,2.1.4. determining whether the OBD system reacts to the simulated malfunction and indicates malfunction in an appropriate manner to the vehicle driver.

2.2. Alternatively, at the request of the manufacturer, malfunction of one or more components may be electronically simulated according to the requirements of paragraph 6. below.2.3. Manufacturers may request that monitoring take place outside the Type I test cycle if it can be demonstrated to the authority that monitoring during conditions encountered during the Type I test cycle would impose restrictive monitoring conditions when the vehicle is used in service.

Emission measurementIn Type1Preconditioning on Type1

Soaking

SimulatorSimulatorSimulator SimulatorSimulatorSimulator

When does MIL light on ?When does MIL light on ?When does MIL light on ?

41

MIL on TimingMIL on Timing


…... When measured over the Type I test cycle, such defective components or devices shall not cause the vehicle emissions to exceed the limits of paragraph 3.3.2. by more than 20 per cent.………..


…... When measured over the Type I test cycle, such defective components or devices shall not cause the vehicle emissions to exceed the limits of paragraph 3.3.2. by more than 20 per cent.………..

Requirement 1Requirement 1Requirement 1

Manufacturer can decide the timing by themselves !Manufacturer can decide the timing by themselves !Manufacturer can decide the timing by themselves !

Emission measurementIn Type1

Preconditioning on Type1

Annex 11 - Appendix 1 FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE6.4. OBD system test

6.4.1. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines:……The MI shall activate before the end of this test under any of the conditions given in paragraphs 6.4.1.2. to 6.4.1.5…...

Annex 11 - Appendix 1 FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE6.4. OBD system test

6.4.1. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines:……The MI shall activate before the end of this test under any of the conditions given in paragraphs 6.4.1.2. to 6.4.1.5…...

Requirement 2Requirement 2Requirement 2

42

• Storing “fault code” to power-train computer• Storing “Freeze-frame data” to power-train computer• Storing “fault code” to power-train computer• Storing “Freeze-frame data” to power-train computer

Repair Shop

General MIL ON strategy by ManufacturesGeneral MIL ON strategy by Manufactures

Defined by the malfunction as Defined by the malfunction as 1 driving cycle1 driving cycle because of because of ““unun--safetysafety”” and and ““irreversible damageirreversible damage””

MalfunctionMalfunction

Defined by the malfunction as Defined by the malfunction as 2 driving cycle2 driving cycle to confirm to confirm ““certain malfunctioncertain malfunction”” and and ““deteriorationdeterioration””

• Storing “Temporary code” to power-train computer• Storing “Temporary code” to power-train computer

Repair Shop

• Storing “fault code” to power-train computer• Storing “Freeze-frame data” to power-train computer• Storing “fault code” to power-train computer• Storing “Freeze-frame data” to power-train computer

ONON

ONON ONONOFFOFF

43

OBD Demonstration Test VehicleOBD Demonstration Test Vehicle

OBD Test vehicle for Type-Approval choice:

1. Type5 Durability test vehicle

2. Suitable aged vehicle

3. Representative vehicle

OBD Test vehicle for Type-Approval choice:

1. Type5 Durability test vehicle

2. Suitable aged vehicle

3. Representative vehicle

Also as Also as ““alternative methodalternative method””;;

In spite of 80,000km aged vehicle(Type V), 3,000km aged vehicle can be available for OBD Demonstration Test. However, emission result calculation must be include “Fixed DF”.In spite of 80,000km aged In spite of 80,000km aged vehicle(Typevehicle(Type V), 3,000km aged vehicle can be available for OBD V), 3,000km aged vehicle can be available for OBD Demonstration Test. However, Demonstration Test. However, emission result calculation must be include “Fixed DF”.

In spite of 80,000km aged vehicle, 3,000km aged vehicle can be available for OBD Demonstration Test. However typical deteriorated components must be amounted. For example, deteriorated catalyst.

In spite of 80,000km aged vehicle, 3,000km aged vehicle can be aIn spite of 80,000km aged vehicle, 3,000km aged vehicle can be available for OBD Demonstration vailable for OBD Demonstration Test. However Test. However typical deteriorated components must be amounted. For example, deteriorated . For example, deteriorated catalyst. catalyst. ※ Type approval authority must judge with relevant engineering data.


3.3. Description of tests3.3.1. The test are carried out on the vehicle used for the Type V durability test, given in Annex VIII, and using the test procedure in Appendix I to this Annex. Tests are carried out at the conclusion of the Type V durability testing. When no Type V durability testing is carried out, or at the request of the manufacturer, a suitably aged and representative vehicle may be used for these OBD demonstration tests.


3.3. Description of tests3.3.1. The test are carried out on the vehicle used for the Type V durability test, given in Annex VIII, and using the test procedure in Appendix I to this Annex. Tests are carried out at the conclusion of the Type V durability testing. When no Type V durability testing is carried out, or at the request of the manufacturer, a suitably aged and representative vehicle may be used for these OBD demonstration tests.

44

Preconditioning for OBD Demonstration TestPreconditioning for OBD Demonstration TestBasic test conditions are completely same with Type1 test in Annex4.

However, “Preconditioning cycle” is specialized as ;Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE in Appendix1 of Annex11

6.2.1. According to the engine type and after introduction of one of the failure modes given in paragraph 6.3., the vehicle shall be preconditioned by driving at least two consecutive Type I tests (Parts One and Two). For compression-ignition engined vehicles an additional preconditioning of two Part Two cycles is permitted.6.2.2. At the request of the manufacturer, alternative preconditioning methods may be used.

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE in Appendix1 of Annex11

6.2.1. According to the engine type and after introduction of one of the failure modes given in paragraph 6.3., the vehicle shall be preconditioned by driving at least two consecutive Type I tests (Parts One and Two). For compression-ignition engined vehicles an additional preconditioning of two Part Two cycles is permitted.6.2.2. At the request of the manufacturer, alternative preconditioning methods may be used.

or

provide dataprovide dataengineering evaluationengineering evaluationDescribed in 3.5.2. of Annex11

UnacceptableUnacceptableDescribed in 3.5.2. of Annex11

Preconditioning on Type1

2DC2DC

Equivalent alternative preconditioning??

…3DC or more3DC or more

…10DC or more10DC or more

45

Requirement of OBD Demonstration TestsRequirement of OBD Demonstration Tests

Annex 11ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.3. Description of tests3.3.3. Monitoring requirements for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines

3.3.3.1. The catalytic converter with respect to the emissions of HC only. (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.2. The presence of engine misfire. (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.3. Oxygen sensor deterioration (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.4. Any other emission-related component (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.5. Any other emission-related power train component connected to a computer must be monitored for circuit continuity.3.3.3.6. The electronic evaporative emission purge control must, at a minimum, be monitored for circuit continuity.

Annex 11ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.3. Description of tests3.3.3. Monitoring requirements for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines

3.3.3.1. The catalytic converter with respect to the emissions of HC only. (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.2. The presence of engine misfire. (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.3. Oxygen sensor deterioration (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.4. Any other emission-related component (exceed OBD Limit)3.3.3.5. Any other emission-related power train component connected to a computer must be monitored for circuit continuity.3.3.3.6. The electronic evaporative emission purge control must, at a minimum, be monitored for circuit continuity.

1. Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis1. Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis1. Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis

2. Misfiring Diagnosis2. Misfiring Diagnosis2. Misfiring Diagnosis

3. O2 Sensor Diagnosis3. O2 Sensor Diagnosis3. O2 Sensor Diagnosis

4. Input/Output sensors Diagnosis4. Input/Output sensors Diagnosis4. Input/Output sensors Diagnosis※depens on Manufacture (ex. Intake Manifold Pressure sensor, EGR system, Secondary Air Injection system……)

5. Evapo.Purge control valve Diagnosis5. 5. Evapo.PurgeEvapo.Purge control valve Diagnosiscontrol valve Diagnosis

3.3.5 Manufacturers demonstrate that certain components or systems need NOT be monitored if, in the event of their total failure or removal, emissions do not exceed the emission limits given in 3.3.2.

3.3.5 Manufacturers demonstrate that certain components or systems need NOT be monitored if, in the event of their total failure or removal, emissions do not exceed the emission limits given in 3.3.2.

Note;

※ Type-Approval authority must confirm the provided data and/or demonstration test, when manufacturer requests 3.3.5 above.

46

Methods for OBD demonstration testsMethods for OBD demonstration tests

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE6.3. Failure modes to be tested

6.3.1. Positive-ignition engined vehicles:6.3.1.1. Replacement of the catalyst with a deteriorated or defective catalyst or electronic simulationof such a failure.6.3.1.2. Engine misfire conditions according to the conditions for misfire monitoring given in paragraph 3.3.3.2. of Annex 11.6.3.1.3. Replacement of the oxygen sensor with a deteriorated or defective oxygen sensor or electronic simulation of such a failure.6.3.1.4. Electrical disconnection of any other emission-related component connected to a power-train management computer (if active on the selected fuel type).6.3.1.5. Electrical disconnection of the electronic evaporative purge control device (if equipped and if active on the selected fuel type). For this specific failure mode, the Type I test need not be performed.

Annex 11 - Appendix 1FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC (OBD) SYSTEMS6. OBD TEST PROCEDURE6.3. Failure modes to be tested

6.3.1. Positive-ignition engined vehicles:6.3.1.1. Replacement of the catalyst with a deteriorated or defective catalyst or electronic simulationof such a failure.6.3.1.2. Engine misfire conditions according to the conditions for misfire monitoring given in paragraph 3.3.3.2. of Annex 11.6.3.1.3. Replacement of the oxygen sensor with a deteriorated or defective oxygen sensor or electronic simulation of such a failure.6.3.1.4. Electrical disconnection of any other emission-related component connected to a power-train management computer (if active on the selected fuel type).6.3.1.5. Electrical disconnection of the electronic evaporative purge control device (if equipped and if active on the selected fuel type). For this specific failure mode, the Type I test need not be performed.

6.4. OBD system test6.4.1. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines:

6.4.1.1. After vehicle preconditioning according to paragraph 6.2., the test vehicle is driven over a Type I test (Parts One and Two).The MI shall activate before the end of this test under any of the conditions given in paragraphs 6.4.1.2. to 6.4.1.5. The technical service may substitute those conditions by others in accordance with paragraph 6.4.1.6. However, the total number of failures simulated shall not exceed four (4) for the purpose of type approval.

6.4. OBD system test6.4.1. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines:

6.4.1.1. After vehicle preconditioning according to paragraph 6.2., the test vehicle is driven over a Type I test (Parts One and Two).The MI shall activate before the end of this test under any of the conditions given in paragraphs 6.4.1.2. to 6.4.1.5. The technical service may substitute those conditions by others in accordance with paragraph 6.4.1.6. However, the total number of failures simulated shall not exceed four (4) for the purpose of type approval.

OBD demonstration Tests and ToolsOBD demonstration Tests and Tools

6. Other Diagnosis

5. Evapo.Purge control valve Diagnosis

4. Input/Out sensor Diagnosis

3. O2 sensor Diagnosis

2. Misfiring Diagnosis

1. Catalyst Diagnosis

NANANAFunction and/or circuit checkElectronic device

NANANALeak and/or purge defectEvaporation system

NANANAInjector of function/circuit check2nd Air Injection

SimulatorSimulatorAvailableAmount of over-rich & over-leanFuel system

SimulatorSimulatorAvailableLow Flow-rateEGR system

SimulatorSimulatorAvailableSensor un-activeCircuit check

O2 sensor

SimulatorSimulatorAvailableUnique/multi-cylinder misfiringMisfiring

Deteriorated Deteriorated catalystcatalystAvailableCatalyst Deterioration Catalytic converter

OBD Test OBD Test ToolsTools*2*2

Emission Emission MeasureMeasure*1*1MalfunctionsMalfunctionsMonitor DevicesMonitor Devices

*1; not necessary when emission does NOT exceed OBD limit, and dependence of each manufacturer’s strategy.*2; methods and/or tools are dependence on manufacturers.

In according to Appendix1 in Annex 11, demonstration tests are defined as follows. (minimum request)

Note;

48

Required tools for OBD Tests Required tools for OBD Tests –– Catalyst Monitor Catalyst Monitor --

Front CatalystFront Catalyst

Rear CatalystRear Catalyst

Manufacture strategy !•by Heating Impact•by Chemical Impact

Deteriorated catalyst

※ In case of combined catalyst, front catalyst must be deteriorated in prior to the rear catalyst. Therefore, the rear catalyst may be full-useful aged catalyst. It depends on manufacturer strategy.

Normal catalyst

Removing “normal catalyst” (3 or more hours approx.)Removing Removing ““normal catalystnormal catalyst”” (3 or more hours approx.)(3 or more hours approx.)

Attaching “Deteriorated catalyst”(2 or more hours approx.)※ 2 sets catalysts are mounted in V-type engine.

Attaching Attaching ““Deteriorated catalystDeteriorated catalyst””(2 or more hours approx.)(2 or more hours approx.)※※ 2 sets catalysts are mounted in 2 sets catalysts are mounted in VV--type engine. type engine.

Cooling down

Exchanging

49

Required tools for OBD Tests Required tools for OBD Tests –– O2 sensor Monitor O2 sensor Monitor --

Power-trainComputer

time

AF

out

put

3. delay

1. Slope(⇧)2. Slope(⇩)

Simulator BoxSimulator Box

Simulated malfunctionA; large slopeB; small slopeC; response delay

Simulated malfunctionSimulated malfunctionA; large slopeA; large slopeB; small slopeB; small slopeC; response delayC; response delay

Normal O2 sensorNormal O2 sensor Engine ControlEngine Control

Regarding to “O2 sensor” demonstration, “electrical simulator” is utilized to modify the sensor signal !Simulated malfunctions are three types currently.

Regarding to “O2 sensor” demonstration, “electrical simulator” is utilized to modify the sensor signal !Simulated malfunctions are three types currently.

※ “The method” depends on Manufacture. It is required to confirm the principle and procedure before the test.

50

Required tools for OBD Tests Required tools for OBD Tests –– Misfiring Misfiring --

BangBang

Bang

Regarding to “Misfiring” demonstration, “electrical simulator” is utilized to generate no-igniting condition !Simulated malfunctions are “single-order misfiring”.

Regarding to “Misfiring” demonstration, “electrical simulator” is utilized to generate no-igniting condition !Simulated malfunctions are “single-order misfiring”.

Crank-angle sensor

Power-trainComputer

NoNo--signal (skipping)signal (skipping)

Normal signalNormal signal

chatteringchattering

•Misfiring

Simulation BoxSimulation Box

※ “Misfiring method” depends on Manufacture. It is required to confirm the principle and procedure before the test.

51


Tests PlanningTests Planning

52

Minimum OBD TypeMinimum OBD Type--Approval Test PlanApproval Test Plan

55thth dayday

44thth dayday

33rdrd dayday

22ndnd dayday

1st day1st dayInitial MeetingInitial Meeting

Replacing CatalystReplacing Catalyst

PrePre--conditioningconditioning

SoakingSoaking

Emission Emission TestTest

Initial Initial MeetingMeeting Replacing CatalystReplacing Catalyst


SoakingSoaking

PreparePrepare


Initial Initial MeetingMeeting


SoakingSoaking

PreparePrepare


Initial Initial MeetingMeeting

Circuit Circuit Monitor Monitor

Prepare

Final MeetingFinal Meeting

In the morningIn the morning In the afternoonIn the afternoon

Reporting Reporting

Catalyst Diagnosis Test

Catalyst Diagnosis Catalyst Diagnosis TestTest

O2 Sensor Diagnosis Test

O2O2 Sensor Diagnosis Sensor Diagnosis TestTest

Misfire Diagnosis TestMisfire Diagnosis TestMisfire Diagnosis Test

Circuit Diagnosis TestCircuit Diagnosis TestCircuit Diagnosis Test

53

Test Plan example for Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis <1Test Plan example for Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis <1stst day>day>

Replace “deteriorated catalyst” with normal catalystReplace “deteriorated catalyst” with normal catalyst•By manufacturer•At maintenance area with lifter•For 3 hours (dependence on vehicle type)

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratory and provide the emission testFor 1hour (vehicle on chassis dynamometer and its setting, preparation of emission analyzer)

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratory and provide the emission testFor 1hour (vehicle on chassis dynamometer and its setting, preparation of emission analyzer)

Depending on authority and manufacture.Especially for new technology and test procedure confirmation.

Confirmation of relevant test vehicle before starting OBD test.

Catalyst in test vehicle must be replaced in while engine is under atmospheric condition.Depends on vehicle type, it will take a couple of hours or more.

The procedure must be as same as Type1 test.

In preconditioning, MIL would be lighted-on in some vehicles. It’s dependence of numbers and its method of the preconditioning drive.

Fault code when MIL is lighted on or temporary code will be confirmed by manufacture.

“Initial meeting” between authorityr and manufacture“Initial meeting” between authorityr and manufacture•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure•Vehicle technology•Laboratory Inspection•ID check

*if required

Start pre-conditioning ( consecutive 2 NEDC mode at least)Start pre-conditioning ( consecutive 2 NEDC mode at least)

…….Up to 10 times

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computerConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computer *if required

Confirm diagnosis result in “power-train computer”, and soak after the test vehicle move out from the laboratory Confirm diagnosis result in “power-train computer”, and soak after the test vehicle move out from the laboratory

54

Test Plan example for Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis <2Test Plan example for Deteriorated Catalyst Diagnosis <2ndnd day>day>

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratory and provide the emission testFor 0.5hour (vehicle on chassis dynamometer and its setting, preparation of emission analyzer)

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratory and provide the emission testFor 0.5hour (vehicle on chassis dynamometer and its setting, preparation of emission analyzer)

Depending on manufacture and administrator.Especially for new technology and test procedure confirmation, it is meaning.

Fault code when MIL is lighted on must be confirmed.

Start Emission TestStart Emission Test


Confirm as its emission level is lower than OBD limit X 1.2 only for HC componentConfirm as its emission level is lower than OBD limit X 1.2 only for HC component

Confirm MIL lighted on and fault code with generic scan toolConfirm MIL lighted on and fault code with generic scan tool

“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure

*if required

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest resultConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest result *if required

55

Test Plan example for Deteriorated O2 sensor Diagnosis 1/3Test Plan example for Deteriorated O2 sensor Diagnosis 1/3

“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure•Vehicle technology•Laboratory Inspection•ID check

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and clear “ex-learning result” in the power-train computer, for O2 sensor, to maintain proper condition.


Control system must be required “Self-Learning” for “O2 sensor” againControl system must be required “Self-Learning” for “O2 sensor” again•By manufacturer•For 0.5 hours driving (dependence on vehicle type)


This procedure must depends on manufacture and/or vehicle type.

As stored parameters have been reset in the second step, the initial learning process for O2 sensor must be required.

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computerConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computer


Settle “O2 simulator” or “deteriorated O2 sensor” to the vehicle, and adjust the proper parameter defined by manufacturerSettle “O2 simulator” or “deteriorated O2 sensor” to the vehicle, and adjust the proper parameter defined by manufacturer

Require conformity of this type in advance because of depending on manufacture.

*if required

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratorySettle test vehicle to emission laboratory The procedure must be as same as Type1 test.

*if required

*if required

*if required

56





Fault code when MIL is lighted on or temporary code will be confirmed by manufacture.*if required

…….10 times

57


“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest resultConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest result

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratory and provide the emission testFor 0.5hours (vehicle on chassis dynamometer and its setting, preparation of emission analyzer)







Confirm its emission level lower than OBD limit X 1.2 for all componentsConfirm its emission level lower than OBD limit X 1.2 for all components

*if required

*if required

58

Test flow example for Misfiring Diagnosis 1/3Test flow example for Misfiring Diagnosis 1/3

“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure•Vehicle technology•Laboratory Inspection•ID check



Control system must be required “Self-Learning” for “O2 sensor” againControl system must be required “Self-Learning” for “O2 sensor” again

•By manufacturer•For 0.5 hours driving(dependence on vehicle type)


This procedure must depends on manufacture and/or vehicle type.

As stored parameters have been reset in the second step, the initial learning process for O2 sensor must be required.

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computerConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and reset “ex-diagnosed result” in the power-train computer


Settle “Misfire Simulator” to the vehicle, and adjust the proper parameter defined by manufacturerSettle “Misfire Simulator” to the vehicle, and adjust the proper parameter defined by manufacturer

Require conformity of this type in advance because of depending on manufacture.

*if required

Settle test vehicle to emission laboratorySettle test vehicle to emission laboratory The procedure must be as same as Type1 test.

*if required

*if required

*if required

59

Test Plan example for Misfiring Diagnosis 2/3Test Plan example for Misfiring Diagnosis 2/3




Fault code when MIL is lighted on or temporary code will be confirmed by manufacture.*if required

…….10 times

60

Test Plan example for Misfiring Diagnosis 3/3Test Plan example for Misfiring Diagnosis 3/3

“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture“Initial meeting” between administrator and manufacture

•Double-check of test plan•Test procedure

Connect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest resultConnect “Generic Scan Tool” to the vehicle, and double-check the latest result








Confirm its emission level lower than OBD limit X 1.2 for all componentsConfirm its emission level lower than OBD limit X 1.2 for all components

*if required

*if required

61

OBD TypeOBD Type--Approval in UNECE83/05Approval in UNECE83/05

OBD FamilyOBD Family

62

About OBD FamilyAbout OBD Family

Annex 11 - Appendix 2 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE FAMILY2. To this end, those vehicle types whose parameters described below are identical are considered to belong to the same

engine/emission control/OBD system combination.Engine:

(a) Combustion process (i.e. positive-ignition, compression-ignition, two-stroke, four-stroke),(b) method of engine fuelling (i.e. carburettor or fuel injection).

Emission control system:(a) type of catalytic converter (i.e. oxidation, three-way, heated catalyst, other),(b) type of particulate trap,(c) secondary air injection (i.e. with or without),(d) exhaust gas recirculation (i.e. with or without)

OBD parts and functioning.the methods of OBD functional monitoring, malfunction detection and malfunction indication to the vehicle driver.

Annex 11 - Appendix 2 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEHICLE FAMILY2. To this end, those vehicle types whose parameters described below are identical are considered to belong to the same

engine/emission control/OBD system combination.Engine:

(a) Combustion process (i.e. positive-ignition, compression-ignition, two-stroke, four-stroke),(b) method of engine fuelling (i.e. carburettor or fuel injection).

Emission control system:(a) type of catalytic converter (i.e. oxidation, three-way, heated catalyst, other),(b) type of particulate trap,(c) secondary air injection (i.e. with or without),(d) exhaust gas recirculation (i.e. with or without)

OBD parts and functioning.the methods of OBD functional monitoring, malfunction detection and malfunction indication to the vehicle driver.

OBD must be evaluated based on “emission control system” as like type of components, devices, and their OBD logic !OBD must be evaluated based on OBD must be evaluated based on ““emission control systememission control system”” as like type of components, as like type of components, devices, and their OBD logic !devices, and their OBD logic !

EGR PCSO2 sensorMisfiringCatalyst

OBD functional monitoring

2nd air injection

Particulate trap

Converter type

Fueling method

Combustion process

Emission control systemEngineOBD

FamilyVehicle

Type

OBD Family Table ExampleOBD Family Table Example

63


OBD COPOBD COP

64

COP Program for OBDCOP Program for OBD

Appendix 3 IN-SERVICE CONFORMITY CHECK2.2. The vehicle shall have been in service for at least 15,000 km or 6 months, whichever is the later, and for no more than 80,000 km or 5 years, whichever is the sooner.

3. DIAGNOSIS AND MAINTENANCE3.2. The OBD system shall be checked for proper functioning. Any malfunction indications in the OBD memory shall be recorded and the requisite repairs shall be carried out. If the OBD malfunction indicator registers a malfunction during a preconditioning cycle, the fault may be identified and repaired. The test may be re-run and the results of that repaired vehicle used.

4. IN-SERVICE TESTING4.2. Vehicles equipped with an OBD system may be checked for proper in-service functionality of the malfunction indication, etc., in relation to levels of emissions (e.g. the malfunction indication limits defined in Annex 11 to this Regulation) for the type approved specifications.4.3. The OBD system may be checked, for example, for levels of emissions above the applicable limit values with no malfunction indication, systematic erroneous activation of the malfunction indication and identified faulty or deteriorated components in the OBD system.

Appendix 3 IN-SERVICE CONFORMITY CHECK2.2. The vehicle shall have been in service for at least 15,000 km or 6 months, whichever is the later, and for no more than 80,000 km or 5 years, whichever is the sooner.

3. DIAGNOSIS AND MAINTENANCE3.2. The OBD system shall be checked for proper functioning. Any malfunction indications in the OBD memory shall be recorded and the requisite repairs shall be carried out. If the OBD malfunction indicator registers a malfunction during a preconditioning cycle, the fault may be identified and repaired. The test may be re-run and the results of that repaired vehicle used.

4. IN-SERVICE TESTING4.2. Vehicles equipped with an OBD system may be checked for proper in-service functionality of the malfunction indication, etc., in relation to levels of emissions (e.g. the malfunction indication limits defined in Annex 11 to this Regulation) for the type approved specifications.4.3. The OBD system may be checked, for example, for levels of emissions above the applicable limit values with no malfunction indication, systematic erroneous activation of the malfunction indication and identified faulty or deteriorated components in the OBD system.

Requirement ;• to confirm recorded OBD information• to confirm if OBD monitoring functions correctly work. Upon request, demonstration test can be carried out.

Requirement ;Requirement ;• to confirm recorded OBD information• to confirm if OBD monitoring functions correctly work. Upon request, demonstration test can be carried out.

65

1. To confirm recorded OBD information

Regarding to COP OBD, two purposes have been described;

2. To confirm if OBD monitoring functions correctly work, and demonstration tests.

To judge test vehicle by OBD recorded information. We can know what kind of malfunction is recorded, what device has malfunction easily and efficiently, with General Scan Tool.

OBD demonstration tests in COP( including of in-service conformity check) might be effective to find high emitter vehicle. But,…….

Authorities, even in European and US, have NOT required “OBD demonstration tests”, just check MIL ON or not. It will be enough to confirm “Readiness data”(service$01 ISO-standard) as one of solutions.

Authorities, even in European and US, have NOT required “OBD demonstration tests”, just check MIL ON or not. It will be enough to confirm “Readiness data”(service$01 ISO-standard) as one of solutions.

Consideration of demonstration Test in COP ?Consideration of demonstration Test in COP ?

•1st priority for “OBD conformity” must be “to alert a driver malfunction!”=(monitor must be working correctly).•Spend a week or more to be carried out for all legal demonstration tests of all manufacturers and vehicle types.

•1st priority for “OBD conformity” must be “to alert a driver malfunction!”=(monitor must be working correctly).•Spend a week or more to be carried out for all legal demonstration tests of all manufacturers and vehicle types.

ConcernsConcernsConcerns

66


Misfiring RequirementsMisfiring Requirements

67

Detail requirement for Misfiring monitor


3.3. Description of tests3.3.3. Monitoring requirements for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines3.3.3.2. the presence of engine misfire in the engine operating region bounded by the following lines:

(a) a maximum speed of 4,500 min-1 or 1,000 min-1 greater than the highest speed occurring during a Type I test cycle, whichever is the lower;(b) the positive torque line (i.e. engine load with the transmission in neutral);(c) a line joining the following engine operating points: the positive torque line at 3,000 min-1 and a point on the maximum speed line defined in (a) above with the engine's manifold vacuum at 13.33 kPa lower than that at the positive torque line.

3.5. Activation of malfunction indicator (MI)3.5.2. The MI must operate in a distinct warning mode, e.g. a flashing light, under any period during which engine misfire occurs at a level likely to cause catalyst damage, as specified by the manufacturer.


3.3. Description of tests3.3.3. Monitoring requirements for vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines3.3.3.2. the presence of engine misfire in the engine operating region bounded by the following lines:

(a) a maximum speed of 4,500 min-1 or 1,000 min-1 greater than the highest speed occurring during a Type I test cycle, whichever is the lower;(b) the positive torque line (i.e. engine load with the transmission in neutral);(c) a line joining the following engine operating points: the positive torque line at 3,000 min-1 and a point on the maximum speed line defined in (a) above with the engine's manifold vacuum at 13.33 kPa lower than that at the positive torque line.

3.5. Activation of malfunction indicator (MI)3.5.2. The MI must operate in a distinct warning mode, e.g. a flashing light, under any period during which engine misfire occurs at a level likely to cause catalyst damage, as specified by the manufacturer.

68

Detail requirement for Misfiring monitor

(a) 4,500rpm or Type1 max + 1,000rpm, whichever is the lower;(b) the positive torque line (i.e. engine load with the transmission in neutral);(c) red line between 3,000rpm and (a) + 13.33 kPa.

Monitor Monitor ConditionsConditions

Misfiring % must be defined by manufacture as like exceeding OBDlimit.Exceed OBD limitExceed OBD limit

Misfiring % must be defined by manufacture as like irreversible damage to the catalyst.Catalyst damageCatalyst damage

CriteriaCriteria

To monitor the misfiring for catalyst serious damageTo monitor the misfiring led to exceeded OBD emission limit

However, distinction between single and multi-cylinder must be stored to the computer, if cylinder-identification is not implemented.

RequirementsRequirements

3000rpm

13kPa

Positive torque line

Misfiring DetectionMisfiring Detection(Positive torque region)(Positive torque region)

Engine Revolution

In-m

anifo

ld P

ress

ure

[kPa

]

-100

WOT

4500rpm or max in Type1+1000rpmWhichever lower

%8.5100 =×

×=

100058 ex.

100 ignitings of numbersmisfirings of numbers% Misfiring

69


DisableDisable Conditions & DeficiencyConditions & Deficiency

70

Disable Condition for OBD monitoring Disable Condition for OBD monitoring

For misfiring monitor, in punishing road, in shifting gear, justFor misfiring monitor, in punishing road, in shifting gear, just after cranking after cranking engine to prevent misdiagnosisengine to prevent misdiagnosis

in in PTO(PowerPTO(Power TakeTake--Off) operationOff) operationless than 20% fuel of the tankless than 20% fuel of the tankat elevations over 2,500 m above sea levelat elevations over 2,500 m above sea level

at ambient engine starting temperatures below 266 degrees K (at ambient engine starting temperatures below 266 degrees K (--7 degrees C)7 degrees C)(Other ambient temperature may be required if submitting data an(Other ambient temperature may be required if submitting data and/or an engineer evaluation.)d/or an engineer evaluation.)

Disable Conditions

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.2.1. Temporary disablement of the OBD system

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES3. REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS3.2.1. Temporary disablement of the OBD system

※ It is required for manufacture to submit data and/or an engineering evaluation.

In according to the follows, manufacture can request to make OBDIn according to the follows, manufacture can request to make OBD monitoring disable temporally.monitoring disable temporally.

Authority has to judge if the manufacture evaluations and/or explanations lead to reliability and compliance based on real world situation.Authority has to judge if the manufacture evaluations and/or expAuthority has to judge if the manufacture evaluations and/or explanations lead to reliability lanations lead to reliability and compliance based on real world situation.and compliance based on real world situation.

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Deficiency Requirement

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES4. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE TYPE-APPROVAL OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS

4.1. A manufacturer may request to the authority that an OBD system be accepted for type-approval even though the system contains one or more deficiencies such that the specific requirements of this annex are not fully met.4.2. In considering the request, the authority shall determine whether compliance with the requirements of this annex is infeasible or unreasonable……..

4.2.1. The authority will not accept any deficiency request that includes the complete lack of a required diagnostic monitor.4.2.2. The authority will not accept any deficiency request that does not respect the OBD threshold limits in paragraph 3.3.2.

Annex 11 ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS (OBD) FOR MOTOR VEHICLES4. REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE TYPE-APPROVAL OF ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS

4.1. A manufacturer may request to the authority that an OBD system be accepted for type-approval even though the system contains one or more deficiencies such that the specific requirements of this annex are not fully met.4.2. In considering the request, the authority shall determine whether compliance with the requirements of this annex is infeasible or unreasonable……..

4.2.1. The authority will not accept any deficiency request that includes the complete lack of a required diagnostic monitor.4.2.2. The authority will not accept any deficiency request that does not respect the OBD threshold limits in paragraph 3.3.2.

OBD system be accepted for type-approval even though the system contains one or more deficienciesDeficiencyDeficiency

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Deficiency RequirementDeficiency Requirement

Two years since type-approval dateThree years since type-approval date (required proper explanations)

if adequately demonstrated that substantial vehicle hardware modifications and additional lead-time beyond two years

Deficiency periodDeficiency period

not accept any deficiency request that does not respect the OBD threshold limits

not accept any deficiency request that includes the complete lack of a required diagnostic monitorRefusing of Refusing of

deficiencydeficiency

Deficiency reasonable judgment parametersDeficiency reasonable judgment parameters

• technical feasibility• lead time• production cycles including phase-in or phase-out of engines• production cycles of vehicle designs• programmed upgrades of computers• the manufacturer’s effort towards compliance with the requirements of this Regulation.

•• technical feasibilitytechnical feasibility•• lead timelead time•• production cycles including phaseproduction cycles including phase--in or phasein or phase--out of enginesout of engines•• production cycles of vehicle designsproduction cycles of vehicle designs•• programmed upgrades of computersprogrammed upgrades of computers•• the manufacturerthe manufacturer’’s effort towards compliance with the requirements of this Regulas effort towards compliance with the requirements of this Regulation.tion.

How can authority judge deficiency with these parameters ?

Required “Technical Judgment”Required Required ““Technical JudgmentTechnical Judgment””

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Summary & ProposalSummary & Proposal

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Summarized ISSUES to introduce OBD CertificationSummarized ISSUES to introduce OBD Certification

ISSUESISSUES OBD SystemOBD System

MarketMarket

How is Fair judgment criteria for MIL on?→ Required “Engineering Judgment” about emission control system and OBD strategy.

How are “diagnostic tools” ?→ They depends on Manufactures. Required recognition of Manufacturer’s proposals.→ It is impossible to be provided all tools by authority-self.

FuelFuelHow is fuel specification in the market ?→ required “controlling” and “governing” it in the market→ alternative fuel should be another story

ServiceService

How is “Repair Information”, understanding it ?→ required an organization to educate about “what is OBD?”, and “How can be the information utilized?”OBD strategy skill→ required to increase OBD skill totally. “Grade system”could be better for repair shop and dealer shop.

legislationlegislation

TechnologyTechnology

To introduce OBD legislation led to some issues.To introduce OBD legislation led to some issues.

Are you ready ?Are you ready ?

FuelFuelHow can consumer understand about MIL?→ educating and distributing of “MIL acknowledge” with web-site and service-book

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Proposals/Recommendations in OBD TypeProposals/Recommendations in OBD Type--Approval testApproval test

Demonstration Tests can be performed in Invited Test (at manufacture lab.) because of the tool operations and detail technical supports.Demonstration Tests can be performed in Invited Test (at manufacDemonstration Tests can be performed in Invited Test (at manufacture lab.) because of the ture lab.) because of the tool operations and detail technical supports.tool operations and detail technical supports.

Considering of effective and feasible OBD tests, company data (test results with validation) can be also acceptable.Considering of effective and feasible OBD tests, company data (tConsidering of effective and feasible OBD tests, company data (test results with validation) est results with validation) can be also acceptable.can be also acceptable.

Implemented tests in homologation event might be involved only “New OBD strategy”.Implemented tests in homologation event might be involved only Implemented tests in homologation event might be involved only ““New OBD strategyNew OBD strategy””..

Considering of the invited period and authority’s obligations, demonstration tests might be limited as like two items in a homologation event.Considering of the invited period and authorityConsidering of the invited period and authority’’s obligations, demonstration tests might be s obligations, demonstration tests might be limited as like two items in a homologation event.limited as like two items in a homologation event.

and/orand/or

and/orand/or

Location of test implementationLocation of test implementationLocation of test implementation

Implemented test itemsImplemented test itemsImplemented test items

Some discussion with manufacture in prior to the type-approval test could be better solution, how to do.Fair judgment based on;

•Compliance•Manufacturer’s system•Market situation•Discussion with other authorities

Some discussion with manufacture in prior to the typeSome discussion with manufacture in prior to the type--approval test could be approval test could be better solution, how to do.better solution, how to do.Fair judgment based on;Fair judgment based on;

••ComplianceCompliance••ManufacturerManufacturer’’s systems system••Market situationMarket situation••Discussion with other authoritiesDiscussion with other authorities

FinFin

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Closing Remark

14th Asia Expert Meeting on Noise and On-Board Diagnostic System Regulations

on

August 8, 2008

Fortune Room, Grand Mercure Fortune Bangkok Hotel, BANGKOK, Thailand

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

On behalf of Engineering and Safety Bureau, Department of

Land Transport, I would like to express many thanks to

everyone who contributed to this gathering to make this meeting

happened.

Thank you JASIC for your great supports and your strong will and your educative presentations over the past 2 days, trying to make difficult stuffs like ECE Regulations to be more understandable. You have done a great job on that.

Thank you all the participants for your attention, in my opinion your presence here has shown us how important you view this meeting, the desire for strengthen your knowledge on the ECE Regulations and the desire to support international harmonization of automobile technical standards.

Finally, I cannot forget to thank our best friends, the industries, TAIA, and so on for your long-time invaluable contribution to our activities not only just this meeting but every activity. Without your support, this meeting couldn’t have been this successful.

I have to apologize for any inconvenience that might occur during the meeting. I hope you will have a safe journey back to your country and keep this memory as long as we will meet again next time.

Thank you.