Surrealism

Early 20th Century

Origin

The movement originated in Paris early in the twentieth century and it's influence was seen across the arts; in writing, painting and sculpture. Surrealism was one of the most influential movements in the 1920s and 1930s.

Influence

André Breton founded the Surrealist movement in literature.

Sigmund Freud’s ideas on psychoanalysis and importance of dreams were a major influence. (‘The Interpretation of Dreams’ 1900)

Society was between two world wars.

Main Artists

Joan Miró (1893-1983)

Max Ernst (1891-1976)

René Magritte (1898-1967)

Salvador Dali (1904-1989)

Key Ideas

Surrealism provided an alternative to international abstract art

The Surrealist movement was a liberation and exploration of the subconscious mind.

The Surrealist painters did not conform to any set style of technique or subject.

Approaches

There were two basic approaches to Surrealist painting. 1. The first approach was 'automatism'......where

the artist drew freely. Miró painted this way.

2. The second approach was with the careful, realistic painting of scenes that made no rational sense. Dali and Magritte used this approach.

Born in Barcelona in 1893 Studied in Escuela de Bellas

Artesian de Francesco Galí Influenced by Masson,

Tzara, Breton He influence Arshile Gorky Won Venice Biennale Grand

Prize 1954 Guggenheim International

Award 1958

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Magritte Born in Lessines Studied Académie de Beaux

Arts, Brussels 1916 – 18 Meets Dadaist in 1925 Worked with Arp, Schwitters,

Tzara and Man Ray 1927 -29 lived in France and

meets Ernst, Dali, Breton and Eluard.

In 1966 – begins sculptures of paintings

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in 1928 Declared support for

Franco, breaks with the Surrealist

Published his book ‘The Secret life of Salvador Dalí’ 1942

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Persistence of Memory

Metamorphosis of Narcissus

Metamorphosis of Narcissus

Acknowledgements

Art Associates Maria Moore

Margaret O’Shea

Local Facilitator TeamAine Andrews

Joe CaslinJane Campbell

Siobhan CampbellNiamh O’Donoghue

Niamh O’NeillKeith O’Rahilly

Sheena McKeonTony MorrisseyMonica White

Many thanks to the following for their invaluable contribution to the European Art History and Appreciation series of workshops and resource materials.

PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers

PDST Professional Development Service for Teachers

The PDST is funded by the Department of Education and

Skills under the National Development Plan 2007 -

2013

Cultural & Environmental Education

Professional Development Service for Teachers (PDST)Dublin West Education Centre,

Old Blessington Road,Tallaght,Dublin 24

National Co-ordinatorConor Harrison

Mobile: 087 240 5710E-mail: conorharrison@pdst.ie

AdministratorAngie Grogan

Tel: 014528018 Fax: 014528010E-mail: angiegrogan@pdst.ie.