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Chapter 13

HW

Honors

When I let go of what I am,

I become what I might be

Laozi

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Electronegativity and BondPolarity

Electronegativityis a measure of an atoms

attraction for e

in a bond.

It tells how much a particular atom wants e.

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+

C O

4

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Electronegativity and BondPolarity

If the electronegativities of two bonded atoms

are e&ualor similar' the bond is nonpolar.

(he electronsin the bond are being shared

e&ually )*+between the two atoms.

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Polar Molecules

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Molecular Shape

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Molecular Shape

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Polarity of Molecules

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Likedissolveslike

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Heats of Solution an Solution C!cles

solute )aggregated+ , heat solute )separated+ Hsolute- "

solvent )aggregated+ , heat solvent )separated+ Hsolvent- "

solute )separated+ , solvent )separated+ solution , heat Hmi/ "

Hsoln" Hsolute# Hsol$ent# Hmi%

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Hsoln" Hlattice# Hh!r

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Equilibriuin asaturated solution!

solute )undissolved+ solute )dissolved+

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Sodiu acetate crystalli"ing fro a supersaturatedsolution!

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#he relation bet$een solubility andteperature for several ionic copounds!

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#he e%ect of pressure on gas

solubility!

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Henr!&s law

Sgas= kHx Pgas

(he solubility of a gas )Sgas+ is directly proportional to

the partial pressure of the gas )Pgas+ above the solution.

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'sing Henr!&s Law to Calculate (as Solubilit!

S)L'*I)+

-.)/L0 (he partial pressure of carbon dioide gas inside

a bottle of cola is 0 atm at 2o. hat is the

solubility of 32* (he #enrys law constant for

32dissolved in water is 4.4 1"52mol678atm at

2o.

".1 mol67S 9 )4.4 1"52mol678atm+)0 atm+ 932

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Concentration 'nitsolarit!

$olarityis the number of moles of solute per liter ofsolution' abbreviated as $.

moles of solute )mol+

liter of solution )7+$olarity 9 $ 9

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Concentration 'nits 2 olarit!

alculate the molarity of a solution made

from 2"." g of :a3# in 2" m7 of solution.

2"." g :a3#

2" m7 solution

;nown &uantities

* $ )mol67+

desired &uantity

2"." g :a3# 1 mol

0"." g :a3#9 "."" mol :a3#

2" m7 solution 1 71""" m7

9 ".2 7 solution

moles of solute )mol+ "."" mol :a3#

V)7+ ".2 7 solution$ 9

-.)/L0

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Concentration 'nits 2 olarit!hat volume in milliliters of a ".4" $ solution of

glucose contains "."2 mol of glucose*

".4" $

"."2 mol glucose

;nown &uantities

* V)7+

desired &uantity

"."2 mol glucose

9

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Concentration 'nitsolalit!

$olalityis the number of moles of solute per ;ilogram ofsolution' abbreviated as m.

moles of solute )mol+

;g of sol$ent);g+$olality 9 m 9

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Calculating olalit!

S)L'*I)+

-.)/L0 hat is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 42." g

of al2in 2=1 g of water*

9 ".2

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Concentration 'nits-arts -er illion

hen a solution contains a very small concentrationof solute' it is often epressed in parts per million.

mass of solute )g+

mass of solution )g+ 1">

or

volume of solute )m7+

volume of solution )m7+ 1">

ppm 9

ppm 9

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% sample of seawater contains 1.4 g of

calcium ions in 4'1"" ;g of solution. hatis the calcium ion concentration of this

solution in units of ppm*

%+ 0.2 1"50ppm a2,ions

@+ ".02 ppm a2,ions

+ 02" ppm a2,ions

A+ 0." ppm a2,ions

E+ 0." 1"4ppm a2,ions

i5clic;er