15.5 Roots of Revolution

Guided Notes343-348

Read the introduction on pg. 343

1. Two Reasons the Chinese believed their culture was superior to others:

Remember to write in note format. Include the question in your answer

Read A Position of Strength

2. What two restrictions did the Ming emperors place on foreign traders?

3. What two developments, in the late 1700s, had major effects on China’s relations with the west?

4. Define imperialism:

5. Define kowtow:

6. What did it mean when a foreigner kowtowed?

Read The Opium War

7. Two ways Europeans hurt the Chinese through the sell of opium:

8. Penalty for opium smuggling =9. Cause of the Opium War =

The Opium War

10. What was the result of the Opium War?

11. Three things the Chinese agreed to, under the Treaty of Nanjing:

12. What was the right to extraterritoriality?

• Westerners accused of a crime in China could be tried in their own courts

13. What is a sphere of influence?

• An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges such as building railroads and factories

14. Why was Japan able to defeat china in the Sino-Japanese War?

• Modernized with western technology and industries

15. What did the “Open Door” policy call for?

• All nations were to have equal access to trade with China

16. Two signs of China’s weakness under the Qing dynasty:

• Loss of territory to foreigners• Peasant revolts

17. Five reforms that took place after the Taiping Rebellion

• Factories to produce modern weapons and ships

• Sent men abroad to study• Updated civil service exam• Organized western style schools• Promoted economic changes

18. Called “Boxers”, their name meant this in Chinese”

• Fists of Righteous Harmony

19. Goal of Boxers

• To expel all foreigners

20. Tactics used by Boxers:

• Attacked and killed many Chinese Christians and foreigners

21. Final result of Boxer Rebellion:

• Western powers organized an international army, crushed the Boxers. China forced to allow foreign troops on Chinese soil and ships in Chinese waters.

22. What happened in 1911?

• Ci Xi (tsuh shee) died. Qing dynasty collapsed.• China declared itself a republic. Civil war from

1911-1928

23. What is a republic?

• Rule by elected leaders

24. President of the new republic:

• Dr. Sun Yatsen (soon yaht sehn)

25. Three goals of Dr. Sun Yatsen:

• Nationalism• Democracy• Livelihood- ensuring a decent living for all

Chinese

26. What happened to the new republic?

• General Yuan Shikai forced Sun out of office in 1912. Warlords battled for power.

27. Who was Chiang Kai-Shek?

• Commander of the Nationalist Army• When Sun died, he took over as the leader of

the Nationalist Party. • Brought China under his control by 1928

28. Group attacked by Chiang:

• Communists

29. Leader of Communists during the late 1920s and 30s:

• Mao Zedong (mow dzoo doong)

30. How did Mao believe the Communists could succeed in China?

• By winning support of peasants

31. What was the Long March?

• 6000 mile march from SE China To northwestern province of Shaanxi.

• Lasted more than a year

Approximately how many Communists died during the Long March?

• 63,000

What happened in 1937, in China?

• Japan launched an all out war against China

34. How did the Nationalists and Communists react to the Japanese invasion?

• Joined together to battle the Japanese