15b e s monyo objective2 groundnut e s a
TRANSCRIPT
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Tropical Legumes – II Project Objective 2:
“ENHACING GROUNDNUT PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION IN
DROUGHT‐PRONE AREAS OF SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA AND ASIA ”
By
By
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Enhancing Groundnuts Productivity and Production - ESA
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Project Components
• Fast tracking on shelf varieties through Farmer PVS and identify 2 – 3 that can be released in the short term
• Development of new varieties for ESA taking cognizance of the region’s biotic and abiotic constraints
• Improve the skills of partners as we work together - foster learning by doing
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Needs and Opportunities being harnessed for R&D
• Breeding thrust is on GRD, ELS and Rust – ICRISAT Malawi presents an excellent natural screening environment
GRD HDP
ELS HDP
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Fast tracking on shelf varie2es to iden2fy 2 – 3 for release in the short term
Country No of Varie/es
No of PVS MB yr1
No of PVS MB yr2
Malawi 10 & 7 36/120 60/171
Mozambique 7 & 5 18/72 36/108
Tanzania 10 & 7 50 64
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Outcome from PVS
Varieties Recommended for Release: Tanzania (5): ICGV-SM 01711, # 01721, # 99555,and # 99557. Mozambique (3) ICGV-SM 99541, # 99568, and JL 24 ; Malawi (1); ICGV-SM 96714
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Seed Produc2on in Support of Seed Systems and
PVS Fast Track Release
• 29.8 t breeder seed of 8 varieties • Nuclear seed 10 vars for Tanzania (5-50kg) each • Nuclear seed 55 vars in Malawi (5-10kg) each
• 51 seed banks in Malawi and 30 seed banks in Tanzania each (each with capacity for4tons annually)
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Component II: Development of new varieties
Rosette ELS
Rust Drought
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New sources of resistance identified
ICG 14705, 13099, ICGV-SM 05701,
ICGV-SM 02536, ICG 14118, 8517, ICGV-SM 06394
ICGV-SM 86021, 02501 92R/70-4, ICGV 94114,
ICGV-SM 00537, 03535, ICG 14390, 14778
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Hybridization and Devlp of breeding populations
• 48 New crosses incorporating newly id resistance sources into farmer / market preferred vars initiated
• 2nd BC pops incorporating GRD and ELS into farmer/market vars completed
• 4500 F3 segregating pops incorporating old sources of resistance into farmer/market vars available for phenotyping. Part ↔ RILS TL1
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Capacity Building
• Germplasm Distribu/on;
– 22 Sets Regional trials (Mw(6), Tz (4), Mz(12) – 488 breeding lines MW(131), TZ(86), MZ(271)
• Technical Capacity – Trained 7 technicians, and 3 scien/sts in in hybridiza/on techniques, use of infector row, and data analysis using genstat
– Tanzania has ini/ated ac/ve breeding prog with phenotyping facili/es for GRD
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Capacity Building cont
• Farmer Capacity • Seed fairs in MW
(500), and TZ (2000) farmers
• Training in Good Agronomic Practices- GAP 1185 Farmers (686 MW), (378 MZ) and (121 TZ)
• 2000 flyers for variety descriptors and GAP, and 1000 booklets on GAP distributed in MW and TZ
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Capacity Building cont
• Institutional Development with TL1: – Refurbishment of 1 glasshouse,
purchase of fridges for seeds, construction of rain-shelter, Irrigation facility under develp for TZ
– Refurbishment of 2 glasshouses, procurement of one portable weather station, and irrigation pump for MW
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Improving Partner skills cont
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Challenges and emerging opportunities
• Slow pace of variety release with some partner NARS. – Release procedures as well as capacity.
Technical capacity building will help
• Most of the durable resistance for GRV only found in long duration – yet short duration holds largest cultivated area – Possibly Marker work can bring
results faster.
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Challenges and emerging opportunities cont
• No absolute resistance to ELS is known in cultivated gnut – just enhanced levels of resistance – This is an area where MARS can play
a useful role when sufficient no of markers for gnuts are found
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Challenges and emerging opportunities cont
• Groundnuts are used as a commercial crop as well as for food & nutrition security. Aflatoxin is a major threat to both
– Smallholder farmers knows little of the dangers posed by aflatoxin
– Traders give no incentives for aflatoxin free nuts
• Need for a value chain approach to determine critical point for intervention and a system for rewarding producers
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Challenges and emerging opportunities cont
• The region is still Lacking suitable vars matching the available LGP – Lack of seed dormancy big problem in
short duration varieties. • Potential solution
– Need to incorporate resistance to fresh seed dormancy in early varieties
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Other Collaborating Projects
• The BMGF through TL1
• The McKnight Foundation
• Treasure Legumes – IFAD Project (Malawi and Tanzania)
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THANK YOU