16 huenges 20101012 fvee huenges deutsches geoforschungszentrum gfz fvee-jahrestagung 2010, 12....

Geothermische Technologien

Ernst Huenges

Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ

FVEE-Jahrestagung 2010, 12. Oktober 2010

Gross Electricity Production from RE by 2050 (SRU-Scenario 2.1.b)

Solar and Geothermal are catching up

Quelle: SRU 2010

Geothermal Technology

• operation (conversion & monitoring)

• exploration (imaging & modelling)

• exploitation (drilling & stimulation)

• provision of power, heat, or chillhere the Organic Rankine Cycle

Principle

• thermal water loop ~ 150 °C, ~ 4 km deep

Challenges

In situ Geothermal Lab Groß Schönebeck

Geothermal Energy Chances and Risks

Geothermal Energy: Chances

huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provision

Heat Flow Density [milliwatt/m2]

United States 3094 MW

Mexico 958 MW

Guatemala 52 MW

El Salvador 204 MW

Nicaragua 88 MW

Costa Rica 166 MW

Portugal 29 MW

France 16 MW

Iceland 575 MW

Turkey 82 MW

Ethiopia 7.3 MW

Kenya 167 MW

Thailand 0.3 MW

Italy843 MW

Germany 6.6 MW

Austria 1.4 MW

Indonesia 1197 MW

Philippines 1904MW

Papua‐N. G. 56 MW

N. Zealand 628 MW

Australia 1.1 MW

Japan536 MW

Russia82 MW

Total : 10,715 MWe

China24 MW

IPCC 2010Heat Flow Density [milliwatt/m2]


huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power

Geothermal: plants in USA -open cyclesCoal, oil, gas: DOE, Bloomfield et al. (2003)

EGS-LCAFrick et al. (2010)

g CO2/kWhheat


huge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier

Local Geothermal Potential, e.g. Berlin

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potentialhorizonsPotsdam 13

Hettang 400 m ca. 25 °hydrothermal, heat pump, aquifer storage

Schaumkalk 960 m ca. 40 ° hydrothermal, heat pump,aquifer storage

Buntsandstein 1500 m ca. 60 °hydrothermal, district heating

Zechstein ca. 3000 m ca. 100 °vertical borehole heat exchanger, heat pump

Rotliegend ca. 4000 m ca. 130 °EGS, district heating,electrical power

utilizationconcepts



potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areas

Small Scale Powerplant (60 kWe) for Decentral Solutions



potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storage

16

geothermal application alone e.g. + bioenergy+ temperature

more efficient power plant



potential to substitute other energy carriers in remote areascan be combined with other base load or variable energy carriers (biomass, coal, solar thermal, wind) & CO2-storageinduced seismicity usable to image an artificially created reservoir

BaselGrossSchönebeck80 eventsMmax=-1.1

Induced Seismicity: Useful for Reservoir Characterization

(Häring et al., 2008)

Basel

(Kwiatek et al., 2010)

GrossSchönebeck80 eventsMmax=-1.1




Riskspotential induced seismicity hazard

CENEC-DBGrünthal et al. (2009)Update 2010

Induced SeismicEventsin areas of

Landau i.d.Pf.

Soultz-sous-Forêts

Unterhaching

Basel

enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)

Insheim

magnitude Mw

Catalogued NaturalTectonic Seismicitysince 1000 AD

19921878

1692 1756

1356

1911

1935

1201

Induced SeismicEventsin areas of enhanced geothermal systems

CENEC-DB

magnitude Mw

Natural Tectonic Earthquakes

CENEC-DB

Induced SeismicEventsin areas of

potash and rock salt mining

coal mining

enhanced geothermal systems

natural gas production

copper mining




Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storage

Geothermal Energy Provision and/or CO2 Storage

International Conference, Feb 2010 @ GFZ

Well locations

Injection wellObservation well




Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bit

Groß Schönebeck

Geophysical Profiles (---) & Structure/Lithological

Model from Data of Neighboring Borehole




Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling ... high initial investments

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Geothermal Research Drilling Program

GFZ: InnovaRig




Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling... investments in advancereliability of the system component during operation (scaling, corrosion)

Thermal Water Loop: Components & Processes

Slide 30/42

production-pump

injection-pump

filter

fittings

tubes2 phase flow

power plantheat transfer

testing infrastructure

chem. reactions

Geothermal Energy: Chanceshuge not yet developed potential for sustainable energy provisionCO2-poor provision of heat and power decentralized usable, base load, local energy carrier


Riskspotential induced seismicity hazardcompetitive use of geothermal reservoirs also for CO2-storageterra incognita beneath drill bitcost of drilling... investments in advancereliability the system component during operation (scaling, corrosion)low interest of industry due to early stage of learning curve

expertise in structural geology, geophysical exploration, rock physics and geochemistry, scientific drilling, and reservoir technologies

Geothermal Technologies

Reservoir Exploration

Reservoir Accessing and Engineering

Thermal Water Loop

Energy Provision

Geothermal Energy with its Chances and Risks …

Geothermal energy, with its chances and risks, has a huge potential to provide sustainably CO2-poor, base load, locally available power and heat.

And with sufficient investment in research, geothermal energy can be made possible almost everywhere (vision).

16 huenges 20101012 fvee huenges deutsches geoforschungszentrum gfz fvee-jahrestagung 2010, 12....

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