16 pres
TRANSCRIPT
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Class-S Power Amplifier Concept for Mobile
Communications in Rural Areas with ConcurrentTransmission at 450 MHz and 900 MHz
Martin Schmidt, Johannes Digel, Manfred Berroth
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
University of Stuttgart
Stuttgart, Germany
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
1
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Outline
MotivationChallenges for basestation suppliersClass-S principle
ArchitectureModulator lowpass prototypeMulti path transform5 path transform spectrum and SNR
Concurrent Transmission in both Frequency BandsOutput spectrumComparison of notches of both frequency bands
StabilityStability vs. input amplitudesExplanation of stability limit
Coding EfficiencyTotal output power and signal output powerSingle tone coding efficiency and combined coding efficiency
Conclusion
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
2
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
3
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Flexibility is Key
Challenges: High requirements . . .
Increasing number of standards,
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE, . . . )
frequency bands(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
and use cases(coverage vs. data rate)
in different markets.(Europe, North America, China, . . . )
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
4
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Flexibility is Key
Challenges: High requirements . . .
Increasing number of standards,
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE, . . . )
frequency bands(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
and use cases(coverage vs. data rate)
in different markets.(Europe, North America, China, . . . )
. . . and high design efforts and costs.
Analog properties in advanced CMOStechnologies deteriorate
Development in advanced CMOSnodes is expensive
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
4
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Flexibility is Key
Challenges: High requirements . . .
Increasing number of standards,
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE, . . . )
frequency bands(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
and use cases(coverage vs. data rate)
in different markets.(Europe, North America, China, . . . )
Need for flexibility
. . . and high design efforts and costs.
Analog properties in advanced CMOStechnologies deteriorate
Development in advanced CMOSnodes is expensive
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
4
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Flexibility is Key
Challenges: High requirements . . .
Increasing number of standards,
(GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, LTE, . . . )
frequency bands(450 MHz, 900 MHz, 2.1 GHz)
and use cases(coverage vs. data rate)
in different markets.(Europe, North America, China, . . . )
Need for flexibility
. . . and high design efforts and costs.
Analog properties in advanced CMOStechnologies deteriorate
Development in advanced CMOSnodes is expensive
and better designs /
less design cycles
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
4
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
M i i Cl S A lifi
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
The class-S amplifier concept is a Software Defined Radio solution.In general it
offers flexibility,
low design effort,
low power consumption and
reduces number of analog components.
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
M ti ti Cl S A lifi
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
This presentation is about a special system for concurrent transmission in
the 450 MHz and the 900 MHz band. Main benefit: One solution for different use cases - coverage vs. data rate
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
M ti ti Cl S A lifi
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Motivation: Class-S Amplifier
This presentation is about a special system for concurrent transmission in
the 450 MHz and the 900 MHz band. Main benefit: One solution for different use cases - coverage vs. data rate
Only Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator is treated here
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
5
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Modulator Architecture
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
6
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Modulator Lowpass Prototype
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Modulator Lowpass Prototype
z1
1/16 1/4
X Y
z1
z1
1/2
1/32
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
7
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Lowpass Prototype Output Spectrum
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Lowpass Prototype Output Spectrum
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Normalized Frequency / fs
Outputp
ower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
8
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Modulator Architecture
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Modulator Architecture
z1
1/16 1/4
X Y
z1
z1
1/2
1/32
transform z1 zn
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
9
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Modulator Architecture
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Modulator Architecture
z 1
1/16 1/4
X Y
z 1
z 1
1/2
1/32
z n
1/16 1/4
X Y
z n
z n
1/2
1/32
transform z 1 z n
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
9
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Modulator Architecture
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Modulator Architecture
z n
1/16 1/4
X Y
z n
z n
1/2
1/32
X Y
LPDSM
LPDSM
LPDSM
1:nDEMU
X
n:1MUX
equivalent
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
9
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Modulator Architecture
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Modulator Architecture
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Normalized Frequency / fs
Outputpower[d
B]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Normalized Frequency / fs
Outputpower[d
B]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Normalized Frequency / fs
Outputpower[dB]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Normalized Frequency / fs
Outputpower[dB]
n=2 n=3
n=4 n=5
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
10
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Transform with n=5
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Output Spectrum for Transform with n=5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputp
ower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
11
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Transform with n=5
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Output Spectrum for Transform with n 5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputp
ower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
11
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Signal-to-Noise-Ratio of Single Sinusoids in Both Frequency Bands
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g g q y
0 10 20 30 40 50 6035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Bandwidth [MHz]
SNR[
dB]
SNR @ 450 MHz
SNR @ 900 MHz
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
12
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Concurrent Transmission in Frequency Bands
at 450 MHz and at 900 MHz
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
13
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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p p
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
14
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
14
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
14
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
14
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
142011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
142011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Output Spectrum for Concurrent Transmission
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0 0.5 1 1.5 2
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency [GHz]
Outputpower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
14
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Zoom into Output Spectrum for Frequency Bands @1/5, 2/5fs
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455.6 458.6 461.7 464.7 467.7 470.7 473.8 476.8 479.8 482.9 485.9 488.9
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency 460MHz .. 467MHzband [MHz]
928 931 934 937.1 940.1 943.1 946.2 949.2 952.2 955.2 958.3 961.3
100
80
60
40
20
0
Frequency 935MHz .. 960MHzband [MHz]
NormalizedOutpu
tPower[dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
15
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Stability
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
16
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Area of Stability: Definition
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0 10 20 30 40 50 6035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Bandwidth [MHz]
SNR[
dB
]
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3300 Modulator is consideredstable until SNR@bandwidth20 MHzdrops by 3dB frommaximum SNR at this
point
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
17
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Area of Stability: Definition
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0 10 20 30 40 50 6035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Bandwidth [MHz]
SNR[
dB
]
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3300
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3400
Modulator is consideredstable until SNR@bandwidth20 MHzdrops by 3dB frommaximum SNR at this
point Here:
SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300)
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
17
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Area of Stability: Definition
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0 10 20 30 40 50 6035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Bandwidth [MHz]
SNR[
dB
]
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3300
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3400
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3500
Modulator is consideredstable until SNR@bandwidth20 MHzdrops by 3dB frommaximum SNR at this
point Here:
SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300)SNR(3500)+3 dB>SNR(3400)
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
17
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Area of Stability: Definition
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0 10 20 30 40 50 6035
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
Bandwidth [MHz]
SNR[
dB]
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3300
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3400
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3500
SNR @ Amplitudein
=3600
Modulator is consideredstable until SNR@bandwidth20 MHzdrops by 3dB frommaximum SNR at this
point Here:
SNR(3400)+3 dB>SNR(3300)SNR(3500)+3 dB>SNR(3400)SNR(3600)+3 dB
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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 40000
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Amplitude @f=1/5fs
Amplitud
e@f=2/5fs
Stability limit for signal @f=1/5fs
Stability limit for signal @f=2/5fs
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
18
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Explanation of Stability Limit
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0 2 4 6 8 10
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Discrete Time
Normaliz
edAmplitude
sinusoid @f=1/5fs
sinusoid @f=2/5fs
combination of sinusoids
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
19
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Explanation of Stability Limit
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0 2 4 6 8 10
1
0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Discrete Time
Normaliz
edAmplitude
sinusoid @f=1/5fs
sinusoid @f=2/5fs
combination of sinusoids
Sampling instants ofone lowpass modulator
X Y
LPDSM
LPDSM
LPDSM
LPDSM
LPDSM
1:5DE
MUX
5:1M
UX
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
19
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Coding Efficiency
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications EngineeringProf. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
20
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Total Output Power and Signal Power (Separate & Combined)
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Power spectral density
SDT(k) =
1NFFTNFFT1
n=0 x(n)ej2NFFT
nk
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
21
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Total Output Power and Signal Power (Separate & Combined)
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(0,0) (1,0) (0,1) (0,0)0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5fs,@f=2/5f
s)
NormalizedPower
Normalized total output power
Normalized signal output power
Normalized single tone output powerTotal output power
SDT(k) =
1NFFTNFFT1
n=0 x(n)ej2NFFT
nk
Ptot =NFFT1
n=0 x2(n) =
NFFT1k=0 S
2DT(k)
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
21
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Total Output Power and Signal Power (Separate & Combined)
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(0,0) (1,0) (0,1) (0,0)0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5fs,@f=2/5f
s)
NormalizedPower
Normalized total output power
Normalized signal output power
Normalized single tone output powerSignal output power
SDT(k) =
1NFFTNFFT1
n=0 x(n)ej2NFFT
nk
Ptot =NFFT1
n=0 x2(n) =
NFFT1k=0 S
2DT(k)
SCT(k) = sinc k
NFFTSDT(k)
Psig = S2CT(k1) + S
2CT(k2)
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
21
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Coding Efficiency
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(0,0) (1,0) (0,1) (0,0)0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Normalized Amplitude (@f=1/5fs,@f=2/5f
s)
CodingEfficiency[%]
Combined output power
single tone output power Coding efficiency
SDT(k) =
1NFFTNFFT1
n=0 x(n)ej2NFFT
nk
Ptot =NFFT1
n=0 x2(n) =
NFFT1k=0 S
2DT(k)
SCT(k) = sinc k
NFFTSDT(k)
Psig = S2CT(k1) + S
2CT(k2)
c =PsigPtot
=S2CT(k1)+S
2CT(k2)
NFFT1
n=0
x2(n)
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
22
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Coding Efficiency vs. Input Amplitudes
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00.2
0.40.6
0.81
0
0.5
10
10
20
30
40
NormalizedAmplitude @f=2/5f
s
NormalizedAmplitude @f=1/5f
s
Codin
gEfficiency[%]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
23
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Conclusion
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
24
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Conclusion
Summary
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Summary
Class-S transmitter offers high flexibility and low design effort
For single tone transmission 60 dB SNR in 30 MHz bandwidth possible inboth frequency bands
Concurrent transmission in the two important frequency bands 450 MHzand 900 MHz
Stability depends on sum of input amplitudes
due to positive interference at one of the five low pass modulators Combined coding efficiency is better than coding efficiency for single tone
excitation
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
25
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
Conclusion
Summary
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Summary
Class-S transmitter offers high flexibility and low design effort
For single tone transmission 60 dB SNR in 30 MHz bandwidth possible inboth frequency bands
Concurrent transmission in the two important frequency bands 450 MHzand 900 MHz
Stability depends on sum of input amplitudes
due to positive interference at one of the five low pass modulators Combined coding efficiency is better than coding efficiency for single tone
excitation
Outlook
Analysis of linearity Probability density function of output pulse widths (memory effect in
power amplifier)
Average transition frequency (switching losses in power amplifier)University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
25
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Thank you for your attention
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
26
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
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Backup
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
27
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
SNR @ 450 MHz 3d Plot vs. Input Amplitudes
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00.2
0.40.6
0.8
1
0
0.5
130
35
40
45
50
55
60
NormalizedAmplitude @f=2/5f
s
NormalizedAmplitude @f=1/5f
s
SN
R[
dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
28
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
SNR @ 900 MHz 3d Plot vs. Input Amplitudes
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7/31/2019 16 Pres
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00.2
0.40.6
0.81
0
0.5
130
35
40
45
50
55
60
NormalizedAmplitude @f=2/5f
s
NormalizedAmplitude @f=1/5f
s
SNR[
dB]
University of Stuttgart
Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Manfred Berroth
29
2011 c M. Schmidt/INT
http://find/http://goback/