16 quiz

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & PhysiologySEVENTH EDITION

Elaine N. MariebKatja Hoehn

Active Lecture Questions prepared by Cinnamon VanPutte, Southwestern Illinois College

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16The EndocrineSystem


A major difference between neurotransmitters and hormones is that hormones are secreted ____________.

a. directly onto their target cell

b. into the cerebrospinal fluid

c. into ducts

d. into the blood


A major determinant of a hormone’s mechanism of action is __________.

a. whether the hormonal molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic

b. large or small

c. rapid-acting or slow-acting

d. activates gene activity


Receptors for steroid hormones are commonly located _________.

a. inside the target cell

b. in the plasma membrane of the target cell

c. in the blood plasma

d. in the extracellular fluid


Interaction with a membrane-bound receptor will transduce the hormonal message via __________.

a. depolarization

b. direct gene activation

c. a second messenger

d. endocytosis


Treatment of a hormone’s target cell with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor will result in ________.

a. immediate cessation of cell activity

b. prolonged activity of cell activity

c. inability of the hormone to bind to its receptor

d. irreversible binding of hormone to its receptor


Second messenger-activating hormones circulate in minute quantities because

a. they are not important signal molecules.

b. small amounts of hormone can activate huge amounts of intracellular signals (amplification).

c. they are continuously released from the gland.

d. neurotransmitters bind to hormone receptors too.


Which of the following molecules act as second messengers?

a. cAMP

b. Ca++

c. inositol triphosphate

d. all of the above


It’s possible for a steroid hormone and a protein hormone to affect the same intracellular protein because

a. the steroid hormone may direct the synthesis of the protein.

b. the protein hormone may activate the protein.

c. the protein hormone may direct the synthesis of the protein.

d. all of the above


In order for a hormone to activate a target cell, the target cell must possess _______.

a. a receptor

b. a second messenger

c. the hormone

d. a chaperone


The most common form of endocrine malfunction is __________.

a. failure of the gland to produce the hormone.

b. insensitivity of the target cell to the hormone.

c. overproduction of the hormone by the gland.

d. all of the above are common disorders


When the pancreas releases insulin in direct response to blood glucose, this is an example of ________ stimulation.

a. humoral

b. neural

c. hormonal

d. negative feedback


When an infant suckles at his mother’s breast, the mother’s neurohypophysis releases oxytocin. This is an example of __________ regulation.

a. humoral

b. neural

c. hormonal



When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the hormone GnRH, this is an example of __________ regulation.

a. humoral

b. neural

c. hormonal



Blood levels of hormone are kept within very narrow ranges by the _________ mechanism.

a. humoral

b. neural

c. hormonal



Hormones secreted into the hypophyseal portal system are delivered directly to the ________.

a. neurohypophysis

b. adenohypophysis

c. median eminence

d. infundibulum


The long bone growth-promoting effects of growth hormone are mediated by __________.

a. somatostatin

b. somatotrophs

c. somatomedins

d. insulin


Secretions from the corticotrophs activate cells of the _______ while secretions from the gonadotrophs affect cells of the ________.

a. adrenal cortex… gonads

b. thyroid… mammary gland

c. gonads… adrenal cortex

d. mammary glands… gonads


A patient is displaying high volumes of urine output and severe dehydration. The most likely cause is _________.

a. hyposecretion of oxytocin

b. hypersecretion of oxytocin

c. hyposecretion of ADH

d. hypersecretion of ADH


Common secretion(s) of the thyroid gland is/are _________.

a. calcitonin

b. triiodothyronine

c. thyroxine

d. all of the above


A patient is losing weight rapidly, sweating profusely and is always anxious. The patient may be suffering from _______.

a. hypothyroidism

b. cretinism

c. hyperthyroidism

d. hypersecretion of calcitonin


Occasionally, a female patient will experience hirsutism or excessive facial hair growth. Blood tests reveal that her levels of testosterone are normal for a female. Another cause could be hypersecretion of:

a. adrenal medulla hormones

b. mineralocorticoids

c. gluccocorticoids

d. gonadocorticoids


Two hormones govern calcium regulation is ________ acts to elevate blood calcium whereas ________ lowers blood calcium, especially in children.

a. PTH… calcitonin

b. thyroid hormones… calmodulin

c. calcitonin… PTH

d. calcitonin… thyroid hormones


__________ is the adrenal hormone responsible for maintaining appropriate blood sodium levels.

a. Cortisol

b. DHEA

c. Aldosterone

d. Epinephrine


_________ triggers secretion of aldosterone.

a. Increased K+

b. Angiotensin II

c. ANP

d. both a and b


During times of stress, elevated levels of _______ occur often and explain why we get a cold during final exam time.

a. cortisol

b. aldosterone

c. ACTH

d. androgens


The _________ is the other primary mediator of acute stress along with the sympathetic nervous system.

a. adrenal medulla

b. adrenal cortex

c. zona glomerulosa

d. zona reticularis


The secretion of ________ helps regulate our circadian rhythms.

a. estrogen

b. testosterone

c. thyroid hormones

d. melatonin


The thymus gland secretes the hormone(s) ______________.

a. thymopoietin

b. thymosin

c. thymic factor

d. all of the above


Which of the following structures produce a hormone responsible for stimulating red blood cell production?

a. stomach

b. heart

c. kidney

d. skin


Which of the following structures produces a precursor to hormonal vitamin D, important for Ca++ regulation?

a. stomach

b. heart

c. kidney

d. skin

16 quiz

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