16.2 gilded age politics
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Gilded
AgePolitics
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1. A Two-Party
Stalemate
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Two-Party Balance
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2. Intense
VoterLoyalty
to theTwo Major
Political
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3. Well-Defined Voting
BlocsDemocraticBloc
Republican
Bloc
Whitesoutherners(preservationofwhitesupremacy)
Catholics
Recentimmigrants(esp. Jews)
Urban workingpoor (pro-
Northern whites(pro-business)
AfricanAmericans
Northern
Protestants Old WASPs
(supportfor anti-immigrant
laws) Most of the
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4. Very Laissez Faire
Federal Govt. From 1870-1900 Govt. did
verylittle domestically.
Main duties of the federal govt.:
Deliver the mail.
Maintain a national military.
Collect taxes & tariffs.
Conduct a foreign policy.
Exception administer theannual
Civil War veterans pension.
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5. The Presidency as a
Symbolic Office Party bosses ruled. Presidents should
avoid offending any
factions within theirown party.
The President justdoled out federal jobs.
1865 53,000 people worked for the federalgovt.
1890 166,000
Senator Roscoe
Conkling
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1880 Presidential Election:
RepublicansHalfBreeds StalwartsSen. James G. Blaine Sen. RoscoeConkling
(Maine) (New York)
James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur(VP)
compromise
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1880 Presidential Election:
Democrats
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Inspecting the Democratic
Curiosity Shop
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1880 Presidential
Election
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1881: Garfield
Assassinated!
Charles Guiteau:I Am a Stalwart, and Arthur isPresident now!
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Chester A. Arthur:
The Fox in the Chicken Coop?
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Pendleton Act (1883)
Civil Service Act.
The Magna Carta of
civil service reform.
1883 14,000 out of117,000 federal govt.jobs became civilservice exam
positions. 1900 100,000 out
of200,000 civil servicefederal govt. jobs.
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Republican Mugwumps Reformers who wouldnt re-
nominateChester A. Arthur.
Reform to them create adisinterested, impartial govt. run byan educated elite like themselves.
Social Darwinists.
Laissez faire government to them:
Favoritism & the spoils systemseen asgovt. intervention in society.
Their target was political
corruption,
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The
MugwumpsMen may
come and menmay go, butthe work ofreform shall
go on forever. Will support
Cleveland inthe
1884 election.
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1884 Presidential
Election
Grover Cleveland James
Blaine * DEM REP
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1884 Presidential
Election
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Clevelands First Term
The Veto Governor from NewYork.
First Democratic elected since1856.
A public office is a public trust! His laissez-faire presidency:
Opposed bills to assist the poor
aswell as the rich.
Vetoed over 200 special pensionbills
for Civil War veterans!
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Bravo, Seor Clevelando!
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The Tariff Issue
After the Civil War, Congress raisedtariffs to protect new US industries.
Big business wanted to continuethis;
consumers did not. 1885 tariffs earned the US $100
mil.in surplus!
Mugwumps opposed it WHY??? President Clevelands view on
tariffs????
Tariffs became a major issue in the1888
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Filing the Rough
Edges
Tariff of 1888
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1888 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin
Harrison*
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Coming Out for Harrison
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The Smallest Specimen
Yet
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Corruption on a National Level
Political cartoonists likeThomas Nast, broughtthe corruption of the
National Government tothe fore through theirhumorous portrayals ofimportant politicalfigures.
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The Cartoons of Thomas Nast
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The Cartoons of Thomas Nast
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The Cartoons of Thomas Nast
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The Cartoons of
Thomas Nast
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The Cartoons of Thomas Nast
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1888 Presidential
Election
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Disposing the
Surplus
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Changing Public
Opinion Americans wanted the federal govt. to
dealwith growing soc. & eco. problems & tocurbthe power of the trusts:
Interstate Commerce Act 1887 Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
McKinley Tariff 1890
Based on the theory that prosperityflowed directly from protectionism.
Increased already high rates another4%!
Rep. Party suffered big losses in 1890(even
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1892 Presidential Election
Grover Cleveland Benjamin
Harrison*
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1892 Presidential
Election
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Cleveland Loses Support
Fast! The only President to serve two
non-consecutive terms.
Blamed for the 1893 Panic.
Defended the gold standard. Used federal troops in the 1894
Pullman strike.
Refused to sign the Wilson-GormanTariff of 1894.
Repealed the Sherman Silver
P h A t