163359248 synchrophasors crb

7/27/2019 163359248 Synchrophasors CRB

1/23

October 12, 2011

Synchrophasors:

Improving Reliability &Situational Awareness

Research & TechnologyManagement

Clifton Black


2/23

Outline

What are PMUs?

PMUs - Concept & Operation

The Need for PMUs

Synchrophasor Applications

Southern Company PMU Activities

PMUs Activities in North America


3/23

What are PMUs?

PMUs provide high resolution synchronized

measurements of phasor voltages and currents

They are placed at key locations like power plants

and major substations


4/23

Concept & Operation

PhasorsPhase Angles have a reference


5/23

Concept & Operation contd.

ATTRIBUTE SCADA PHASOR

Measurement Analog Digital

Resolution 2-4 sam./sec. 60 sam./sec.

Observability Steady State Transient

Phase angle No Yes

Measured |V|, MW, MVAR |V|,, MW,MVAR, |21|

Synchronized No Yes


6/23

Concept & Operation contd.

Time Synchronization

Time-skewed measurements introduce errors

Average Angle Difference ~ 10

Average Angle Difference ~ 5


7/23

The Need for PMUs

Investigation of August 14, 2003 Blackout revealed

Lack of Wide Area Visibility

Lack of Time Synchronized Data Inability to Monitor System Dynamic

Behavior in Real-time
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8/23

The Need for PMUs Contd.

Wide-Area and Sub-SCADA

Visibility

Time Synchronization allows

Dynamics not visible in

SCADA

Angular or Dynamic warning

signs are usually present

before major events

Recent Major Blackouts

August 14 Angular Separation

-170

-160

-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

15:05:00 15:32:00 15:44:00 15:51:00 16:05:00 16:06:01 16:09:05 16:10:38

Time (EDT)

RelativePhaseAngle

Cleveland West MI

Normal Angle ~ -25

Reference:

Browns Ferry

-170

-160

-150

-140

-130

-120

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

15:05:00 15:32:00 15:44:00 15:51:00 16:05:00 16:06:01 16:09:05 16:10:38

Time (EDT)

RelativePhaseAngle

Cleveland West MI

Normal Angle ~ -25

Reference:

Browns Ferry

August 14thAngular Separation

12 Degrees

25 Degrees

45 Degrees

115 Degrees


9/23

The Need for PMUs Contd.

PMUs allow us toseethe dynamic behavior

of the grid which

models sometimes

incorrectly predict.

Post Disturbance Analysis of August 10, 1996 Blackout


10/23

Synchrophasor Applications

Wide-Area Visualization &Monitoring

Frequency Stability Monitoring

& Trending

Voltage Monitoring & Trending State Estimation

Oscillation Monitoring

Resource Integration

Equipment Failure Detection

Real-time Applications

Power System Model Verification Event Analysis & Reconstruction

Equipment Failure Detection

Fault Location

Baselining Power SystemPerformance

Load Characterization

Off-line Applications

Synchrophasors facilitates improvement in Situational Awareness,

Modeling Accuracy & System Reliability
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11/23

Synchrophasor Applications contd.

CAISO, BPA, AEP incorporating phasor data into State

Estimation tools

Entergy used phasor data to manage system separation,islanding and restoration during Gustav (2008)

CAISO & ERCOT will be using phasor data to monitor andintegrate intermittent generation

SCE using phasor data for automated control of SVC forreactive power support

Phasor systems being used for WAMS in North America,

Quebec, Brazil, China and Europe

A Few of the Current Implementations


12/23

Southern Company PMU Locations

Plant Miller

Plant Farley

Plant Daniel

Plant Bowen

Norcross

South Hall

Plant Hatch

West

McIntosh

Thallman

Plant Barry


13/23

Southern Companys PMU Architecture

HATCH

VggVee

Vd

d

Vb

b

ViiDANIEL

SOUTH HALL

BOWEN

MILLER

Phasor Data Concentrator

(PDC) - Local

Regional PDC

Vff

NORCROSS

Vcc

BARRY

Vaa

FARLEY

THALMANN

Vjj

WEST MCINTOSH

Vhh

Local

Historian

Local

Applications

Local PDC and Historian facilitates flexibility, security and data accessibility


14/23

Current Use of PMU data

Wide Area Monitoring and

Situational Awareness

Research

Post Event Analysis &

Model Validation

Transmission Planning


15/23

Example of Wide-area Monitoring Tool

GAUGES: Quantify the worst performing metric

LOCATION INDICATORS: Provide information

about specific locations w.r.t. the metric

TRAFFIC LIGHTS: Provide status of specific metrics

across all locations

Real-time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS)


16/23

Synchrophasor Research

Project with PNNL:Multi-Variable Statistical Analysis

Identifying atypical events and precursors to proactivelymanage the grid

AREVA PMU Project:Impact of PMU data on StateEstimation & State Estimation Metrics

NEETRAC Project:Next Generation PMUs/Evaluation

CEATI:Prediction of Power System Instability based on

PMU data: Utilizing the Region of Stability Existence(ROSE) Approach.

Provide Operators with fast and accurate solutions inorder to predict system instability and prevent wide-

spread blackouts using PMU data.


17/23

Demonstration Project w/ GaTech

Distributed State Estimator, Generator Parameter Estimation

and Stability Monitoring

Distributed State Estimator for two substation subsystem

Develop Generator parameter Estimator for a generating unit

Develop transient stability monitoring system for generating plant


18/23

PMUs in North America


19/23

PMU Activities in North America

North America

North American Synchrophasor Initiative (NASPI) www.naspi.org

SPDC evolving to regional PDCs

PhasorGatewayCommunications & Traffic ManagementInfrastructure

Tremendous boost from ARRA funding

NASPI Structure
http://www.naspi.org/http://www.naspi.org/


20/23

Where Are We Going?

1. Angle/Freq. Monitoring

12. Post-mortem Analysis

2. Voltage Stability Monitoring

5. State Estimation (Improv.)

13. Model Benchmarking;

Parameter Estimation

16. DG/IPP Applications

11. Power system restoration

10. Congestion management

14. Model Benchmarking;

Parameter Estimation

15. Planned Power SystemSeparation

6. State Estimation

(Boundary Conditions)

7. State Measurement (linear)

4. Real-Time Control

9. Adaptive Protection

8. WA Stabilization (WA-PSS)

Necessary

Additional Benefits

More Investigation

Role of PMUs

1-3 Years 3-5 Years > 5 Years

Recommended Industry Deployment Roadmap

3. Thermal Overload Monitoring

CIEE Report


21/23

SGIG PMU ProjectsProject Lead # of PMU

(Stations)

Key Applications

ISO New England 30 Real-time situational awareness, Congestion management

New York ISO 39 Real-time situational awareness, Voltage monitoring and control

Communications system

PJM Interconnection 80+ Real-time situational awareness including trending, Oscillation detection,

Islanding detection

Midwest ISO 150+ Real-time situational awareness, Voltage monitoring

Renewable integration, Congestion management, State estimation, Oscillation

monitoring, EMS alarms

Western ElectricCoordinating Council 250+ Wide-area real-time situational awareness and visualization, Alarming, Oscillationmonitoring, Voltage monitoring, Renewable integration, Congestion

management, Automatic controls, Power system performance analysis, System-

wide model validation, Post-event analysis

Entergy Services 18 Increase grid monitoring, train and educate grid operators and engineers on

phasor technology

Duke Energy 102 Wide-area real-time situational awareness, enhanced state estimator and

Renewables integration


22/23

What Do We Need Now?

Demarcation where currents tools end and PMU tools begin

Development and Deployment of Applications

Practical tools for Operators

Actionable Information

Killer Apps

Knowledge/Experience from SGIG implementations

More Research


23/23

Questions

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