17-19 moodle version

7/30/2019 17-19 Moodle Version

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States of Consciousness

Modules 17-19


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Dream Journal Instructions

Journal must be able to be handed in.

Keep your journal & a pen/pencil by your bed

Record EVERYTHING you can. Storyline, people,

names, locations or just general vibes. Worry about school appropriateness later

Document the date dreamt

Ex. Night of

Write down things you did that day(s) that might

relate it.

Remember to consciously think thatyou WILL remember your dreams that

night. It helps!

On a weird side note.I may end up in

your dreams. Sorry.

For some reason, I tend to represent

Psych class, which is why you are

trying to remember your dreams.


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Waking & Sleeping Rhythms

Module 17


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Why do we need sleep?

Evolutionary Perspective: Protection

Restorative Function: recuperates body and brain

tissue and reorganizes memory

Growth: when we sleep the pituitary gland is active

and helping to stimulate growth


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Consciousness: Our awareness of various

cognitive processes such as sleeping,dreaming, concentration & decision making.

Waking Consciousness Conscious awareness

Thoughts, feelings,perceptions when awake.

Ex. Many activities areperformed w/o

conscious awareness

(typing on thekeyboard) Subconscious puts parts

together into whole and actsbefore we are consciouslyaware (perception)

Altered States ofConsciousness (ASC) Mental state which differs

from normal wakingconsciousness.


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Conscious

Subconscious

Unconscious


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Daydreaming & Fantasy

Pros Cons

Expresses hidden

desires w/out guilt.

Helps up cope with

difficult situations

No benefit at all

Decreases positivecreative imagination?


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Biological Rhythms

Annual Cycle Seasonal: Explains Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

28 Day Cycle

Menstrual cycle for women

24 Hour Cycle

Alternating between sleep & alertness

90 Minute Cycle

Sleep stages


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Circadian Cycles: Biological Clock

Follows the sun (24 hr cycles) Body temp rises in the am, peaks midday then lowers at

night.

Levels of epinephrine & melatonin affect sleep

Examples Jet Lag-Disruption of rhythm

Daylight Savings

Shift Changes-days to nights

Melatonin & Light Therapies can be used to resetcircadian rhythms


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Sleep Stages

Slow pulse, relaxed muscles, side to side movementof eyes.

Alpha waves

Easily awoken1 Lower heart rate, blood pressure & temp.

Dont respond to light or noise

Hard to awaken Delta Waves2&3 Lowest level of HR, BP & Temp.

Deepest sleep

4REM


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Sleep Cycles


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REM Sleep-

Paradoxical

Sleep

Althoughvitalsare

aroused,theperson isvery

hard towakeup.It is a

paradox!

40 min-1hour into the sleep cycle

Move back to Stage 1

Very difficult to wake

Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Increased HR, brain activity, breathing

Most vivid dreaming occurs here

(NREM)-Non-REM Sleep

Approximately 90 min. 4-5 rounds of REM sleep


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Dreams: 4-5 Dreams a Night

Total of 1-2 Hours

Latent Content-DEEP Manifest Content-SURFACE

Hidden unconscious

thoughts & desires are

exposed in our dreams.

Surface content

No deeper meaning

Ex.

Stressed about work =

Dream about work

Dreams are modified by pre-sleep

events.

We remember the part of the dream

that is the closest to us waking.

Preoccupied w/something? =

Recurring Dream

Freud believed dreams are a psychic

safety valve for our emotions.

Sleepwalking is

most common in

children & boys.


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Freudian Dream Theory: Explained

Manifest Content:

surface Latent Content: deep

Traces of the days

experiences

Work all day? Dreamabout work.

Tetris Experiment

Sleeping environmentstimuli may intrude.

Phone, music, smell

Underlying meaning

psychic safety valve

Key to understanding

inner conflicts. Freud: sexual imagery

Wish-fulfillment theory


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Other Dream Theories

Information Processing Sift, sort & fix the days experiences in our memory.

REM sleep facilitates memory.

Teens & Sleep: sleep bulimia (2000)

Ex. A & B Students got 25 min. more sleep a night.

Activation-Synthesis Theory:

Physiological Function

neural activity is random

Brain makes sense of these visual bursts

What is REM

Rebound?

Its the tendency for

REM sleep to increase

following REM sleep

deprivation.


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How Much Sleep Do We Need?

Fact: Most people sleepfor 25 years on

average!

Need varies by age.Younger you are

=

more sleep you need

Restorative Function

Can I Make up for lostsleep in one night?

NO!


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Sleep Deprivation


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Sleep Disorders

Insomnia

Apnea

Narcolepsy

Difficulty falling &remaining asleep.

Approx. 35 mil people

Breathing is interrupted. 2-4% of population

Fall asleep without

warning. Immediate REM Sleep

Hereditary


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Sleep Disorders

NightTerrors vs.Nightmares

SleepWalking &

SleepTalking

Most common inchildren.

Double HR &Breathing

Stage 4

SeldomRemembered

Runs in families

Usually harmless

Seldom

rememberedStage 4


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Sleep Disorders


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Artificial Alterations in Consciousness

Reduction of sensory stimuli. Unable to think, irritable &

hallucinations.

SensoryDeprivation

Concentration, reflection or focusing ofthoughts.

Suppresses the SNSMeditation

Trancelike state where people respondto suggestions readily.

Clinical applications: Pain Management.Hypnosis


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Meditation Activity

Clear Your Mind

Focus on Breathing out your nose or the music.

Document: 1. Breath Rate (# of breaths in 60 sec.)

2. Heart Rate ( # of pulses in 60 sec.)

3. How Do You Feel?

Debriefing:

What things popped into your mind? What was easy about meditation?

What was difficult?


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Lucid Dreams: A dream in which the

dreamer knows they are dreaming.


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Lucid Dreaming: Hollywood Style


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Hypnosis

Module 18


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Is Hypnosis an Altered State of

Consciousness?

Hypnosis: one person

suggests certain

perceptions, feelings or

actions to another.

Posthypnotic Amnesia:

supposed inability to

recall the hypnosis

experience.

Posthypnotic

suggestion: a

suggestion made during

hypnosis to be carried

out after the subject is

no longer hypnotized.

Used to help control

undesirable behaviors.


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Hypnosis

As Therapy:

Disassociation: a split

in consciousness which

allows thoughts &behaviors to occur

simultaneously.

Ex. Lamaze method of

childbirth.

Hypnosis as a social

phenomenon.

Can You be Hypnotized?


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Drugs & Consciousness

Module 19


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Substance Use, Abuse & Dependence

Substance Use: using

drugs for valid medical

reasons.

prescribed

Substance Abuse: drug

use that diminished

responsibilities

recreation

Dependence: compulsive

drug taking.

Need

Tolerance: need to up

doses in order to prevent

withdrawal.

Body is dependent.

Withdrawal: physical &

psychosocial effects that

follow discontinued use of

a drug.

Tremors, pain, possibledeath.


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Clinical Dependence: Definition (APA, 1994)

Experiencing 3 of 7 of the symptoms in a 12 month

period. Developing Tolerance

2 beers = 6 pack

ExperiencingWithdrawal Anxiety, nausea,

convulsions,hallucinations.

Extended use ofsubstance pastprescribed time period.

Persistent desire to quit

Devoting a great deal oftime to obtaining drug.

Giving up social

activities to use drugs.

Continued use evenwhile undergoingphysical & psychological

problems caused by thesubstance.


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How to Help an Addict

1. Talk to Someone

2. Use professional resources

3. Never try to fix them all by yourself.

4. Help Hotlines

5. AA, NA, GA

6. Stay Positive

Helpful sites:http://www.abovetheinfluence.com

www.aa.org

Teens & Young Adults are at ahigh risk of addiction.

Experimentation usually ends

in addiction.

No one wakes up one day andsays I want to be an addict.
http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/http://www.aa.org/http://www.aa.org/http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/


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Depressants:

Slow Down the Nervous System

Most popular Depresses the nervous system

Inhibits critical judgment

Increases impulsive behavior

Alcohol

Sedatives

Similar effects to alcohol

Rarely used as treatment- (epilepsy & arthritis)Barbiturates

Derived from the poppy plant Popular in the 19th century as a medical treatment

Euphoric feeling, but short lived

Highly addictive- violent withdrawal symptoms

Opiates

2/3 fatal caraccidents

are caused by

alcohol

ll i


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Hallucinogens:

Alters Auditory & Visual Perception

Occurs naturally in fungi.

LSD is synthetic

1949-created

1960-popularized

No withdrawal effects / high tolerance

bad trips = panic, violence, suicide, memory loss

LSD

Cannabis plant-THC (active ingredient)

Mild hallucinogen

Respiratory & cardiovascular damage Paranoia, apathy, mood disordersMarijuana


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Stimulants: Stimulate the Nervous System

Naturally in coffee, tea & cocoa

Mainly benign Large amounts causes anxiety, insomnia, heart

palpitations, diarrhea

Caffeine

Naturally only in tobacco

Increases heart rate, constricts blood vessels Causes cancer, agingNicotine

Resemble epinephrine

Euphoria, then crash=HIGHLY ADDICTIVE

Methamphetamines are becoming increasingly morecommon & dangerous.

Amphetamines

Crystalline form- crack

Widely popular in the 19th century

Coca Plant found in South America

HIGHLY ADDICTIVE

Cocaine


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Lets Review!

Mouse Party!
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.htmlhttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

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