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359

Barrer, R.M. and Edge, A.V., : Gas hydrates con-

taining argon, krypton and xenon: kinetics and

energetics of formaion and equilibria. Proc. R. Soc.

Lond. , .

Gudmundsson, J.S. and Borrehaug, A., : Frozen

hydrate for transport of natural gas. Proceedings

of nd International Conference on Gas Hydrates,

.

Hiruta, A., Snyder, G.T., Tamaru, H. and Matsumoto,

R., : Geochemical constraints for the forma-

tion and dissociation of gas hydrate in an area of

high methane flux, eastern margin of the Japan

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.

Jin, U., Nagao, J., Hayashi, J., Shimada, W., Ebinuma,

T. and Narita, H., : Observation of Xe hydrate

growth at gas-ice interface by microfocus X-ray

computed tomography. J. Physical Chemistry C,

, .

Kanda, H., Uchida, K., Nakamura, K. and Suzuki, T.,

: Economics and energy requirements on nat-

ural gas ocean transport in form of natural gas

hydrate (NGH) pellets. Proceedings of the Fifth

International Conference on Gas Hydrates,

.

:

.

Maruyama, M., : Roughening transition of prism

faces of ice crystals grown from melt under pres-

sure. Journal of Crystal Growth, , .

Ohmura, R., Matsuda, S., Uchida, T., Ebinuma, T. and

Narita, H., : Clathrate hydrate crystal growth

in liquid water saturated with a guest substance:

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Growth & Design, , .

Servio, P. and Englezos, P., : Morphology of met-

hane and carbon dioxide hydrates formed from

water droplets. AIChE J., , .

Shimada, W., Jin, S., Takeya, S., Nagao, J., Ebinuma,

T. and Narita, H., : In situ observation of gro-

wth and dissociation of Xe clathrate hydrate on

ice. Proceedings of the Fifth International Confer-

. MPa

Maruyama,

Xe

Xe

A

. MPa . MPa

. MPa

1+ / ,**3

+301

+ ,.

+330

,

.+/

,**3

-,0

--3

,**2

+1,/- +1,/0

,**/

+,1/

+,2,

+32.

+-0 +..

,**/

/32 0*/

,**/

3/- 3/1

,**-

,03 ,10

,**/

* *,

,**/

-**

,13

++,

,1/

/

.3

* *, * *0

* *0

.

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360

TO HIMADA AGAO

BINUMA ARITA

ence on Gas Hydrates, . Tanaka, R., Sakemoto, R. and Ohmura, R., : Crys-

Sloan, E.D. Jr. and Koh, C.A., : Clathrate hydrtate tal growth of clathrate hydrates formed at the

of natural gases. rd edition, CRC Press, . interface of liquid water and gaseous methane,

: ethane or propane: variations in crystal morphol-

ogy. Crystal Growth & Design, , .

. Uchida, T., Ebinuma, T., Kawabata, J. and Narita, H.,

Takaoki, T., Hirai, K., Kamei, M. and Kanda, H., : : Microscopic observations of formation pro-

Study of natural gas hydrate (NGH) carriers. Pro- cesses of clathrate-hydrate films at an interface

ceedings of the Fifth International Conference on between water and carbon dioxide. J. Crystal Gro-

Gas Hydrates, . wth, , .

Masato I , Wataru S *, Jiro N ,

Takao E and Hideo N

: We carried out “in situ” observation of the growth of the Xe clathrate hydrate crystal on

an ice surface at various pressures and temperatures. Xe hydrate nucleated and grew along the ice

surface. The growth morphology changed with an increase in excessive pressure as follows:

polygonal, middle type and circular. The analysis of growth rate and morphology indicated layer by

layer growth at excess pressure below . MPa. At excess pressures below . MPa, the growth of

the Xe hydrate would be controlled by the formation of a screw dislocation. The growth mechanism

changed to adhesive growth at excess pressure above . MPa, because of roughening, and the

corresponding growth morphology changed to circular.

) Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, Earth Sciences,

University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama .

) Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, Earth Sciences,

University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama .

* Corresponding author

) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST,

Tsukisamu-Higashi , Sapporo .

Abstract

Growth morphology and mechanism of Xe clathrate hydrate crystal

on ice surface

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