17320
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GMAT
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1. GMAT;est de#ict cootes as solitar animals $owling
mournfull on t$e to#s of distant $ills- in realit t$ese gregarious creatures live in stable
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grou#s t$at occu# t$e same territor for long #eriods.
A2 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes as solitar animals $owling mournfull on
t$e to#s of distant $ills
2 in films about t$e American >est cootes are de#icted to be solitar animals t$at $owl
mournfull on t$e to#s of distant $ills %2 cootes are de#icted as solitar animals $owling mournfull on t$e to#s of distant $ills in
films about t$e American >est
D2 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes as if t$e were solitar- mournfull $owling
animals on t$e to#s of distant $ills.
32 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes to be solitar and mournfull $owling
animals on t$e to#s of distant $ills
3.:6126
aP'7)= ';P
3ven t$oug$ its #er ca#ita food su##l $ardl increased during two decades- stringent
rationing and #lanned distribution $ave allowed t$e Peo#le8s "e#ublic of %$ina to ensure
nutritional levels of '-;;; calories #er #erson #er da for its #o#ulation.
A2 3ven t$oug$ its #er ca#ita food su##l $ardl increased during
2 3ven t$oug$ its #er ca#ita food su##l $as $ardl increased in
%2 Des#ite its #er ca#ita food su##l $ardl increasing over
D2 Des#ite t$ere being $ardl an increase in its #er ca#ita food su##l during
32 Alt$oug$ t$ere is $ardl an increase in #er ca#ita food su##l for
aP''= 1'P
Two new studies indicate t$at man #eo#le become obese more due to t$e fact t$at t$eir
bodies burn calories too slowl t$an overeating.
A2 due to t$e fact t$eir bodies burn calories too slowl t$an overeating
2 due to t$eir bodies burning calories too slowl t$an to eating too muc$
%2 because t$eir bodies burn calories too slowl t$an t$at t$e are overeaters
D2 because t$eir bodies burn calories too slowl t$an because t$e eat too muc$
32 because of t$eir bodies burning calories too slowl t$an because of t$eir eating
too muc$
3.9 can12
be ab!e to
aP(;'= *1P
"o >ilkins was among t$e last of a generation of civil rig$ts activists w$o led t$e nation
t$roug$ decades of c$ange so #rofound man oung Americans are not able to imagine- even
less to remember- w$at segregation was like.
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A2 so #rofound man oung Americans are not able to imagine- even less to remember
2 so #rofound t$at man oung Americans cannot imagine- muc$ less remember
%2 so #rofound man oung Americans cannot imagine nor even less remember
D2 of suc$ #rofundit man oung Americans cannot imagine- even less can t$e remember
32 of suc$ #rofundit t$at man oung Americans are not able to imagine- muc$ less toremember
aP(;+= +0P
T$ere is am#le evidence- derived from t$e lore of traditional folk medicine- t$at naturall
occurring antibiotics are usuall able to be modified to make t$em a more effective drug.
A2 are usuall able to be modified to make t$em a more effective drug
2 are usuall able to be modified to make t$em more effective drugs
%2 are usuall able to be modified- w$ic$ makes t$em more effective drugs
D2 can usuall be modified to make t$em a more effective drug
32 can usuall be modified to make t$em more effective drugs
3.1" and12;
as #e!! as
aP'0)= 1(P
3ating saltwater fis$ ma significantl reduce t$e risk of $eart attacks and also aid for
sufferers of r$eumatoid art$ritis and ast$ma- according to t$ree researc$ studies
#ublis$ed in t$e 9ew 3ngland ?ournal of Medicine.
A2 significantl reduce t$e risk of $eart attacks and also aid for
2 be significant in reducing t$e risk of $eart attacks and aid for %2 significantl reduce t$e risk of $eart attacks and aid
D2 cause a significant reduction in t$e risk of $eart attacks and aid to
32 significantl reduce t$e risk of $eart attacks as well as aiding
a#$% P(';= 1'+P
In t$e late sevent$ centr-in a dis#ute over w$et$er t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law
-Ali -s$ould carr on as t$e fourt$ cali#$- Mu$ammads successor- Islam s#lit into two
branc$es- t$e &unnis and t$e &$iites.
A2over w$et$er t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law-Ali-s$ould carr on as t$e fourt$
cali#$- Mu$ammads successor
2over if Ali- t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law- was going to carr on and be t$e
fourt$ cali#$- Mu$ammads successor
%2over w$et$er- t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law- was going to carr on and be
t$e fourt$ cali#$- Mu$ammads successor
3.11.
as to
a#$% P(';= 1'+P
In t$e late sevent$ centr-in a dis#ute over w$et$er t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law-Ali-s$ould carr on as t$e fourt$ cali#$-Mu$ammad8s successor- Islam s#lit into two
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branc$es- t$e &unnis and t$e &$iites.
A2over w$et$er t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law-Ali-s$ould carr on as t$e fourt$
cali#$-Mu$ammad8s successor
2over if Ali-t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law- was going to carr on and be t$e
fourt$ cali#$-Mu$ammad8s successor%2over w$et$er- t$e Pro#$et Mu$ammad8s son6in6law- was going to carr on and be
t$e fourt$ cali#$-Mu$ammad8s successor
3.12?@A BC.
#hether$- ;
i&D
#hether or not
aP'+' 0
eond t$e immediate cas$ flow crisis t$at t$e museum faces- its survival de#ends on
if it can broaden its members$i# and leave its cram#ed ,uarters for a site w$ere it can
store and e5$ibit its more t$an 1'-;;; artifacts.
A2 if it can broaden its members$i# and leave
2 w$et$er it can broaden its members$i# and leave
%2 w$et$er or not it $as t$e ca#abilit to broaden its members$i# and can leave
D2 its abilit for broadening its members$i# and leaving
32 t$e abilit for it to broaden its members$i# and leave
aP'00 10;T$e %oast Guard is conducting tests to see w$et$er #igeons can be trained to $el# find
survivors of wrecks at sea.
A2 to see w$et$er #igeons can be trained to $el# find
2 to see w$et$er #igeons can be trained as $el# to find
%2 to see if #igeons can be trained for $el#ing to find
D2 t$at see if #igeons are able to be trained in $el#ing to find
32 t$at see w$et$er #igeons are able to be trained for $el# in finding
3.136
'#hich12
#hereaP'7 ('
In ancient times- 9ubia was t$e #rinci#al corridor w$ere t$ere were cultural influences
transmitted between lack Africa and t$e Mediterranean basin.
A2 w$ere t$ere were cultural influences transmitted
2 t$roug$ w$ic$ cultural influences were transmitted
%2 w$ere t$ere was a transmission of cultural influences
D2 for t$e transmitting of cultural influences
32 w$ic$ was transmitting cultural influences
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3.14 rather than12
instead o&
aP'*1 );
In metalwork on advantage of ad$esive6bonding over s#ot6welding is t$at t$e contract-
and $ence t$e bonding- is effected continuousl over a broad surface instead of a seriesof regularl s#aced #oints wit$ no bonding in between.
A2 instead of
2 as o##osed to
%2 in contrast wit$
D2 rat$er t$an at
32 as against being at
aP(;+ +
&out$ Eorea $as witnessed t$e world8s most dramatic growt$ of %$ristian congregations/
c$urc$ members$i# is e5#anding b +.+ #ercent a ear- full two6t$irds of t$e growt$
coming from conversions rat$er t$an t$e #o#ulation increasing.
A2 coming from conversions rat$er t$an t$e #o#ulation increasing
2 coming from conversions rat$er t$an increases in t$e #o#ulation
%2 coming from conversions instead of t$e #o#ulation8s increasing
D2 is from conversions instead of #o#ulation increases
32 is from conversions rat$er t$an increasing t$e #o#ulation
3.15EFGHIGJKL 6MN
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aP'77 )1
T$e odds are about ) to 1 against surviving a takeover offer- and man business consultants
t$erefore advise t$at a com#an8s first line of defense in eluding offers like t$ese be to even
refuse to take calls from likel cor#orate raiders.
A2 t$at a com#an8s first line of defense in eluding offers like t$ese be to even refuse
2 t$at a com#an8s first line of defense in eluding suc$ offers be to refuse even
%2 a com#an defending itself against offers of t$is kind t$at- as a first line of defense- t$e
s$ould even refuse
D2 com#anies w$ic$ are defending t$emselves against suc$ an offer t$at- as a first line of
defense- t$e s$ould even refuse
32 t$at t$e first line of defense for a com#an w$o is eluding offers like t$ese is t$e refusal
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even.
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aP '+* 77
9ever t$eories #ro#ose t$at catastro#$ic im#acts of asteroids and comets ma $ave
caused reversals in t$e 3art$8s magnetic field-t$e onset of ice ages-s#litting a#art
continents 0; million ears ago-and great volcanic eru#tions.
A2s#litting a#art continents
2t$e s#litting a#art of continents
%2s#lit a#art continents
D2continents s#lit a#art
32continents t$at were s#lit a#art
=Dyhi
aP(1( 7*
&tudies of t$e $uman slee#6wake ccle $ave #ractical relevance for matters ranging
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from dut assignments in nuclear submarines and air6traffic control towers to t$e staff of
s$ifts in ')6$our factories.
A2 to t$e staff of
2 to t$ose w$o staff
%2 to t$e staffing of D2 and staffing
32 and t$e staff of
aP(;; ))
T$e commission acknowledged t$at no amount of mone or staff members can ensure
t$e safet of #eo#le w$o live in t$e vicinit of a nuclear #lant- but it a##roved t$e
installation because it believed t$at all reasonable #recautions $ad been taken.
A2 no amount of mone or staff members
2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor staff members
%2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor numbers of staff members
D2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor a large staff
32 no matter $ow large t$e staff or $ow vast t$e amount of mone
aP(;1 )
T$e lawer for t$e defense c$arged t$at s$e sus#ected t$e #olice of $aving illegall ta#ed
$er confidential conversations wit$ $er client and t$en used t$e information obtained to
find evidence su##orting t$eir murder c$arges.
A2 used t$e information obtained to find evidence su##orting2 used suc$ information as t$e obtained to find evidence su##orting
%2 used t$e information t$e $ad obtained to find evidence t$at would su##ort
D2 of using t$e information t$e $ad obtained to find evidence t$at would su##ort
32 of using suc$ information as t$e obtained to find evidence t$at would be su##ortive of
'. Among t$e reasons for t$e decline of 9ew 3ngland agriculture in t$e last t$ree decades
were t$e $ig$ cost of land- t$e #ressure of $ousing and commercial develo#ment- and basing
a marketing and distribution sstem on im#orting #roduce from :lorida and %alifornia.
A2 basing a marketing and distribution sstem on im#orting #roduce from :lorida and
%alifornia
2 basing a marketing and distribution sstem on t$e im#orted #roduce of :lorida and
%alifornia
%2 basing a sstem of marketing and distribution on t$e im#ort of #roduce from :lorida and
%alifornia
D2 a marketing and distribution sstem based on im#orting #roduce from :lorida and
%alifornia
32 a marketing and distribution sstem im#orting #roduce from :lorida and %alifornia as its
base
(. A fire in and enclosed s#ace burns wit$ t$e aid of reflected radiation t$at #re$eats t$e fuel-
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making ignition muc$ easier and flames s#reading more ,uickl.
A2 flames s#reading
2 flame s#reads
%2 flames are caused to s#read
D2 causing flames to s#read 32 causing s#reading of t$e flames
). T$e cater#illar of t$e geometrid mot$ strikes w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are
disturbed- after ca#turing its #re- $olds t$e victim so t$at it cannot esca#e.
A2 strikes w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are disturbed-
2 striking w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are disturbed- but
%2 w$ic$ strikes w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are disturbed-
D2 w$ic$- striking w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are disturbed.
32 strikes w$en s#ecial tactile $airs on its bod are disturbed and-
*. Margaret %ourtne6%larke $as traveled to remote dwellings in t$e Transvaal to #$otogra#$
t$e art of 9debele women- w$ose murals are brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries
embellis$ed wit$ old and new iconogra#$ and in a stle t$at varies from woman to woman
and $ouse to $ouse.
A2 w$ose murals are brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries embellis$ed wit$ oldand new iconogra#$ and in a stle t$at varies from woman to woman and $ouse to $ouse
2 w$ose murals are brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries are embellis$ed wit$
old and new iconogra#$- and t$eir stle is varing among women and $ouses
%2 w$ose murals are brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries are embellis$ed wit$
old and new iconogra#$- and t$e are in stles t$at var from woman to woman and $ouse
to $ouse
D2 wit$ murals brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries embellis$ed wit$ old and
new iconogra#$- and t$eir stle varies among women and $ouses
32 wit$ murals t$at are brilliantl colored- t$eir geometrical smmetries embellis$ed wit$
old and new iconogra#$- and t$eir stles var among women and $ouses
+. Inflation in medical costs s$owed in 170+ for t$e fift$ consecutive ear but were still about
*; #ercent greater t$an t$e rate of #rice increases for ot$er items included in t$e consumer
#rice inde5.
A2 Inflation in medical costs slowed in 170+ for t$e fift$ consecutive ear but were
2 Inflation in medical costs slowed for t$e fift$ consecutive ear in 170+ but was
%2 In 170+ inflation in medical costs were slowed for t$e fift$ consecutive ear but were
D2 170+ was t$e fift$ consecutive ear in w$ic$ inflation in medical costs slowed but was 32 170+ was t$e fift$ consecutive ear t$at inflation in medical costs were slowed- but t$e
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were
. T$e most common reasons for an em#loee8s unwillingness to acce#t a transfer are t$at
mortgage rates are $ig$- $ousing in t$e new location costs more- and t$e difficult of sellingt$e old $ome.
A2 t$at mortgage rates are $ig$- $ousing in t$e new location costs more- and t$e difficult of
selling t$e old $ome.
2 t$at mortgage rates are $ig$- $ousing in t$e new location costs more- and t$at it is difficult
to sell t$e old $ome
%2 $ig$ mortgage rates- t$e greater cost of $ousing in t$e new location- and t$at t$e old
$ome is difficult to sell
D2 $ig$ mortgage rates- t$e greater cost of $ousing in t$e new location- and it is difficult to sell
t$e old $ome
32 $ig$ mortgage rates- t$e greater cost of $ousing in t$e new location- and t$e difficult of
selling t$e old $ome
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aP'71 0
Hike ron at Missolong$i- ?ack Hondon was slowl killed b t$e mistakes of t$e medical
men w$o treated $im.
A2 Hike ron2 Hike ron8s deat$
%2 ?ust as ron died
D2 &imilar to ron
32 As did ron
asou can deal wit$ t$at t$ing-as can I as I can2.
aP'71 7
=nlike t$e acid smoke of cigarettes- #i#e tobacco- cured b age6old met$ods- ields an
alkaline smoke too irritating to be drawn into t$e lungs.
A2 =nlike t$e acid smoke of cigarettes- #i#e tobacco- cured b age6old met$ods- ields
an alkaline smoke
2 =nlike t$e acid smoke of cigarettes- #i#e tobacco is cured b age6old met$ods-
ielding an alkaline smoke
%2 =nlike cigarette tobacco- w$ic$ ields an acid smoke- #i#e tobacco- cured b age6old
met$ods- ields an alkaline smoke
D2 Differing from cigarettes8 acid smoke- #i#e tobacco8s alkaline smoke- cured b
age6old met$ods- is
32 T$e alkaline smoke of #i#e tobacco differs from cigarettes8 acid smoke in t$at it is
cured b age6old met$ods and is
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aP'71 1;
It is difficult to #revent crimes against #ro#ert as t$ose t$at are against a #erson
A2 t$ose t$at are against a
2 t$ose against a
%2 it is against a D2 #reventing t$ose against a
32 it is to #revent t$ose against a
=Cyv adBadB_u_utu
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aP'71 11
Hos Angeles $as a $ig$er number of famil dwellings #er ca#ita t$an an large cit.
A2 a $ig$er number of famil dwellings #er ca#ita t$an an large cit
2 $ig$er numbers of famil dwellings #er ca#ita t$an an ot$er large cit
%2 a $ig$er number of famil dwellings #er ca#ita t$an does an ot$er large cit
D2 $ig$er numbers of famil dwellings #er ca#ita t$an do ot$er large cities
32 a $ig$ #er ca#ita number of famil dwellings- more t$an does an ot$er large cit
aP'7' 1'
In 170; t$e =nited &tates e5#orted twice as muc$ of its national out#ut of goods as t$e
$ad in 17;.
A2 twice as muc$ of its national out#ut of goods as t$e $ad
2 double t$e amount of t$eir national out#ut of goods as t$e did
%2 twice as muc$ of its national out#ut of goods as it did
D2 double t$e amount of its national out#ut of goods as it $as
32 twice as muc$ of t$eir national out#ut of goods as t$e $ad
aP'7' 1(
:ew #eo#le reali4e t$at t$e c$ance of accidental inBur or deat$ ma be as great or greater
in t$e safet of t$eir own $omes t$an in a #lane or on t$e road.
A2 ma be as great or greater in t$e safet of t$eir own $omes t$an
2 is at least as great or greater in t$e safet of t$eir own $omes t$an
%2 mig$t be so great or greater in t$e safet of t$eir own $ome as
D2 ma be at least as great in t$e safet of t$eir own $omes as
32 can be at least so great in t$e safet of t$eir own $ome as
aP(1; 0'
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>ind resistance created b o#ening windows w$ile driving results in a fuel #enalt as
great or greater t$an is incurred b using air conditioning.
A2 as great or greater t$an is incurred b using air conditioning
2 t$at is as great or greater t$an is incurred using air conditioning
%2 as great as or greater t$an t$at of using air conditioning D2 at least as great as air conditioning8s
32 at least as great as t$at incurred b using air conditioning
aP'7' 1)
Tin ,uantities of more t$an t$irt rare gases- most of t$em industrial b6#roducts-
t$reaten to warm t$e 3art$8s atmos#$ere even more ra#idl t$an carbon dio5ide during
t$e ne5t fift ears.
A2 to warm t$e 3art$8s atmos#$ere even more ra#idl t$an carbon dio5ide during t$e
ne5t fift ears
2 to warm t$e 3art$8s atmos#$ere even more ra#idl over t$e ne5t fift ears t$an
carbon dio5ide will
%2 during t$e ne5t fift ears to warm t$e 3art$8s atmos#$ere even more ra#idl t$an
carbon dio5ide
aP'7( 1
An attem#t to ratif t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment- begun almost two decades ago- $as
been unsuccessful des#ite efforts b man im#ortant grou#s- including t$e 9ational
Jrgani4ation for >omen.
A2 to ratif t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment- begun almost two decades ago-
2 begun almost two decades ago- for ratifing t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment
%2 begun for ratifing t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment almost two decades ago
D2 at ratifing t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment- begun almost two decades ago-
32 t$at $as begun almost two decades ago to ratif t$e 3,ual "ig$ts Amendment
aP'7( 1+
Jne of ever two new business fail wit$in two ears.
A2 fail
2 fails
%2 s$ould fail
D2 ma $ave failed
32 $as failed
aP'7( 10
To com#are t$e lig$tning6fast genius of #lawrig$t Tom &to##ard wit$ t$e #edestrian
efforts of some of $is contem#oraries is to com#are t$e e5,uisite bou,uet of a fine wine
wit$ t$at of ordinar gra#e Buice.A2 To com#are t$e lig$tning6fast genius of #lawrig$t Tom &to##ard wit$ t$e #edestrian
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efforts of some of $is contem#oraries is to com#are t$e e5,uisite bou,uet of a fine wine
wit$ t$at of ordinar gra#e Buice.
2 To com#are t$e lig$tning6fast genius of #lawrig$t Tom &to##ard wit$ t$e #edestrian
efforts of some of $is contem#oraries is com#aring t$e e5,uisite bou,uet of a fine wine
wit$ t$at of ordinar gra#e Buice.
aP'7( 17
T$e maBor areas of medicine in w$ic$ lasers are effective is in t$e cutting and closing of
blood vessels- and in t$e destruction of tumors.
A2 is in t$e cutting and closing of blood vessels- and in t$e destruction
2 are t$e cutting and closing of blood vessels- and also t$e case of destroing
%2 are t$e cutting- closing of blood vessels- and in t$e destroing
D2 are t$e cutting and closing of blood vessels- and t$e destruction
32 is in t$e cutting and closing of blood vessels- and t$e destroing
aP'7( '1
During t$e 170;s it became clear t$at soliciting #rivate funds was far more efficient for
environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid t$an to go to state or federal agencies.
A2 t$at soliciting #rivate funds was far more efficient for environment talists w$o soug$t
financial aid
2 t$at for environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid- it was far more efficient to solicit
#rivate funds
%2 t$at for environmentalists seeking financial aid- #rivate organi4ations were far more
efficient to go toD2 for environmentalists seeking financial aid- going to #rivate organi4ations was far more
efficient
32 for environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid- #rivate organi4ations were far more
efficient
aP'7) ''
At a recent session- t$e :renc$ government $as decided t$at Paris needs a second-
larger o#era $ouse to com#lement t$e famous Paris J#era.
A2 $as decided t$at Paris needs
2 decided t$at Paris needs
%2 $as decided t$at Paris will need
D2 decided t$at Paris $as a need of
32 $as decided t$at Paris needed
aP'7) '(
Alt$oug$ it was e5#ected t$at workers under fort would s$ow $ostilit to t$e #lan- t$e
researc$ re#ort indicates t$at bot$ ounger and t$e older #eo#le a##rove of governmental
a##ro#riations for &ocial &ecurit.
A2 ounger and t$e older #eo#le 2 ounger #eo#le and t$e older
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%2 t$e ounger and t$e older #eo#le
D2 ounger and older #eo#le
32 #eo#le w$o are ounger and t$ose w$o are older
aP'7* '*T$e utilit com#an $as announced t$at it will #ermanentl close its =nit I nuclear #ower
#lant- t$e first #lant t$at $ad been built b #rivate industr and t$e model for a generation
of modern nuclear reactors.
A2 t$at $ad been built b #rivate industr and
2 built b #rivate industr and w$ic$ was
%2 to be built b #rivate industr and w$ic$ was
D2 built b #rivate industr and
32 to $ave been built b #rivate industr and was
aP'7* '+
:or man travelers- c$arter vacations often turn out to cost considerabl more t$an t$e
originall seemed.
A2 t$e originall seemed
2 t$e originall seem to
%2 t$e seemingl would cost originall
D2 it seemed originall
32 it originall seemed t$e would
aP'7* 'It is a s#ecial feature of cell aggregation in t$e develo#ing nervous sstem t$at in most
regions of t$e brain t$e cells not onl ad$ere to one anot$er and also ado#t some
#referential orientation.
A2 to one anot$er and also ado#t
2 one to t$e ot$er- and also t$e ado#t
%2 one to t$e ot$er- but also ado#ting
D2 to one anot$er but also ado#t
32 to eac$ ot$er- also ado#ting
aP'7) '1
During t$e 170;s it became clear t$at soliciting #rivate funds was far more efficient for
environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid t$an to go to state or federal agencies.
A2 t$at soliciting #rivate funds was far more efficient for environment talists w$o soug$t
financial aid
2 t$at for environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid- it was far more efficient to solicit
#rivate funds
%2 t$at for environmentalists seeking financial aid- #rivate organi4ations were far more
efficient to go toD2 for environmentalists seeking financial aid- going to #rivate organi4ations was far
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more efficient
32 for environmentalists w$o soug$t financial aid- #rivate organi4ations were far more
efficient
aP'7+ '0
%limatic s$ifts are so gradual as to be indistinguis$able at first from ordinar fluctuations
in t$e weat$er.
A2 so gradual as to be indistinguis$able
2 so gradual t$e can be indistinguis$able
%2 so gradual t$at t$e are unable to be distinguis$ed
D2 gradual enoug$ not to de distinguis$able
32 gradual enoug$ so t$at one cannot distinguis$ t$em
aP'7+ '7
&artre believed eac$ individual is res#onsible to c$oose one course of action over
anot$er one- t$at it is t$e c$oice t$at gives value to t$e act- and t$at not$ing t$at is not
acted u#on $as value.
A2 eac$ individual is res#onsible to c$oose one course of action over anot$er one
2 t$at eac$ individual is res#onsible for c$oosing one course of action over anot$er
%2 t$at eac$ individual is res#onsible- c$oosing one course of action over anot$er
D2 t$at eac$ individual is res#onsible to c$oose one course of action over t$e ot$er
32 eac$ individual is res#onsible for c$oosing one course of action over ot$er ones
aP'0* 1+
Inuits of t$e ering &ea were in isolation from contact wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an Aleuts
or Inuits of t$e 9ort$ Pacific and nort$ern Alaska.
A2 in isolation from contact wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an
2 isolated from contact wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an
%2 in isolation from contact wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an were
D2 isolated from contact wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an were
32 in isolation and wit$out contacts wit$ 3uro#eans longer t$an
aP'+( 00
T$e 3m#eror Augustus- it a##ears- commissioned an ideali4ed scul#tured #ortrait- t$e
features of w$ic$ are so unrealistic as to constitute w$at one sc$olar calls an artificial
face.
A2 so unrealistic as to constitute
2 so unrealistic t$e constituted
%2 so unrealistic t$at t$e $ave constituted
D2 unrealistic enoug$ so t$at t$e constitute
32 unrealistic enoug$ so as to constitute
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aP'+( 71
Hike man self6taug$t artists- Perle
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%2Hike ?o$n Mc#$ee-Ann eattie #ainstakingl assembles in $er works
D2?ust as ?o$n Mc#$ee8s -so Ann eattie8s works #ainstakingl assemble
32?ust as ?o$n Mc#$ee-so Ann eattie #ainstakingl assembles in $er works
aP('; 1(1&imilar to rising interest rates- consumer and #roducer #rices $ave been rising.
A2&imilar to rising interest rates- consumer and #roducer #rices $ave been rising.
2%onsumer and #roducer #rices $ave been rising- as $ave interest rates.
%2As interest rates are rising- so $ave consumer and #roducer #rices.
D2%onsumer and #roducer #rices $ave been rising- like interest rates do.
32%onsumer and #roducer #rices - as interest rates- $ave been rising.
5 GMATstu+Y
5.1b6
=>y@u
@us|s@u
^@ut@ut
@ustu{@un
;uCdoingsn
aP(;0
installing s#ecial electric #um#s- farmers $ouses could be $eated b t$e warmt$ from cows
milk- according to one agricultural engineer.
A2 farmers $ouses could be $eated b t$e warmt$ from cows milk- according to one
agricultural engineer.
2 t$e warmt$ from cows milk could be used b farmers to $eat t$eir $ouses- according to
one agricultural engineer
%2 one agricultural engineer re#orts t$at farmers could use t$e warmt$ from cows milk to
$eat t$eir $ouses
D2 farmers- according to one agricultural engineer- could use t$e warmt$ from cows milk to
$eat t$eir $ouses
32 one agricultural engineer re#orts t$at farmers $ouses could be $eated b t$e warmt$ from
cows milk
aP'7 (*
=#set b t$e recent downturn in #roduction numbers during t$e first $alf of t$e ear- t$e#ossibilit of adding worker incentives was raised b t$e board of directors at its ,uarterl
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meeting.
A2 t$e #ossibilit of adding worker incentives was raised b t$e board of directors at its
,uarterl meeting
2 t$e addition of worker incentives was raised as a #ossibilit b t$e board of directors at its,uarterl meeting
%2 added worker incentives was raised b t$e board of directors at its ,uarterl meeting as a
#ossibilit
D2 t$e board of directors raised at its ,uarterl meeting t$e #ossibilit of worker incentives
being added
32 t$e board of directors- at its ,uarterl meeting- raised t$e #ossibilit of adding worker
incentives
aP(;* +*
"eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- a recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities in
identical twins- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
A2 "eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- a recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities
in identical twins- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
2 "eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- striking similarities between identical twins t$at include
man idiosncrasies of be$avior were s$own in a recent =nited &tates stud.
%2 A recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities in identical twins reared
a#art from eac$ ot$er t$at include man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
D2 According to a recent =nited &tates stud- identical twins reared a#art from eac$ ot$ers$owed striking similarities- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
32 According to a recent =nited &tates stud- identical twins s$owed striking similarities reared
a#art from eac$ ot$er- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
aP(;' *'
In cold6water $abitats- certain invertebrates and fis$ convert starc$es into com#le5 carbo$drates
called glcerols- in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e.
A2 in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e
2 effectivel manufacturing antifree4e of its own
%2 in effect manufacturing t$eir own antifree4e
D2 so t$at t$e manufacture t$eir own antifree4e
32 t$us t$e manufacture of its own antifree4e
aP(;0 )
&ome of t$e tent$6centur stave c$urc$es of 9orwa are still standing- demonstrating t$at wit$
sound design and maintenance- wooden buildings can last indefinitel.
A2 standing- demonstrating t$at wit$ sound design and maintenance- wooden buildings can lastindefinitel
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2 standing- demonstrating $ow wooden buildings- w$en t$e $ave sound design and
maintenance- can last indefinitel
%2 standing- t$e demonstrate if a wooden building $as sound design and maintenance it can
last indefinitel
D2 standing- and t$e demonstrate wooden buildings can last indefinitel w$en t$ere is sounddesign and maintenance
32 standing- and t$e demonstrate $ow a wooden building can last indefinitel w$en it $as
sound design and maintenance
=Cy@u
^@u\
nc>\
bc\
aP')1 1
T$e >allerstein stud indicates t$at even after a decade oung men and women still
e5#erience some of t$e effects of a divorce occurring w$en a c$ild.
A2 occurring w$en a c$ild
2 occurring w$en c$ildren
%2 t$at occurred w$en a c$ild
D2 t$at occurred w$en t$e were c$ildren
32 t$at $as occurred as eac$ was a c$ild
aP'( 1(;
In t$e last few ears- t$e number of convicted criminals given communit service sentences-
w$ic$ allow t$e criminals to remain unconfined w$ile t$e #erform s#ecific Bobs benefiting t$e
#ublic- $ave risen dramaticall.
A2 sentences- w$ic$ allow t$e criminals to remain unconfined w$ile t$e #erform s#ecific Bobs
benefiting t$e #ublic- $ave
2 sentences- #erforming s#ecific Bobs t$at benefit t$e #ublic w$ile being allowed to remain
unconfined- $ave
%2 sentences- #erforming s#ecific Bobs beneficial to t$e #ublic w$ile t$e are allowed to remain
unconfined- $ave
D2 sentences w$ic$ allow t$em to remain unconfined in t$eir #erforming of s#ecific Bobs
beneficial to t$e #ublic $as
32 sentences allowing t$em to remain unconfined w$ile #erforming s#ecific Bobs t$at benefit
t$e #ublic $as
aP(1; 0*According to =nited &tate Air :orce officials- a cannon s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as
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#roved $el#ful to demonstrate w$at kind of damage can result w$en Bets fl into a flock of large
birds.
A2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved $el#ful to demonstrate
2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved itself $el#ful as a demonstration of %2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes #roves itself $el#full as demonstrating
D2 t$at s$oots dead c$ickens at air#lanes #roves itself $el#ful to demonstrate
32 t$at s$oots dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved $el#ful in demonstrating
aP'7+ (;
During t$e nineteent$ centur 3mil 3den and :ann Parks Bourneed t$roug$out India-
sketc$ing and kee#ing Bournals forming t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states
w$ere t$e $ad visited.
A2 forming t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states w$ere t$e $ad
2 t$at were forming t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states
%2 to form t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states w$ic$ t$e $ave
D2 w$ic$ $ad formed t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states w$ere t$e $ad
32 t$at formed t$e basis of news re#orts about t$e #rincel states t$e
aP'7+ (1 w$ileLw$ereas
>$ile t$e owner of a condominium a#artment $as free and clear title to t$e dwelling- owners
of coo#erative a#artments $ave s$ares in a cor#oration t$at owns a building and leasesa#artments to t$em.
A2 >$ile t$e owner of a condominium a#artment $as free and clear title to t$e dwelling-
2 T$e owner of a condominium a#artment $as free and clear title to t$e dwelling- but
%2 >$ereas owners of condominium a#artments $ave free and clear title to t$eir dwellings-
D2 An owner of a condominium a#artment $as free and clear title to t$e to dwelling- w$ereas
32 %ondominium a#artment owners $ave a title to t$eir dwelling t$at is free and clear- w$ile
aP'7 ((
In a #eriod of time w$en women t#icall $ave $ad a narrow range of c$oices- Mar aker
3dd became a distinguis$ed writer and t$e founder- arc$itect- and builder of a growing
c$urc$.
A2 In a #eriod of time w$en women t#icall $ave
2 During a time in w$ic$ t#icall women $ave
%2 T#icall- during a time w$en women
D2 At a time w$en women t#icall
32 T#icall in a time in w$ic$ women
aP'7 ()?o#lin8s fait$ in $is o#era Tremonis$a was uns$akable/ in 1711 $e #ublis$ed t$e score at
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$is own e5#ense and decided on staging it $imself.
A2 on staging it $imself
2 t$at $e $imself would do t$e staging
%2 to do t$e staging of t$e work b $imself D2 t$at $e $imself would stage it
32 to stage t$e work $imself
aP'7 (+
T$e rules t$at govern #olitical contributions are less stringent in local elections t$an t$e are in
national elections because t$e t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and #resent less
o##ortunit for abuse.
A2 T$e rules t$at govern #olitical contributions are less stringent in local elections t$an t$e are
in national elections because t$e t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and #resent less
o##ortunit for abuse.
2 ecause t$e t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and #resent less o##ortunit for
abuse- t$e rules t$at govern #olitical contributions are less stringent in local elections t$an t$e
rules are in national elections.
%2 T$e rules t$at govern #olitical contributions are less stringent in local elections t$an national
elections because t$e t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and #resent less o##ortunit
for abuse.
D2 ecause local elections t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and #resent lesso##ortunit for abuse t$an national elections- t$e rules t$at govern local #olitical contributions are
less stringent t$an national contributions.
32 T$e rules t$at govern #olitical contributions are less stringent in local elections t$an t$e are
in national elections because local elections t#icall involve smaller amounts of mone and
#resent less o##ortunit for abuse.
aP')) 1'
:ormulas for cas$ flow and t$e ratio of debt to e,uit do not a##l to new small businesses
in t$e same wa as t$e do to establis$ed big businesses- because t$e are growing and
are seldom in e,uilibrium.
A2 :ormulas for cas$ flow and t$e ratio of debt to e,uit do not a##l to new small businesses
in t$e same wa as t$e do to establis$ed big businesses- because t$e are growing and are seldom
in e,uilibrium.
2 ecause t$e are growing and are seldom in e,uilibrium- formulas for cas$ flow and t$e
ratio of debt to e,uit do not a##l to new small businesses in t$e same wa as t$e do to
establis$ed big businesses.
%2 ecause t$e are growing and are seldom in e,uilibrium- new small businesses are notsubBect to t$e same a##licabilit of formulas for cas$ flow and t$e ratio of debt to e,uit as
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establis$ed big businesses.
D2 ecause new small businesses are growing and are seldom in e,uilibrium- formulas for cas$
flow and t$e ratio of debt to e,uit do not a##l to t$em in t$e same wa as to establis$ed big
businesses.
32 9ew small businesses are not subBect to t$e a##licabilit of formulas for cas$ flow and t$eratio of debt to e,uit in t$e same wa as establis$ed big businesses- because t$e are growing and
are seldom in e,uilibrium.
aP(1( 7
More t$an five t$ousand ears ago- %$inese sc$olars accuratel described t$e flow blood as a
continuous circle controlled b t$e $eart- but it went unnoticed in t$e >est.
A2 but it went
2 but it was
%2 alt$oug$ it was
D2 but t$e discover went
32 alt$oug$ t$e discover was
)Eofn!\eac$n\
*.seemingl
.significant
significantl
a P'0 1)Dr.Tonegawa won t$e 9oble Pri4e for discovering $ow t$e bod can constantl c$ange its
genes to fas$ion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies-eac$ s#ecificall targeted at
an invading microbe or foreign substance.
A2 seeming unlimited number of antibodies- eac$ s#ecificall targeted at
2 seeming unlimited number of antibodies- eac$ targeted s#ecificall to
%2 seeming unlimited number of antibodies- all s#ecificall targeted at
D2 seeming unlimited number of antibodies- all of t$em targeted s#ecificall to
32 seeming unlimited number of antibodies- eac$ targeted s#ecificall at
a P1+ '
=nder t$e restructuring- t$e $uge organi4ation t$at o#erates t$e com#an8s basic
businesses will be divided into fove grou#s- eac$ wit$ its own e5ecutive.
A2eac$ wit$ its own e5ecutive.
2all $aving t$eir own e5ecutive
%2eac$ $aving t$eir own e5ecutive
D2wit$ its own e5ecutive for eac$
32ever one wit$ an e5ecutive of t$eir own
a P(;' *;
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&c$ool integration #lans t$at involve busing between suburban and central6cit areas $ave
contributed- according to a recent stud- to significant increases in $ousing integration- w$ic$- in
turn- reduces an future need for busing.
A2 significant increases in $ousing integration- w$ic$- in turn- reduces 2 significant integration increases in $ousing- w$ic$- in turn- reduces
%2 increase $ousing integration significantl- w$ic$- in turn- reduces
D2 increase $ousing integration significantl- in turn reducing
32 significantl increase $ousing integration- w$ic$- in turn- reduce
+.t$is t$athiA
aP'70 (0
?a#an received $uge sums of ca#ital from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd >orld >ar- using it to
$el# build a modern industrial sstem.
A2 ?a#an received $uge sums of ca#ital from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd >orld >ar-
using it to $el# build
2 ?a#an received $uge sums of ca#ital from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd >orld war and
used it to $el# in building
%2 ?a#an used t$e $uge sums of ca#ital it received from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd
>orld >ar to $el# build
D2 ?a#an8s $uge sums of ca#ital received from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd >orld >arwere used to $el# it in building
32 "eceiving $uge sums of ca#ital from t$e =nited &tates after t$e &econd >orld >ar- ?a#an
used it to $el# build
aP'77 )'
In assessing t$e #roblems faced b rural migrant workers- t$e ,uestion of w$et$er t$e are better
off materiall t$an t$e urban working #oor is irrelevant.
A2 In assessing t$e #roblems faced b rural migrant workers- t$e ,uestion of w$et$er t$e are
better off materiall t$an t$e urban working #oor is irrelevant.
2 T$e ,uestion of w$et$er t$e rural migrant worker is better off materiall t$an t$e urban
working #oor is irrelevant in assessing t$e #roblems t$at t$e face.
%2 A ,uestion t$at is irrelevant in assessing t$e #roblems t$at rural migrant workers face is
w$et$er t$e are better off materiall t$an t$e urban working #oor.
D2 In an assessment of t$e #roblems faced b rural migrant workers- t$e ,uestion of w$et$er
t$e are better off materiall t$an t$e urban working #oor is irrelevant.
32 T$e ,uestion of w$et$er t$e rural migrant worker is better off materiall t$an t$e urban
working #oor is irrelevant in an assessment of t$e #roblems t$at t$e face.
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aP(;; )(
ringing t$e :ord Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl after t$e &econd
>orld >ar was a s#ecial governmentall sanctioned #rice increase during a #eriod of wage and
#rice controls.
A2 ringing t$e :ord Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl after t$e
&econd >orld >ar was a s#ecial governmentall sanctioned #rice increase during a #eriod of
wage and #rice controls.
2 >$at broug$t t$e :ord Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl after t$e
&econd >orld >ar was a s#ecial #rice increase t$at t$e government sanctioned during a #eriod of
wage and #rice controls.
%2 T$at w$ic$ broug$t t$e ford Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl
after t$e &econd >orld >ar was a s#ecial governmentall sanctioned #rice increase during a
#eriod of wage and #rice controls.
D2 >$at $as broug$t t$e :ord Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl after
t$e &econd >orld >ar was a s#ecial #rice increase t$at t$e government sanctioned during a #eriod
of wages and #rice controls.
32 To bring t$e :ord Motor %om#an back from t$e verge of bankru#tc s$ortl after t$e
&econd >orld >ar- t$ere was a s#ecial #rice increase during a #eriod of wages and #rice controls
t$at government sanctioned.
aP(;; ))
T$e commission acknowledged t$at no amount of mone or staff members can ensure t$esafet of #eo#le w$o live in t$e vicinit of a nuclear #lant- but it a##roved t$e installation
because it believed t$at all reasonable #recautions $ad been taken.
A2 no amount of mone or staff members
2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor staff members
%2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor numbers of staff members
D2 neit$er vast amounts of mone nor a large staff
32 no matter $ow large t$e staff or $ow vast t$e amount of mone
aP(;; )*
Alt$oug$ t$e lesser cornstalk borer is widel distributed- control of t$em is necessar onl in t$e
&out$.
A2 t$e lesser cornstalk borer is widel distributed- control of t$em is
2 widel distributed- measures to control t$e lesser cornstalk borer are
%2 widel distributed- lesser cornstalk borer control is
D2 t$e lesser cornstalk borer is widel distributed- measures to control it are
32 it is widel distributed- control of t$e lesser cornstalk borer is
'7
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1;). Alt$oug$ Bust inside t$e orbit of ?u#iter- amateur astronomers wit$ good telesco#es s$ould be
able to see t$e comet wit$in t$e ne5t few weeks.
A2 Alt$oug$ Bust inside t$e orbit of 2 Alt$oug$ it is Bust inside t$e orbit of
%2 ?ust inside t$e orbit of
D2 Jrbiting Bust inside
32 est de#ict cootes as solitar animals $owling mournfull
on t$e to#s of distant $ills- in realit t$ese gregarious creatures live in stable grou#s t$at occu#
t$e same territor for long #eriods.
A2 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes as solitar animals $owling mournfull on t$e
to#s of distant $ills
2 in films about t$e American >est cootes are de#icted to be solitar animals t$at $owl
mournfull on t$e to#s of distant $ills
%2 cootes are de#icted as solitar animals $owling mournfull on t$e to#s of distant $ills in
films about t$e American >est
D2 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes as if t$e were solitar- mournfull $owling
animals on t$e to#s of distant $ills.
32 films about t$e American >est de#ict cootes to be solitar and mournfull $owling animalson t$e to#s of distant $ills
)0. According to surves b t$e 9ational Institute on Drug Abuse- about '; #ercent of oung
adults used cocaine in 177- doubling t$ose re#orted in t$e 17 surve.
A2 doubling t$ose re#orted in t$e 17 surve
2 to double t$e number t$e 17 surve re#orted
%2 twice t$ose t$e 17 surve re#orted
D2 twice as muc$ as t$ose re#orted in t$e 17 surve
32 twice t$e number re#orted in t$e 17 surve
)7. Two week notice being given to em#loers before leaving a Bob is t$e generall acce#ted
#rotocol.
A2 Two week notice being given to em#loers before leaving
2 Giving notice to em#loers of two weeks before $aving to leave
%2 Two week8s notice to give to em#loers before leaving
D2 Giving notice to em#loers two weeks before leaving
32 To give two weeks8 wort$ of notice before $aving to leave
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aP(;' *;
&c$ool integration #lans t$at involve busing between suburban and central6cit areas $ave
contributed- according to a recent stud- to significant increases in $ousing integration-
w$ic$- in turn- reduces an future need for busing.A2 significant increases in $ousing integration- w$ic$- in turn- reduces
2 significant integration increases in $ousing- w$ic$- in turn- reduces
%2 increase $ousing integration significantl- w$ic$- in turn- reduces
D2 increase $ousing integration significantl- in turn reducing
32 significantl increase $ousing integration- w$ic$- in turn- reduce
aP(;' *;
In cold6water $abitats- certain invertebrates and fis$ convert starc$es into com#le5 carbo$drates
called glcerols- in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e.
A2 in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e
2 effectivel manufacturing antifree4e of its own
%2 in effect manufacturing t$eir own antifree4e
D2 so t$at t$e manufacture t$eir own antifree4e
32 t$us t$e manufacture of its own antifree4e
@unsn
aP'*' )*
Delig$ted b t$e re#orted earnings for t$e first ,uarter of t$e fiscal ear- it was decided b
t$e com#an manager to give $er staff a raise.
A2 it was decided b t$e com#an manager to give $er staff a raise
2 t$e decision of t$e com#an manager was to give $er staff a raise
%2 t$e com#an manager decided to give $er staff a raise
D2 t$e staff was given a raise b t$e com#an manager
32 a raise was given to t$e staff b t$e com#an manager
@unsdoingi!ijtA
jip
aP'*1 (7
:or members of t$e seventeent$6centur As$anti nation in Africa- animal6$ide s$ields wit$
wooden frames were essential items of militar e,ui#ment- a met$od to #rotect warriors against
enem arrows and s#ears.
A2 a met$od to #rotect 2 as a met$od #rotecting
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%2 #rotecting
D2 as a #rotection of
32 to #rotect
@u~>^@c\!>c>\
!p
@np
aP'( 1(;
In t$e last few ears- t$e number of convicted criminals given communit service sentences-
w$ic$ allow t$e criminals to remain unconfined w$ile t$e #erform s#ecific Bobs benefiting t$e
#ublic- $ave risen dramaticall.
A2 sentences- w$ic$ allow t$e criminals to remain unconfined w$ile t$e #erform s#ecific Bobs
benefiting t$e #ublic- $ave
2 sentences- #erforming s#ecific Bobs t$at benefit t$e #ublic w$ile being allowed to remain
unconfined- $ave
%2 sentences- #erforming s#ecific Bobs beneficial to t$e #ublic w$ile t$e are allowed to remain
unconfined- $ave
D2 sentences w$ic$ allow t$em to remain unconfined in t$eir #erforming of s#ecific Bobs
beneficial to t$e #ublic $as
32 sentences allowing t$em to remain unconfined w$ile #erforming s#ecific Bobs t$at benefit
t$e #ublic $as
aP(;' *'
In cold6water $abitats- certain invertebrates and fis$ convert starc$es into com#le5 carbo$drates
called glcerols- in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e.
A2 in effect manufacturing its own antifree4e
2 effectivel manufacturing antifree4e of its own
%2 in effect manufacturing t$eir own antifree4e
D2 so t$at t$e manufacture t$eir own antifree4e
32 t$us t$e manufacture of its own antifree4e
aP(;' *)
Monitoring $eart #atients8 e5ercise- as well as at$letes e5ercising- is now done b small
transmitters broadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines.
A2 Monitoring $eart #atients8 e5ercise- as well as at$letes e5ercising- is now done b smalltransmitters broadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines.
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2 Monitoring t$e e5ercise of $eart #atients- as well as at$letes e5ercising- is now done b
small transmitters broadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines
%2 &mall transmitters broadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines
are now used to monitor t$e e5ercise of bot$ $eart #atients and at$letes.
D2 roadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines- small transmittersare now used to monitor $eart #atients8 e5ercise- as well as at$letes e5ercising.
32 ot$ at$letes e5ercising and $eart #atients8 e5ercise are now monitored b small transmitters
broadcasting #$siological measurements to nearb recording mac$ines.
aP(;' **
**. T$e commission $as directed advertisers to restrict t$e use of t$e word natural to foods t$at
do not contain color or flavor additives- c$emical #reservatives- or not$ing t$at $as been
snt$esi4ed.
A2 or not$ing t$at $as been
2 nor ant$ing t$at was
%2 and not$ing t$at is
D2 or ant$ing t$at $as been
32 and ant$ing
aP(;' *+
%$arlotte Parkins Gilman- a late nineteent$6centur feminist- called for urban a#artment $ouses
including c$ild6care facilities and clustered suburban $ouses including communal eating andsocial facilities.
A2 including c$ild6care facilities and clustered suburban $ouses including communal eating and
social facilities
2 t$at included c$ild6care facilities- and for clustered suburban $ouses to include communal
eating and social facilities
%2 wit$ c$ild6care facilities included and for clustered suburban $ouses to include communal
eating and social facilities
D2 t$at included c$ild6care facilities and for clustered suburban $ouses wit$ communal eating
and social facilities
32 to include c$ild6care facilities and for clustered suburban $ouses wit$ communal eating and
social facilities included
aP(;' *.
Alt$oug$ t$e &u#reme %ourt ruled as long ago as 100; t$at lacks could not be e5cluded outrig$t
from Bur service- nearl a centur of case6b6case adBudication $as been necessar to develo# and
enforce t$e #rinci#le t$at all Buries must be drawn from a fair cross section of t$e
communit.
((
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A2 $as been necessar to develo# and enforce t$e #rinci#le t$at all Buries must be
2 was necessar for develo#ing and enforcing t$e #rinci#le of all Buries being
%2 was to be necessar in develo#ing and enforcing t$e #rinci#le of all Buries to be
D2 is necessar to develo# and enforce t$e #rinci#le t$at all Buries must be
32 will be necessar for develo#ing and enforcing t$e #rinci#le of all Buries being
aP(;' *0
T$e moderni4ation #rogram for t$e steel mill will cost a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars- w$ic$ it
is $o#ed can be com#leted in t$e late 170;8s.
A2 T$e moderni4ation #rogram for t$e steel mill will cost a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars-
w$ic$ it is $o#ed can be com#leted in t$e late 170;8s
2 T$e moderni4ation #rogram for t$e steel mill- $o#efull com#leted in t$e late 170;8s- will
cost a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars.
%2 Moderni4ing t$e steel mill- $o#efull to be com#leted in t$e late 170;8s- will cost
a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars.
D2 T$e #rogram for moderni4ing t$e steel mill- w$ic$ can- it is $o#ed- be com#leted in t$e late
170;8s and cost a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars.
32 Moderni4ing t$e steel mill- a #rogram t$at can- it is $o#ed- be com#leted in t$e late 170;8s-
will cost a##ro5imatel *1 million dollars.
aP(;' *0
%amus broke wit$ &artre in a bitter dis#ute over t$e nature of &talinism. A2 in a bitter dis#ute over
2 over bitterl dis#uting
%2 after t$ere was a bitter dis#ute over
D2 after $aving bitterl dis#uted about
32 over a bitter dis#ute about
aP'*' )(
In t$e minds of man #eo#le living in 3ngland- before Australia was Australia- it was t$e
anti#odes- t$e o##osite #ole to civili4ation- an obscure and unimaginable #lace t$at was
considered t$e end of t$e world.
A2 before Australia was Australia- it was t$e anti#odes
2 before t$ere was Australia- it was t$e anti#odes
%2 it was t$e anti#odes t$at was Australia
D2 Australia was w$at was t$e anti#odes
32 Australia was w$at $ad been known as t$e anti#odes
*7. %amus broke wit$ &artre in a bitter dis#ute over t$e nature of &talinism.
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A2 in a bitter dis#ute over
2 over bitterl dis#uting
%2 after t$ere was a bitter dis#ute over
D2 after $aving bitterl dis#uted about 32 over a bitter dis#ute about
+;. 9ow$ere in Prakta is t$e influence of modern 3uro#ean arc$itecture more a##arent t$an t$eir
government buildings.
A2 more a##arent t$an t$eir
2 so a##arent as t$eir
%2 more a##arent t$an in its
D2 so a##arent t$an in t$eir
32 as a##arent as it is in its
+1. :ederal legislation establis$ing a fund for t$e cleanu# of sites damaged b to5ic c$emicals
#ermits com#ensating state governments for damage to t$eir natural resources but does not allow
claims for inBur to #eo#le.
A2 com#ensating state governments for damage to
2 com#ensating state governments for t$e damaging of
%2 giving state governments com#ensation for damaging
D2 giving com#ensation to state governments for t$e damage of 32 t$e giving of com#ensation to state governments for damaging
5.2-,Yc
aP')) 1)
Paleontologists believe t$at fragments of a #rimate Bawbone uneart$ed in urma and
estimated at ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of a crucial ste# along t$e
evolutionar #at$ t$at led to $uman beings.
A2 at ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of
2 as being ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of
%2 t$at it is ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of w$at was
D2 to be ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of
32 as ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of w$at was
a6aim to do
c6claimycome to doycontinuea6attem#t to do
(*
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#6#ermit sb to do
s6seem to doyseek to do
aP'+) 7*
Along wit$ t$e dro# in #roducer #rices announced esterda- t$e strong retail sales figuresreleased toda seem like it is indicative t$at t$e econom- alt$oug$ growing slowl- is not
nearing a recession.
A2 like it is indicative t$at
2 as if to indicate
%2 to indicate t$at
D2 indicative of
32 like an indication of
+1. :ederal legislation establis$ing a fund for t$e cleanu# of sites damaged b to5ic c$emicals
#ermits com#ensating state governments for damage to t$eir natural resources but does not allow
claims for inBur to #eo#le.
A2 com#ensating state governments for damage to
2 com#ensating state governments for t$e damaging of
%2 giving state governments com#ensation for damaging
D2 giving com#ensation to state governments for t$e damage of
32 t$e giving of com#ensation to state governments for damaging
+'. Inflation $as made man Americans reevaluate t$eir assum#tions about t$e future/ t$e still
e5#ect to live better t$an t$eir #arents $ave- but not so well as t$e once t$oug$t t$e could.
A2 t$e still e5#ect to live better t$an t$eir #arents $ave
2 t$e still e5#ect to live better t$an t$eir #arents did
%2 t$e still e5#ect to live better t$an t$eir #arents $ad
D2 still e5#ecting to live better t$an t$eir #arents $ad
32 still e5#ecting to live better t$an did t$eir #arents
+(. T$e sale of government sur#lus mac$iner will begin at 7 a.m. and continue until t$e su##l
lasts.
A2 will begin at 7 a.m. and continue until t$e su##l lasts
2 begins at 7 a.m.- continuing until t$e su##l lasts
%2 will begin at 7 a.m. and- until t$e su##l lasts- will continue
D2 begins at 7 a.m. and- as long as t$e su##l ma last- it continues 32 will begin at 7 a.m. and continue as long as t$e su##l lasts
(+
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+). In 3ngland t$e well6dressed gentleman of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected t$eir clot$ing w$ile
$aving t$eir wig #owdered b #oking t$eir $ead t$roug$ a device t$at resembled t$e stocks.
A2 gentleman of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected t$eir clot$ing w$ile $aving t$eir wig
#owdered b #oking t$eir $ead
2 gentleman of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected $is clot$ing w$ile $aving $is wig #owdered
b #oking $is $ead.
%2 gentleman of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected t$eir clot$ing w$ile $aving t$eir wigs
#owdered b #oking t$eir $eads
D2 gentlemen of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected $is clot$ing w$ile $aving $is wig #owdered
b #oking $is $ead
32 gentlemen of t$e eig$teent$ centur #rotected t$eir clot$ing w$ile $aving $is wig #owdered
b #oking $is $ead
+*. "eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- a recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities in
identical twins- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
A2 "eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- a recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities in
identical twins- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
2 "eared a#art from eac$ ot$er- striking similarities between identical twins t$at include manidiosncrasies of be$avior were s$own in a recent =nited &tates stud.
%2 A recent =nited &tates stud s$owed striking similarities in identical twins reared a#art from
eac$ ot$er t$at include man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
D2 According to a recent =nited &tates stud- identical twins reared a#art from eac$ ot$er
s$owed striking similarities- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
32 According to a recent =nited &tates stud- identical twins s$owed striking similarities reared
a#art from eac$ ot$er- including man idiosncrasies of be$avior.
++. Develo#ing nations in various #arts of t$e world $ave amassed K;; billion in debts/ at stake-
s$ould a significant number of t$ese debts be re#udiated- is t$e solvenc of some of t$e world8s
largest multinational banks.
A2 s$ould a significant number of t$ese debts be re#udiated- is
2 s$ould a significant number of t$ese debts be re#udiated- are
%2 s$ould t$e re#udiate a significant number of t$ese debts- are
D2 if t$ere is a re#udiation of a significant number of t$ese debts- would be
32 if a significant number of t$ese debts will be re#udiated- is
+. &out$ Eorea $as witnessed t$e world8s most dramatic growt$ of %$ristian congregations/c$urc$ members$i# is e5#anding b +.+ #ercent a ear- full two6t$irds of t$e growt$ coming
(
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from conversions rat$er t$an t$e #o#ulation increasing.
A2 coming from conversions rat$er t$an t$e #o#ulation increasing
2 coming from conversions rat$er t$an increases in t$e #o#ulation
%2 coming from conversions instead of t$e #o#ulation8s increasing D2 is from conversions instead of #o#ulation increases
32 is from conversions rat$er t$an increasing t$e #o#ulation
+0. T$ere is am#le evidence- derived from t$e lore of traditional folk medicine- t$at naturall
occurring antibiotics are usuall able to be modified to make t$em a more effective drug.
A2 are usuall able to be modified to make t$em a more effective drug
2 are usuall able to be modified to make t$em more effective drugs
%2 are usuall able to be modified- w$ic$ makes t$em more effective drugs
D2 can usuall be modified to make t$em a more effective drug
32 can usuall be modified to make t$em more effective drugs
+7. Man investors base t$eir c$oice between bonds and stocks on com#aring bond ields to t$e
dividends available on common stocks.
A2 between bonds and stocks on com#aring bond ields to 2 among bonds and stocks on com#arisons of bond ields to
%2 between bonds and stocks on com#arisons of bond ields wit$
D2 among bonds and stocks on com#aring bond ields and
32 between bonds and stocks on com#aring bond ields wit$
To ensure consistentl $ig$ ,ualit in its merc$andise- t$e c$ain of retail stores became involved
in ever as#ect of t$eir su##lier8s o#erations- dictating not onl t$e number of stitc$es and t$e
widt$ of t$e $em in ever garment as well as t$e #rofit margins of t$ose su##liers.
A2 t$eir su##liers8 o#erations- dictating not onl t$e number of stitc$es and t$e widt$ of t$e
$em in ever garment as well as
2 its su##liers8 o#erations- dictating not onl t$e number of stitc$es and t$e widt$ of t$e $em
in ever garment as well as
%2 t$eir su##liers8 o#erations- dictating not onl t$e number of stitc$es and t$e widt$ of t$e $em
in ever garment but also
D2 its su##liers8 o#erations- dictating not onl t$e number of stitc$es and t$e widt$ of t$e $em
in ever garment but also
32 t$eir su##liers8 o#erations- dictating t$e number of stitc$es- t$e widt$ of t$e $em in ever
garment- and
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1. In t$e =nited &tates- trade unions encountered far more intense o##osition against t$eir
struggle for social legitimac t$an t$e organi4ed labor movements of most ot$er democratic
nations.
A2 against t$eir struggle for social legitimac t$an
2 in t$eir struggle for social legitimac t$an did
%2 against t$eir struggle for social legitimac as
D2 in t$eir struggle for social legitimac as did
32 w$en t$e struggled for social legitimac t$an $as
'. :or man #eo#le- $ouse$old labor remains demanding even if able to afford $ouse$old
a##liances t$eir grand#arents would find a miracle.
A2 even if able to afford $ouse$old a##liances t$eir grand#arents would find a miracle
2 des#ite being able to afford $ouse$old a##liances t$eir grand#arents would find a miracle
%2 even if t$e can afford $ouse$old a##liances t$eir grand#arents would found miraculous
D2 alt$oug$ t$e could afford $ouse$old a##liances t$eir grand#arents would find miraculous
32 even if t$e are able to afford $ouse$old a##liances w$ic$ would $ave been a miracle to
t$eir grand#arents
(. In t$e most common #rocedure for $arvesting forage cro#s suc$ as alfalfa- as muc$ as ';
#ercent of t$e leaf and small6stem material- w$ic$ is t$e most nutritious of all t$e #arts of t$e
#lant- s$attered and fell to t$e ground.
A2 w$ic$ is t$e most nutritious of all t$e #arts of t$e #lant- s$attered and fell
2 t$e most nutritious of all #arts of t$e #lant- s$atter and fall
%2 t$e #arts of t$e #lant w$ic$ were most nutritious- will s$atter and fall
D2 t$e most nutritious #arts of t$e #lant- s$atters and falls
32 #arts of t$e #lant w$ic$ are t$e most nutritious- $ave s$attered and fallen
aP(; )
&ome of t$e tent$6centur stave c$urc$es of 9orwa are still standing- demonstrating t$at wit$
sound design and maintenance- wooden buildings can last indefinitel.
A2 standing- demonstrating t$at wit$ sound design and maintenance- wooden buildings can last
indefinitel
2 standing- demonstrating $ow wooden buildings- w$en t$e $ave sound design and
maintenance- can last indefinitel
%2 standing- t$e demonstrate if a wooden building $as sound design and maintenance it can
last indefinitel
D2 standing- and t$e demonstrate wooden buildings can last indefinitel w$en t$ere is sound
design and maintenance 32 standing- and t$e demonstrate $ow a wooden building can last indefinitel w$en it $as
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sound design and maintenance
aP(; *
T$e medieval sc$olar made almost no attem#t to investigate t$e anatom of #lants- t$eirmec$anisms of growt$- nor t$e was w$ere eac$ was related to t$e ot$er
A2 nor t$e was w$ere eac$ was related to t$e ot$er
2 nor $ow eac$ was related to some ot$er
%2 or t$e wa w$ere one is related to t$e ne5t
D2 or t$e was in w$ic$ t$e are related to one anot$er
32 or t$e was t$at eac$ related to some ot$er
aP(; *
Jriginall #ublis$ed in 17*;- Some Tame Gazellewas arbara Pm8s first novel- but it does not
read like an a##rentice work.
A2 does not read like an a##rentice work
2 seems not to read as an a##rentice work
%2 does not seem to read as an a##rentice work would
D2 does not read like an a##rentice work does
32 reads unlike an a##rentice work
+. Jriginall #ublis$ed in 17*;- Some Tame Gazellewas arbara Pm8s first novel- but it does
not read like an a##rentice work.
A2 does not read like an a##rentice work
2 seems not to read as an a##rentice work
%2 does not seem to read as an a##rentice work would
D2 does not read like an a##rentice work does
32 reads unlike an a##rentice work
0
In t$e traditional ?a#anese $ouse$old- most clot$ing could be #acked flatl- and so it was not
necessar to $ave elaborate closet facilities.
A2 flatl- an so it was not necessar to $ave elaborate closet facilities
2 flat- and so elaborate closet facilities were unnecessar
%2 flatl- and so t$ere was no necessit for elaborate closet facilities
D2 flat- t$ere being no necessit for elaborate closet facilities
32 flatl- as no elaborate closet facilities were necessar
);
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7. T$e unskilled workers at t$e Allenb #lant reali4ed t$at t$eir $ourl rate of K).11 to K).* was
better t$an man nearb factor wages.
A2 man nearb factor wages
2 man wages in nearb factories %2 w$at are offered b man nearb factories
D2 it is in man nearb factories
32 t$at offered b man nearb factories
0;. &ince 17; t$e number of lacks elected to state and federal offices in t$e =nited &tates $as
multi#lied nearl four times.
A2 $as multi#lied nearl four times
2 $as almost ,uadru#led
%2 $as almost multi#lied b four
D2 is almost four times as great
32 is nearl fourfold w$at it was
01. India is countr wit$ at least fift maBor regional languages- of w$om fourteen $ave official
recognition.
A2 of w$om fourteen $ave official recognition
2 fourteen t$at $ave official recognition
%2 fourteen of w$ic$ are officiall recogni4ed D2 fourteen t$at are officiall recogni4ed
32 among w$om fourteen $ave official recognition
0'. >ind resistance created b o#ening windows w$ile driving results in a fuel #enalt as great or
greater t$an is incurred b using air conditioning.
A2 as great or greater t$an is incurred b using air conditioning
2 t$at is as great or greater t$an is incurred using air conditioning
%2 as great as or greater t$an t$at of using air conditioning
D2 at least as great as air conditioning8s
32 at least as great as t$at incurred b using air conditioning
0(. At t$e time of t$e Me5ican agrarian revolution- t$e most radical faction- t$at of a#ata and
$is followers- #ro#osed a return to communal owners$i# of land- to w$at $ad been a #re6
%olumbian from of owners$i# res#ected b t$e aniards.
A2 land- to w$at $ad been a #re6%olumbian form of owners$i# res#ected b t$e aniards
2 land- a form of owners$i# of t$e #re6%olumbians and res#ected b t$e aniards
%2 land- res#ected b t$e aniards and a #re6%olumbian form of owners$i# D2 land in w$ic$ a #re6%olumbian form of owners$i# was res#ected b t$e aniards
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32 land t$at $ad been a #re6%olumbian form of owners$i# res#ected b t$e aniards
to@S
1.h!wx2. to;u!
7). As man as (;; of t$e '; #aintings attributed to "embrandt ma actuall be t$e works of $is
students or ot$er admirers.
A2 t$e '; #aintings attributed to "embrandt ma
2 t$e '; #aintings attributed to be "embrandt8s mig$t
%2 t$e '; #aintings t$at were attributed to be b "embrandt ma
D2 t$e '; "embrandt #aintings t$at were once attributed to $im mig$t
32 "embrandt8s #aintings- alt$oug$ '; were once attributed to $im- ma
#'+0 111
111. 3g#tians are credited as $aving #ioneered embalming met$ods as long ago as '+*; .%.
A2 as $aving
2 wit$ $aving
%2 to $ave
D2 as t$e ones w$o
32 for being t$e ones w$o
#'0+ 10
Pablo Picasso- t$e late anis$ #ainter- credited African art wit$ $aving $ad a strong influence on
$is work.
A2 wit$ $aving $ad
2 for its $aving
%2 to $ave $ad
D2 for $aving
32 in t$at it $ad
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6 GMATs>
6.1de8f
n1'in'n2'that()
'g
nhi
that
aP(1( 7+
Man #sc$ologists and sociologists now contend t$at t$e deliberate and even brutal aggression
integral to some forms of com#etitive at$letics increase t$e likeli$ood of imitative violence t$at
eru#ts among crowds of s#ectators dominated b oung adult males.
A2 increase t$e likeli$ood of imitative violence t$at eru#ts
2 increase t$e likeli$ood t$at t$ere will be an eru#tion of imitative violence
%2 increase t$e likeli$ood of imitative violence eru#ting
D2 increases t$e likeli$ood for imitative violence to eru#t
32increases t$e likeli$ood t$at imitative violence will eru#t
aP(1) 1;;
According to scientists at t$e =niversit of %alifornia- t$e #attern of c$anges t$at $ave occurred in
$uman D9A over t$e millennia indicate t$e #ossibilit t$at everone alive toda mig$t be
descended from a single female ancestor w$o lived in Africa sometime between 1);-;;; and
'0;-;;; ears ago.
A2 indicate t$e #ossibilit t$at everone alive toda mig$t be descended from a single female
ancestor w$o
2 indicate t$at everone alive toda mig$t #ossibl be a descendant of a single female
ancestor w$o $ad
%2 ma indicate t$at everone alive toda $as descended from a single female ancestor w$o
$ad
D2 indicates t$at everone alive toda ma be a descendant of a single female ancestor w$o
32 indicates t$at everone alive toda mig$t be a descendant from a single female ancestor
w$o
aP(17 1'(
)(
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T$e lack of com#lete $istorical records from t$e mid6to6late 10;;8s $ave made some
lack inventions difficult to trace to t$eir originators.
A2$ave made some lack inventions difficult to trace to t$eir originators
2$ave made for difficulties in tracing some inventions b lack to t$eir originators
%2$ave made it difficult to trace some inventions b lack to t$eir originatorD2$as made it difficult to trace some inventions to t$eir lack originators
32$as made it difficult in tracing some lack inventions to t$eir originators
aP(1; 0)
3ven t$oug$ ela artok8s music $as #roved less #o#ular t$an Igor &travinsk8s and less
influential t$an Arnold &c$onberg8s- it is no less im#ortant.
A2 &travinsk8s and less influential t$an Arnold &c$onberg8s- it
2 &travinsk8s and less influential t$an Arnold &c$onberg8s- $e
%2 &travinsk8s is and less influential t$an Arnold &c$onberg8s is- it
D2 &travinsk and not as influential as Arnold &c$onberg- $e
32 &travindk and not as influential as Arnold &c$onberg- it
0*. According to =nited &tate Air :orce officials- a cannon s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as
#roved $el#ful to demonstrate w$at kind of damage can result w$en Bets fl into a flock of large
birds.
A2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved $el#ful to demonstrate 2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved itself $el#ful as a demonstration of
%2 s$ooting dead c$ickens at air#lanes #roves itself $el#full as demonstrating
D2 t$at s$oots dead c$ickens at air#lanes #roves itself $el#ful to demonstrate
32 t$at s$oots dead c$ickens at air#lanes $as #roved $el#ful in demonstrating
0+. In $is eagerness to find a cit wort$ of Priam- t$e German arc$aeologist &c$liemann cut
t$roug$ Tro and uncovered a civili4ation a t$ousand ears older as was t$e cit
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A2su#erficial suc$ as w$en eac$ of t$e t$ree maBor networks
2su#erficial- as can somet$ing occur if all of t$e t$ree maBor networks
%2su#erficial if t$e t$ree maBor networks all
D2su#erficial w$enever eac$ of t$e t$ree maBor networks
32su#erficial- as w$en t$e t$ree maBor networks eac$
aP(11 00
&ince t$e 17(;8s aircraft manufacturers $ave tried to build air#lanes wit$ frictionless wings-
s$a#ed so smoot$l and #erfectl t$at t$e air #assing over t$em would not become turbulent.
A2 wings- s$a#ed so smoot$l and #erfectl
2 wings- wings so smoot$ and so #erfectl s$a#ed
%2 wings t$at are s$a#ed so smoot$ and #erfect
D2 wings- s$a#ed in suc$ a smoot$ and #erfect manner
32 wings- wings $aving been s$a#ed smoot$l and #erfectl so
07. Most victims of infectious mononucleosis recover after a few weeks of listlessness- but an
unluck few ma suffer for ears.
A2 but an unluck few ma suffer
2 and an unluck few $ave suffered
%2 t$at an unluck few mig$t suffer
D2 t$at a few being unluck ma suffer 32 but a few w$o- being unluck- suffered
7;. It was t$e loss of revenue from declines in tourism t$at in 17(* led t$e &audi aut$orities8
granting a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an t$at would later be known b t$e name of
Aramco.
A2 aut$orities8 granting a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an t$at would later be
known b t$e name of
2 aut$orities8 granting a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an later to be known as
named
%2 aut$orities granting a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an t$at would later be
known b t$e name of
D2 aut$orities to grant a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an t$at later will be known
as being
32 aut$orities to grant a concession for oil e5#loration to t$e com#an later to be known as
71. :ramed b traitorous colleagues- Alfred Drefus was im#risoned for twelve ears before t$erewas e5oneration and $is freedom.
)*
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A2 t$ere was e5oneration and $is freedom
2 $e was to be e5onerated wit$ freedom
%2 being e5onerated and freed
D2 e5oneration and $is freedom 32 being freed- $aving been e5onerated
7'. studing t$e #rimitive visual sstems of single6cell a,uatic organisms- bio#$sicists $ave
discovered a striking similarit between algae and cows- a similarit t$at indicates t$e common
evolutionar origin of #lants and animalsN bot$ algae and cows #roduce a lig$t6sensitive #rotein
called r$odo#sin.
A2 bio#$sicists $ave discovered a striking similarit between algae and cows
2 a striking similarit between algae and cows $as been discovered b bio#$sicists
%2 t$ere is a striking similarit t$at bio#$sicists $ave discovered between algae and cows
D2 t$e discover of a striking similarit between algae and cows was made b bio#$sicists
32 algae and cows $ave a striking similarit t$at was discovered b bio#$sicists.
7(. ecause oung c$ildren do not organi4e t$eir attention or #erce#tions sstematicall- like
adults- t$e ma notice and remember details t$at t$eir elders ignore.
A2 like adults
2 unlike an adult %2 as adults
D2 as adults do
32 as an adult
7). As man as (;; of t$e '; #aintings attributed to "embrandt ma actuall be t$e works of $is
students or ot$er admirers.
A2 t$e '; #aintings attributed to "embrandt ma
2 t$e '; #aintings attributed to be "embrandt8s mig$t
%2 t$e '; #aintings t$at were attributed to be b "embrandt ma
D2 t$e '; "embrandt #aintings t$at were once attributed to $im mig$t
32 "embrandt8s #aintings- alt$oug$ '; were once attributed to $im- ma
7*. &tudies of t$e $uman slee#6wake ccle $ave #ractical relevance for matters ranging from
dut assignments in nuclear submarines and air6traffic control towers to t$e staff of s$ifts in ')6
$our factories.
A2 to t$e staff of 2 to t$ose w$o staff
)+
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%2 to t$e staffing of
D2 and staffing
32 and t$e staff of
aP(1( 7+
Man #sc$ologists and sociologists now contend t$at t$e deliberate and even brutal
aggression integral to some forms of com#etitive at$letics increase t$e likeli$ood of
imitative violence t$at eru#ts among crowds of s#ectators dominated b oung adult
males.
A2 increase t$e likeli$ood of imitative violence t$at eru#ts
2 increase t$e likeli$ood t$at t$ere will be an eru#tion of imitative violence
%2 increase t$e likeli$ood of imitative violence eru#ting
D2 increases t$e likeli$ood for imitative violence to eru#t
32increases t$e likeli$ood t$at imitative violence will eru#t
70. &everal studies $ave found t$at t$e coronar #atients w$o e5ercise most activel $ave $alf or
less t$an $alf t$e c$ance of ding of a $eart attack as t$ose w$o are sedentar.
A2 $ave $alf or less t$an $alf t$e c$ance of ding of a $eart attack as t$ose w$o are sedentar
2 $ave $alf t$e c$ance- or less- of ding of a $eart attack t$an t$ose w$o are sedentar do
%2 $ave $alf t$e c$ance t$at t$e will die of a $eart attack- or less- t$an t$ose w$o are sedentar
do D2 are at least fift #ercent less likel to die of a $eart attack as t$ose w$o are sedentar
32 are at least fift #ercent less likel t$an t$ose w$o are sedentar to die of a $eart attack
77. Most nations regard t$eir airs#ace as e5tending u#ward as $ig$ as an aircraft can fl/ no
s#ecific altitude- $owever- $as been officiall recogni4ed as a boundar.
A2 as e5tending
2 as t$e e5tent
%2 to be an e5tent
D2 to be an e5tension
32 to e5tend
1;;. According to scientists at t$e =niversit of %alifornia- t$e #attern of c$anges t$at $ave
occurred in $uman D9A over t$e millennia indicate t$e #ossibilit t$at everone alive toda
mig$t be descended from a single female ancestor w$o lived in Africa sometime between 1);-;;;
and '0;-;;; ears ago.
A2 indicate t$e #ossibilit t$at everone alive toda mig$t be descended from a single femaleancestor w$o
)
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2 indicate t$at everone alive toda mig$t #ossibl be a descendant of a single female
ancestor w$o $ad
%2 ma indicate t$at everone alive toda $as descended from a single female ancestor w$o
$ad
D2 indicates t$at everone alive toda ma be a descendant of a single female ancestor w$o 32 indicates t$at everone alive toda mig$t be a descendant from a single female ancestor
w$o
Part I GMATP
(. &ome bat caves- like $onebee $ives- $ave residents t$at take on different duties suc$ as
defending t$e entrance- acting as sentinels and to sound a warning at t$e a##roac$ of danger- and
scouting outside t$e cave for new food and roosting sites.
A2 acting as sentinels and to sound
2 acting as sentinels and sounding
%2 to act as sentinels and sound
D2 to act as sentinels and to sound
32 to act as a sentinel sounding
). T$e onl wa for growers to salvage fro4en citrus is to #rocess t$em ,uickl into Buiceconcentrate before t$e rot w$en warmer weat$er returns.
A2 to #rocess t$em ,uickl into Buice concentrate before t$e rot w$en warmer weat$er returns
2 if t$e are ,uickl #rocessed into Buice concentrate before warmer weat$er returns to rot
t$em
%2 for t$em to be #rocessed ,uickl into Buice concentrate before t$e fruit rots w$en warmer
weat$er returns
D2 if t$e fruit is ,uickl #rocessed into Buice concentrate before t$e rot w$en warmer weat$er
returns
32 to $ave it ,uickl #rocessed into Buice concentrate before warmer weat$er returns and rots t$e
fruit
*. %arbon61) dating reveals t$at t$e megalit$ic monuments in rittan are nearl '-;;; ears as
old as an of t$eir su##osed Mediterranean #redecessors.
A2 as old as an of t$eir su##osed
2 older t$an an of t$eir su##osed
%2 as old as t$eir su##osed D2 older t$an an of t$eir su##osedl
)0
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32 as old as t$eir su##osedl
+. In virtuall all t#es of tissue in ever animal s#ecies- dio5in induces t$e #roduction of en4mes
t$at are t$e organism8s tring to metaboli4e- or render $armless- t$e c$emical t$at is irritating it .
A2 tring to metaboli4e- or render $armless- t$e c$emical t$at is irritating it
2 tring t$at it metaboli4e- or render $armless- t$e c$emical irritant
%2 attem#t to tr to metaboli4e- or render $armless- suc$ a c$emical irritant
D2 attem#t to tr and metaboli4e- or render $armless- t$e c$emical irritating it
32 attem#t to metaboli4e- or render $armless- t$e c$emical irritant
. Dr.
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2 t$at t$e believe it to be
%2 t$e believe t$at it is of
D2 t$e believe t$at is
32 t$e believe to be of
1;.
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ratio of debt to e,uit in t$e same wa as establis$ed big businesses- because t$e are growing and
are seldom in e,uilibrium.
1(. &tate officials re#ort t$at soaring rates of liabilit insurance $ave risen to force cutbacks in t$e
o#erations of evert$ing from local governments and sc$ool districts to da6care centers andrecreational facilities.
A2 rates of liabilit insurance $ave risen to force
2 rates of liabilit insurance are a force for
%2 rates for liabilit insurance are forcing
D2 rises in liabilit insurance rates are forcing
32 liabilit insurance rates $ave risen to force
1). Paleontologists believe t$at fragments of a #rimate Bawbone uneart$ed in urma and estimated
at ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of a crucial ste# along t$e evolutionar #at$ t$at led
to $uman beings.
A2 at ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of
2 as being ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of
%2 t$at it is ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of w$at was
D2 to be ); to )) million ears old #rovide evidence of
32 as ); to )) million ears old #rovides evidence of w$at was
1*. In $is researc$ #a#er- Dr. :ros$- medical director of t$e Pane >$itne %linic- distinguis$es
mood swings- w$ic$