173580615 bitumen safety code

8/12/2019 173580615 Bitumen Safety Code

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INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUMBitumen Safety Code

Being Part II of theInstitute of Petroleum

Model Code of Safe Practice in the

Petroleum Industry

3rd Edition

July 1990

Published on behl! o!

T"E INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM# LON$ON

by

John %iley & Sons

'hi(hester ) Ne* +or, ) -risbne ) Toronto ) Sin./ore

'o/yri.ht 1991 by The Institute o! Petroleu# London

Re/rinted Mr(h 1992

ll ri.hts reser4ed)

No /rt o! this boo, y be re/rodu(ed by ny ens# or trnsitted# or trnslted into (hineln.u.e *ithout the *ritten /erission o! the /ublisher)

Library of Congress Cataloging - in -Publication Data:

Institute o! Petroleu 56ret -ritin7

-ituen s!ety (ode 8 Institute o! Petroleu3rd ed)P) () 5The Institute o! Petroleu odel (ode o! s!e /r(ti(e in the /etroleu industry : /t) 11 7

;Published on behl! o! the Institute o! Petroleu) London);IS-N 0 92-?1?= 1991>>?)?;3@@d(20

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data:

Institute o! Petroleu

-ituen s!ety (ode3rd) ed)

1) -ituen) S!ety esures

1) Title 11) Series>>?)?3@@ 9020=>2

'IP

IS-N 0


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CONTENTS

Foreword

1. General Information

1)1 S(o/e nd //li(bility o! the 'ode1)2 $e!inition o! -ituen

1)3 -ituen Eulsions1)< The "Ards

2. Health Protetion

2)1 Introdu(tion2)2 S,in -us

2)3 -ituen Fues

2)< "ydro.en Sul/hide

2)? S,in 'ont(t *ith -ituen )

2)> "elth Sur4eilln(e

2)= 'lssi!i(tion) P(,.in. nd Lbellin.2)@ ddendu in Res/e(t o! 'ol Tr Mterils

!. Fire Pre"ention

3)1 Introdu(tion

3)2 'ontrol o! Flble tos/heres3)3 The 'ontrol o! Sour(es o! I.nition

3)< Fire Pre(utions !or n(illry Petroleu Mterils# or Fuels sso(ited *ith -ituenInstlltions

#. Fire Fi$htin$

Mintenn(e nd Tn, 'lenin.

). *oadin$+ Tran,-ort and i,har$e@)1 Introdu(tion

@)2 -ul, Trns/ort 'ontiners

@)3 Rod nd Ril Tn, ((ess 6ntries

@)< Pneuti( $is(hr.e Systes@)? Pi/e*or,

@)> "oses@)= $rinin. o! Lodin. rs) 'hutes nd "oses


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@)@ Rod Tn,er nd Ril(r O/ertions )

@)9 Shi/ nd -r.e O/ertions !or -ul, -ituen 'r.oes

@)10 P(,.in.

@)11 'lern(e o! Pi/e*or, -lo(,.es

@)12 O/ertor Prote(tion

/. Produt 0,er Guidane

9)1 Introdu(tion

9)2 -ul, Su//lies9)3 P(,.ed Su//lies9)< Mobile -ituen "etin. Dettles !or -ituens nd Msti(s

9)? Roo!in.9)> Floorin.

9)= s/hlt Mnu!(ture nd Use

9)@ Sur!(e $ressin. o! Rods

9)9 Sury o! "elth Pre(utions in die Use o! Petroleu -ituens

1. Sam-lin$10)1 Introdu(tion

10)2 $i/ S/lin.

10)3 S/le l4es

--endie,

.'lssi!i(tion o! Petroleu nd its Produ(ts by the Institute o! PetroleuB.Re(oended -ituen "ndlin. Te/ertures

C) 6lossry o! Ters) The //li(tion o! re 'lssi!i(tion

E) EC/osure to -ituen by S,in 'ont(t nd Inhltion

F) Re!eren(es)

Fi$ure,

=)1 re 'lssi!i(tion !or 'utb(, -ituens

=)2 'one Roo! Tn, !or 'lss 1 $iluents

@)1 Ty/i(l 'urrent "Ard %rnin. Pnel !or -ituen Rod nd Ril Tn,ers in the UD

@)2 TeCt o! Trns/ort Eer.en(y 5Tre7 'rd !or -ituen

9)1 EC/le o! 6uide !or the S!e Re(ei/t o! -ul, -ituen9)2 Su..ested TeCt !or First id Poster

Ta3le,

1)1 Penetrtion 6rde -ituens1)2 "rd 6rde -ituens

1)3 OCidised 6rde -ituens1)< 'utb(, -ituens


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This u/dte to the 'ode .i4es /roinent ttention to the esures tht should be t,en to iniise

the li,elihood o! flammable (ondition in or round the 4/our s/(e o! bitumen tn,.e nd !or the

(ontrol o4er /otentil sources of ignition, both ele(tri(l nd nonele(tri(l) This .uidn(e should be

dr*n to the ttention o! ll *ith res/onsibility !or the desi.n# (onstru(tion# intenn(e nd

o/ertion o! bitumen hndlin. /lntboth in the nu!(turin. nd bul, distribution# but no less inthe (oer(il user se(tion o! the bitumen industry) *here the (onditions o! (lose (ontrol y be

less esily ttinble thn is the (se *ithin the /etroleu industry .enerlly)

In ddition to the /rti(ulr !o(us on the s/e(ts o! !lbility /resented in 'h/ters 3# ? nd =#

the other (h/ters o! the 19=9 'ode h4e lso been eCtensi4ely re4ie*ed nd u.ented s

//ro/rite) ttention should be dr*n to the re(oendtions on helth s/e(ts nd /ersonl/rote(tion in 'h/ter 2) to the /rodu(t user .uidn(e in 'h/ter 9 nd to the eC/nded .uidn(e onintenn(e nd tn, (lenin. in 'h/ter =# *ith its eCtended se(tions on s!e entry (onditions nd

the (ontrol o! hot *or,)The 'ode .i4es !or the ost /rt re(oendtions !or s!e /r(ti(e rther thn set o! ri.id rules) In

deterinin. ny reBuired s!e /ro(edures# the e!!e(t o! ny unusul (ir(ustn(e# on *hi(h it is

i/ossible to .enerlise# should re(ei4e due (onsidertion) lthou.h it is belie4ed tht do/tion o! the

'ode;s re(oendtions *ill hel/ to redu(e the ris, o! ((ident# the Institute o! Petroleu (nnot((e/t ny res/onsibility# o! ny ,ind# !or d.e or lle.ed d.e risin. or other*ise o((urrin. in

or bout /reises) res or 4ehi(les to *hi(h this 'ode //lies)Sttutory reBuireents eCist in ny (ountries nd these should l*ys be (o/lied *ith)

This 'ode hs been /re/red by %or,in. 6rou/ re/ortin. to the IP S!ety Sub'oittee nd *ill

be re4ie*ed !ro tie to tie) It *ould be o! .ret ssistn(e in ny !uture re4ision i! users *ouldsend (oents or su..estions !or i/ro4eent to:

The Se(retry# S!ety Sub'oitteeInstitute o! Petroleu

>1 Ne* '4endish StreetLondon % 1 M @R

1

GENE4* INFO4&TION

1.1 SCOPE N PP*ICBI*IT6 OF THE COE

This 'ode (o4ers s!ety in nu!(ture# stor.e) distribution nd use o! bitumen.

It //lies .enerlly to ll .rdes o! bitumen eetin. interntionlly re(o.nised s/e(i!i(tions but*here d4i(e is .rde de/endent s in the (se o! stor.e te/erture .uidn(e# it re!ers to

bitumens eetin. the -ritish Stndrd s/e(i!i(tions re!erred to in 1)2)1 to 1)3 nd Tbles 1) 1 to1)


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iCture o! bitumen nd inerl tter su(h s stone# snd nd !iller) "o*e4er# in the US) the ter

as$halt is //lied to the /rodu(t de!ined in ost /rts o! the *orld s bitumen.

%hen nturl see/.es o! bitumen re intruded by !ine inerl tter# they re re!erred to s

nturl as$halts 5s/hlte7)

Four /rin(i/l ty/es o! bitumen re re(o.nised) These re re!erred to s $enetration grade. hardgrade. %&idised grade nd cutbac# bitumens.

1.2.1 Penetration Grade Bitumen,

These re /rodu(ed s residul /rodu(ts !ro the distilltion o! /etroleu# sube(ted in soe (ses

s outlined in 'h/ter ? to /rtil oCidtion /ro(ess)-ritish Stndrd .rdes 5see Tble 1)17 re desi.nted by nuber re/resentin. the id/oint o! the/enetrtion rn.e nd the su!!iC ;/en; nd siilr rn.e is to be !ound in other ntionl

s/e(i!i(tions) These bitumens re used /rin(i/lly !or rod sur!(in. but lso !or industril//li(tions nd roo!in.)

1.2.2 Hard Grade Bitumen,

These re /rodu(ed in *ys siilr to those used !or$enetration grade bitumens but they h4e lo*er$enetration values nd hi.her softening $oints. -ritish Stndrd .rdes 5see Tble 1)27 re

desi.nted by the /re!iC G"H !ollo*ed by t*o nubers re/resentin. the liits o! the softening $ointrn.e) These bitumens re used# !or eC/le in /ints nd enels)

1.2.! O7idi,ed Grade Bitumen,These re /rodu(ed s des(ribed in 'h/ter ? by /ssin. ir under (ontrolled te/erture (onditions

throu.h so!t bitumens diCed *ith flu&) They re ore rubber li,e thn $enetration nd hard

grade bitumens. -ritish Stndrd .rdes 5see Tble 1)37 re desi.nted by t*o nubers re/resentin.the id/oints o! the softening $oint nd /enetrtion rn.es in tht order) These bitumens re used

*idely in the nu!(ture o! roo!in. !elts) *ter/roo! //ers nd ele(tri(l .oods)

1.2.# Cut3a8 Bitumen,

These re bitumens. the viscosities o! *hi(h h4e been redu(ed by blendin. *ith lo* 4is(osity

diluents:,erosine !or eC/le s in the -ritish Stndrd .rdes o! -S 3>90 5see Tble 1)


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They re (onsidered !irst .enerlly under the hedin.s o! "elth Prote(tion) Fire Pre4ention nd Fire

Fi.htin.# nd then ore s/e(i!i(lly in reltion to the 4rious /hses of bitumen hndlin.) !ro its

nu!(ture throu.h to its ultite use)

Ta3le 1.1. Penetrtion .rde bituens 5-S 3>90 Prt 176rde

Pro/erty Test

Method 1? /en 2? /en 3? /en ?0/en =0/en 100/en 200/en 300/en


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5b7Penetrtion t 2?o' IP 100 to 3?0 100 to 3?0 100 to 3?0

o! residue !ro distilltion

to 3>0o'

Stndrd tr 4is(oeter)

2

HE*TH P4OTECTION2.1 INT4O0CTION

This (h/ter .i4es d4i(e on the hazards sso(ited *ith bitumen defined s in 'h/ter 17 nd the/ersonl /rote(tion nd systes o! *or, tht should be (onsidered to /rote(t .inst these)

The in (ute hazards to helth rise out o! the hetin. o! the /rodu(t !or hndlin. or use) Not

bituen (n .i4e rise to serious bus# "eted bituen e4ol4es !ues nd /rti(ulrly i! sube(ted to

4ery hi.h te/erture# (n e4ol4e hydro.en sul/hide# *hi(h (n (rete si.ni!i(nt helth hazard

in (on!ined s/(es su(h s tn, ull.es)

t bient te/ertures bituen is norlly solid nd iobile nd thus .i4es rise to) no (ute or(hroni( helth hazards.

"o*e4er (hroni( hazards (n rise *hen bituen is heted nd fumes evolve nd *hen bituen is

iCed *ith other substn(es)Bitumens contain /oly(y(li( roti( hydro(rbons PA() in (on(entrtions in the lo* /er(ent.e

rn.e)

Soe o! these (o/ounds *ith < to > !used rin.s nd hi.h boilin. /oints h4e been deonstrted innil studies to h4e carcinogenic/ro/rieties) These /rti(ulr studiesre ,no*n to be /resent in

bituen in 4ery sll (on(entrtions) It ust ho*e4er# be e/hsised tht the (on(entrtions o!P"s /resent in bituen re se4erl orders o! .nitude lo*er thno((ur in (ol tr /rodu(ts# *hi(h

re ,no*n to be (r(ino.eni()

%hilst bituen *hi(h is solid t bient te/ertures is not belie4ed to /resent ny (hroni( hazard,

ho*e4er *hen (ut b(, *ith diluent it should be re.rded s /osin. carcinogenic ris# to the s,in i!

re.ulr nd re/eted eC/osure *ere to t,e /l(e o4er ny yers *ith /oor /ersonl hy.iene) See

2)?)

O*in. to the /resen(e o! the P"s in the !ues .i4en o!! *hen bituen is heted# interest in the(hroni(toCi(ity o! these !ues eCists nd this is dis(ussed !urther belo*) See 2)3)

Modi!ied -ituens nd $eri4ti4es -ituen is used in nubero! !orulted /rodu(ts) e).) in

s/e(il bitumens for /rti(ulr //li(tions# buildin. /rodu(ts# /reser4ti4es nd lubri(nts) Su(h!orultions reBuire dditionl (onsidertion o*in. to the toCi(ity o! the (o/onents diCed nd

s/e(i!i( d4i(eon the hazards nd /re(utions (n only be obtined !ro the s!ety dt sheet o! the su//lier)

-e(use o! this it is re(oended tht (orre(t identi!i(tion o! bituen ty/e nd .rde be de by

re!eren(e to the su//liers; dt sheets be!ore introdu(tion in the *or, /l(e so tht the //ro/rite

/re(utions re estblished)

2.2 S:IN B04NS

ll bituen is hndled s heted liBuid t te/ertures bo4e 100o' t soe st.e durin.

/ro(essin. nd trns/orttion nd *hen it is bein. in(or/orted in iC or /re/rtion or used in its

!inl //li(tion) In its heted !or it *ill dhere redily to ny eC/osed /rt o! the body# usully

(usin. bus be!ore it (ools or (n be reo4ed)

2;.1 Proteti"e Clothin$ a$ain,t S8in and Eye Burn,

The obe(ti4e in /ro4idin. /rote(ti4e (lothin. to /re4ent burns ust be to eliinte s,in or eye(ont(t *ith the hot liBuid) $e/endin. u/on the o/ertion in Buestion# the !ollo*in. should l*ys be

used:

O4erlls *hi(h re desi.ned to shed s/lshes nd s/ills *y !ro the body by ens o!

(lose!ittin. (u!!s nd le.ends (/ble o! o4erl//in. the !oot *er# to.ether *ith suitble

!(e nd eye shield) The le.s o! o4erlls ust be *orn outside the boots)

"etresistnt .lo4es *ith (lose!ittin. (u!!s)


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"etresistnt he4y duty boots *ith (lose !ittin. t the to/) -oots re /re!erble to shoes#

nd under no (ir(ustn(es should li.ht shoes# sndls et( be *orn)

I! there is si.ni!i(nt ris, o! s/lshin.# the !urther dditionl ites or /rote(ti4e (lothin. should lso

be used:

Full hed nd !(e /rote(tion *ith ne(,!l/ !ittin. o4er the (ollr)

ne(, (loth)

2.2.2 Fir,t id for S8in or Eye Burn,

Eer.en(y *ter sho*ers) e).) o! the ste/on ty/e# nd eye bth !(ilities should be /ro4ided

*hene4er bitumen is hndled t n ele4ted te/erture)ll bitumen bus should re(ei4e edi(l ttention *ithout dely nd bus to the eyes ust be

re!erred ur.ently !or edi(l ttention)

-us to the s,in or eye should be ieditely (ooled by /l(in. the bu re o! the body under

(len (old runnin. *ter) This tretent should be (ontinued until the bitumen hs (ooled nd this(ould t,e u/ to 1? inutes) No tte/t should be de to reo4e the bitumen !ro the s,in or

re o! the eye s it !ors sterile brrier to the !!e(ted /rt nd *ill /rote(t .inst in!e(tion) bitumen /lBue *ill norlly det(h itsel! *ithin !e* dys)

In the (se o! bus to the hed nd ne(,# shoulders# (hest# b(, or other /rts o! the body# (old *et

to*els (n be //lied to the bu re until /in is relie4ed)Lotions nd ointents should not be //lied# but eC /osed) bus (n be li.htly (o4ered by sterile

bu dressin.s to eC(lude ir *r//in. the (sulty in bln,ets or ny *ool dressin. should be

4oided but# s sho(, *ill usully o((ur# the /tient should be ,e/t *r nd /ro4ided *ith /lenti!ul!resh ir) Only sll ounts o! liBuid should be .i4en t !reBuent inter4ls nd only i! the /tient is

(ons(ious nd hs no other inuries e).) !r(tured libs# *hi(h y reBuire .enerl nestheti(

*hen hos/itlised) No l(oholi( be4er.es o! ny ,ind should be .i4en)

%here bitumen en(ir(les lib or !in.er# tourniBuet e!!e(t (n o((ur s the bitumen (ools) In su(h

(ir(u stn(es edi(l ttention should be sou.ht t the erliest /ossible oent !ter (oolin.) It

y be ne(essry soe eCtree (ir(ustn(es to redu(e the ount o! (oolin. in order to .et the/tient to /hysi(in *ho (n relie4e this e!!e(t) The obe(ti4e is to intin the (ir(ultion by

bre,in. the en(ir(leent nd this y be done by *e,enin. the rin. by dissol4in. or i! ne(essry

(uttin. it)In res or lo(tions *here /ro!essionl edi(l ssistn(e (nnot be obtined *ithin resonble

tie# it y be ne(essry !or !irstider to t,e (tion)

I! it be(oes essentil to reo4e bitumen /lBue !ro the s,in# this should be done by s*bbin.*ith edi(inlly//ro4ed 4e.etble oil# or liberl ounts o! *r edi(inl /r!!in) This should

be !ollo*ed by *shin. *ith so/ nd *ter nd the //li(tion o! edi(lly//ro4ed re!ttin..ent) Sol4ents su(h s .soline# ,erosine# .s oil or diesel !uel# *hi(h re s,in irritnts should ne4er

be used)

Fi.ure 9)1 .i4es the re(oended teCt o! First id Poster on (tions to be t,en in the e4ent o!

bu)

These (n be /osted in /roinent /osition t lr.e lo(tions# e).) bitumen /lnts# or distributed in

the !or o! /o(,et (rd to obile *or,ers)t obile sites# e).) *here hot s/ryin. is (rried out# *here su//ly o! *ter is not 4ilble the

/ro4ision o! n eer.en(y su//ly is re(oended) This (ould t,e the !or o! *ter !illed stored/ressure eCtin.uisher odi!ied by the ddition o! !ine s/ry ty/e noAAle held in redily ((essible

/l(e) It should be (lerly r,ed to indi(te it is not to be used to (obt !ires nd is !or !irst id

use only)

2.! BIT0&EN F0&ES

%hen bitumen is heted) fumes (o/risin. iCture o! /rti(ulte bitumen, hydro(rbon 4/our nd

hydro.en sul/hide .s re .i4en o!!) s rule# *hen *or,in. in the o/en ir# hydro.en sul/hide is

unli,ely to /ose ris, to helth) The hazard rises *hen hydro.en sul/hide ((uultes in (on!ined

hed s/(es o! heted tn,s s result o! the re(tions *hi(h h4e been outlined in 3)2)2)3)

This is delt *ith in 2)


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%hilst to dte there is no (on(lusi4e e4iden(e to su..est tht bitumen fumes re carcinogenic,

!urther *or, is /ro(eedin.# nd d4i(e y h4e to be ended in li.ht o! this nd other reser(h

*or,) Ne4ertheless# bitumen fumes (n (use irrittion to the res/irtory syste nd !or this reson

n o((u/tionl eC/osure liit *s introdu(ed)

Bitumen fumes there!ore /ose hazards to the s,in nd res/irtory syste) The fumes eittedin(rese r/idly *hen bitumen is sube(ted to unne(essrily hi.h te /ertures) 're should be

t,en to /re4ent o4erhetin. nd to iniise s,in (ont(t by the use o! //ro/rite /ersonl

/rote(ti4e eBui/ent nd ttention ust be /id to o((u/tionl eC/osure liits)

In the UD there is n O((u/tionl EC/osure Stndrd 5OES7 *hi(h is dire(tly //li(ble to bituen

*hi(h hs not been diCed *ith ny other teril) This is the OES !or ;s/hlt# Petroleu *umes'*hi(h is /ublished in the "elth nd S!ety ECe(uti4e;s (urrent nnul 6uidn(e Note E"8@< ;Re4ie* o! Bitumen *ume EC/osure nd 6uidn(e on Mesureent;) The/ro(edure# *hi(h is (o/leC) !irst uses the ultr !ine (o/osite biter in(or/orted in /ersonl

s/ler to deterine totl /rti(ulte tter 5TPM7) *hi(h !ill in(lude eril dust nd other inerl

teril) This is then sol4ent eCtr(ted to deterine the benAene soluble teril 5-SM7# *hi(h .i4estheAs$halt Petroleu *ume eBui4lent) It hs been noted in E"


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The odour threshold o! hydro.en sul/hide is *ell belo* 1 //) "o*e4er) the !ilir bd e..s

odour (nnot be relied u/on to *rn o! the /resen(e o! dn.erous (on(entrtions be(use the .s

r/idly dedens the sense o! sell e4en (on(entrtions o! 20 //# *ell belo* hArdous le4el)

Prolon.ed eC/osure to (on(entrtions bo4e ?0 // /rodu(es irrittion o! the eyes nd u(ous

ebrnes o! the nose# throt nd lun.s)EC/osure !or 30 inutes or so u/ to (on(entrtion o! 200 // (n be tolerted *ithout serious (on

seBuen(es but should be 4oided) See belo*)

ny eC/osure to (on(entrtions bo4e ?00 // (n result in deth nd t le4els bo4e =00 //

un(ons(iousness nd (oll/se (n o((ur in se(onds)

In the UD the O((u/tionl EC/osure Stndrd Buoted in the "elth nd S!ety ECe(uti4es 6uidn(eNote E") 1)7

2.#.2 Emer$eny Fir,t id for Per,on, ffeted 3y Hydro$en Sul-hide

Res(uers li,e*ise should not enter sus/e(t tos/heres *ithout //ro/rite breathing a$$aratus nd

*ithout se(ond /erson siilrly eBui//ed stndin. by the tn, entry) See =)>) 1)

Persons !!e(ted by inhltion o! hydro.en sul/hide should be reo4ed s soon s /ossible to n

un(ontinted re in the !resh ir)Medi(l ttention should be (lled *ithout dely nd iedite resus(ittion /ro(edures (oen(ed

s !ollo*s:

'ons(iousness should be s(ertined by shoutin. nuber o! ties nd by .entle sh,in.#

t,in. (re o! /ossible inury)

I! (ons(ious the (sulty should be /l(ed in the re(o4ery /osition# i)e) on the side nd *ith

hed do*n*rds to /re4ent (ho,in. i! 4oitin. o((urs)

I! not (ons(ious# /l(e on the b(, nd loo,# listen nd !eel !or si.ns o! brethin.)

I! the hert hs sto//ed# eCternl (rdi( ss.e should be e/loyed# usin. eCternl (hest

(o/ression +CC).

I! the /tient is not brethin.# n iedite (he(, should be de by !irst o/enin. the outh

to ensure tht the ir*y is (ler 5i! ne(essry reo4in. 4oit# blood# loose teeth or bro,endentures !ro the outh or throt7 nd rti!i(il res/irtion //lied by eC/ired ir

resus(ittion +A) usin. the outhtoouth or outhtonose ethod)

I! or *hen the hert nd lun. o/ertion is norl# the (sulty should be /l(ed in the

re(o4ery /osition) i)e) on the side# nd *ith the hed do*n*rds in (se o! 4oitin.) I!

brethin.# he should be .i4en oCy.en# *hi(h should be 4ilble on stndby bsis)


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ll /ersons *ho y be reBuired to dinister su(h tretent should re(ei4e deBute trinin. in its

/ro(edure) suitble .uidn(e le!let *ritten by the Resus(ittion 'oun(il 5UD7 is 4ilble !ro the

-ritish "ert Foundtion# 102 6lou(ester Pl(e# London %1"


12/69

%hen the bitumen is hndled in !or in *hi(h s/lshin. is /ossible# /ersonl /rote(ti4e (lothin.

should be o! n i/er4ious ty/e nd suitble eye nd !(e /rote(tion should be used)

%hen bituinous /rodu(ts re bein. s/ryed or en(ountered in the !or o! n erosol# the d4i(e

.i4en in 2)3 bo4e should be !ollo*ed)

O4erlls should be dry (lened s ne(essry to 4oid /eretion o! the /rodu(t to under(lothin.)Under (lothin. (ontinted *ith the /rodu(t should be dry (lened or dis(rded)

2.%.2 Fir,t id and Per,onal Hy$iene

In the e4ent o! nonheted bituinous /rodu(ts enterin. the eye# the eye should be !lushed *ith

(o/ious Buntities o! (len *ter) I! irrittion /ersists# the /tient should be re!erred !or edi(lttention)Persons en..ed in the nu!(ture) blendin. or use o! bitumen t *or, should be /ro4ided *ith

//ro/rite barrier creams !or the hnds nd *shin. !(ilities in(ludin. hot *ter# so/ nd (lento*els# /re!erbly dis/osble)

Lo* te/erture s,in (ont(t norlly does not reBuire !irst id but the /rodu(t should be *shed o!!

the s,in ieditely !ter ny (ontintion nd t the end o! e(h *or, /eriod# *ith /ro/rietry#

s,in (lenser# so/ nd *ter) Re!ttin. s,in /re/rtions should be used !ter *shin. to ssist inre/l(in. nturl oils)

Under no (ir(ustn(es should /erson *ho hs been hndlin. bituinous /rodu(ts et# drin,#so,e or .o to the toilet *ithout !irst *shin. the hnds)

The //li(tion o! barrier creams to the s,in) /rior to *or, *ith bitumen, ssists in subseBuent

(lensin.should (ont(t o((ur) It ust be stressed# ho*e4er# tht barrier creams re not deBute substitutes

!or .lo4es or other i/ereble (lothin. nd should there!ore not be used s the sole !or o!

/rote(tion)Sol4ents su(h s .soline 5/etrol7# ,erosine 5/r!!in7# .s oil or diesel !uel should not be used !or

s,in(lensin. /ur/oses be(use they d.e the s,in) 6soline in /rti(ulr lso /oses serious !ire

hazard.

2.%.! Bitumen Emul,ion,Bitumen emulsions y tend to be irrittin. to the s,in nd eyes nd (ould lso /rodu(e ller.i(

res/onses in soe indi4iduls) Su(h irrittion e!!e(ts rise inly !ro the eulsi!yin. .ents nd(ids nd bses used)

2.' HE*TH S0490 'Bitumens for -uildin.

nd


13/69

'i4il En.ineerin.: Prt 3; .i4es the !ollo*in. de!initions:

Pith) The bl(, or dr, bro*n solid or seisolid residue reinin. !ter the /rtil

e4/ortion or !r(tionl distilltion o! (rude trs /rodu(ed *holly or substntilly s

by/rodu(t in the (rbonistion o! (ol t te/ertures in eC(ess o! >00o')

4efined tar) Tr /re/red !ro the /it(h nd oil !r(tions resultin. !ro the distilltion o!

(rude trs /rodu(ed *holly or substntilly s by/rodu(t in the (rbonistion o! (ol t

te/ertures eC(eedin. >00o')

-S 3>90 Prt 3 then .i4es stndrds in res/e(t o! series o! $itch"bitumen and trbitueniCes !or use in rod sur!(e dressin.# in *hi(h these (ontin 20 to 2? by ss o! /it(h) nd30 to ?? o! re!ined tr# *ith the reinder bein. de u/ o! $enetration grade bitumen

(o/lyin. *ith -S3>90 Prt 1) See Tble 1)1) Li,e bitumens, these iCtures re desi.ntedby the .rde su!!iCes ;/en; nd ;se(s;# nd to 4oid (on!usion the !ollo*in. !uller re4ie* is

o!!ered:

'ol tr nd /it(h h4e been listed by the "elth nd S!ety ECe(uti4e s carcinogenicin their(utionry .uidn(e MS5-7< ;S,in 'n(er (used by Pit(h nd Tr;# *hi(h users re reBuired to !ollo*)

In this res/e(t# the /resen(e o! sll Buntities o! rin. /oly(y(li( roti( (o/ounds in bitumen*s entioned in 2)3) nlyti(l dt !or this *ere /ro4ided to IR' !or their re4ie* o! bitumen

5%ll(4e et l 19=17) This sho*ed# in (o/rison o! these dt !or nuber o! /etroleu

bitumens *ith (o/rble nlyses !or (ol tr nd /it(h# tht the (ontent o! rin. /oly(y(li(roti(s o! these ltter *s soe three orders 51000s7 hi.her thn !or the bitumens.

It is !or this reson tht *hen (ol tr or /it(h# or iCtures o! these *ith bitumens, s in -S 3>90

Prt 3# re used# the s!ety dt sheets o! the su//liers should be !ollo*ed)In the (se *here bituinous ty/e terils o! un,no*n or un(ertin ori.in re to be used# nd

(on!irtion tht they re not *holly o! /etroleu bitumen ori.in (nnot be obtined# throu.h loss o!

lbellin. et()# it *ould be /rudent to !ollo* the helth .uidn(e o! the /re4ious IP Bitumen S!ety

'ode 519=97# nd hndle the in the se *y s (ol tr /rodu(ts)

It hs lso been noted in 2)1 tht toCi( hazards (n rise *hen bitumens (ontin diluent !luCes su(h

s (ol tr n/hth# tr !luC oil or (reosote) 'reosote norlly (ontins toCi( /henoli( (o/ounds#*hi(h re redily bsorbed throu.h the s,in# nd these !luCes lso (ontin /oly(yli( roti(

(o/ounds) It is there!ore ne(essry !or su//liers o! /rodu(ts (ontinin. su(h terils to distribute

//ro/rite s!ety dt sheets# nd !or users o! (utb(, *hi(h y (ontin (o/onents o! un,no*nori.in to eCer(ise due (ution in res/e(t o! their hndlin. nd (ont(t *ith the body)

!

FI4E P4E


14/69

tn,until the /er(ent.e o! 4/our re(hes hi.her le4el in ir o! bout @ 4olue) %hen it is sid

to be ;bo4e the u//er !lble limit ', or ;too ri(h to burn;)

The norl /ro(edure !or the (ontrol o! !lble atmos$heres is bsed on the (lssi!i(tion o! the

/rodu(t bein. hndled# usin. the Institute o! Petroleu syste o! (lssi!i(tion 5see //endiC 7 or

eBui4lent nd then to //ly lyout# (onstru(tion# nd o/ertionl (odes s //ro/rite to the /rodu(t(lss) In the use o! this (lssi!i(tion ost i/ortnt !(tor in deterinin. the desi.n nd lyout s

*ell s o/ertionl /re(utions is the subdi4ision o! the 'lsses II nd III ((ordin. to *hether they

re to be stored or hndled t te/ertures belo* 5subdi4ision 5177) or bo4e die flash$oint sub"

di4ision 5277)

In the (se o! bitumen, this /ro(edure is dire(tly //li(ble only to cutbac# .rdes) See 3)2) 1)lternti4e //ro(hes re ne(essry !or bitumens other thn (utb(, .rdes) See 3)2)2)

!.2.1 Cut3a8 Bitumen,Bitumens cut b(, *ith ,erosine norlly h4e !lsh /oints in the 'lss 111 rn.e 5see //endiC 7)

They re re.ulrly hndled t te/ertures bo4e their !lsh /oints nd should there!ore norlly be

stored nd hndled s 'lss III527 /rodu(ts) See =)2)2)

'utb(, .rdes de *ith sol4ents ore 4oltile thn ,erosine (n h4e !lsh /oints in the 'lss IIrn.e# nd *hen stored# or hndled t te/ertures bo4e their !lsh /oint they should be (lssi!ied

s 'lss 11527 /rodu(ts !or *hi(h =)2)2 .in *ill //ly)To surise# !lble atmos$heres in (utb(, o/ertions (n o((ur:

in (utb(, tn, 4/our s/(es t norl *or,in. te/ertures#

in the 4i(inities o! 4ents !ro tn,s# /rti(ulrly durin. hetin. nd !illin.# in the 4i(inities o! iCin. nd s/ryin. o/ertions)

Sources of ignition should be (ontrolled in these res) See =)2)2 nd 9)@)1)

The !(t tht (utb(, bitumens at norl *or,in. te/ertures o!ten /rodu(e tos/heres too ri(hin !lble 4/our to be !lble *ithout ddition o! ir# ust not be relied u/on s s!e.urd

.inst the /resen(e o! !lble atmos$here !herever they re hndled in (ont(t *ith ir *ith(onseBuent dilution do*n to *ithin the !lble range, e).) t 4ents nd other tn, o/enin.s) For

the hndlin. o! the cutbac# diluents see =)2)3)

!.2.2 Bitumen, other than Cut3a8 Grade,This (te.ory in(ludes$enetration, hard nd o&idised .rde bituens *hi(h reBuire di!!erent hndlin.

in ((ordn(e *ith the !ollo*in.)Bitumens other thn (utb(, .rdes norlly h4e !lsh /oints *hen deterined by (on4entionl test

ethods *ell in eC(ess o! 100o') They there!ore !ll in the ;Un(lssi!ied rn.e; in //endiC )

In this //endiC# ttention hs been dr*n to the !(t tht the !lsh /oint test o! bituen or other

residul /rodu(t held under heted tn,.e (onditions is not relible indi(tor o! the /resen(e or

bsen(e o! !lble tos/here o! hi.hly 4oltile hydro(rbon 4/ours tht y h4e e4ol4ed

nd built u/ in the (on!ined tn, ullage s/(e bo4e the bul, heted /rodu(t nd !hi(h (nnot bedete(ted by !lsh /oint test) Thus the !ollo*in. distin(tion hs to be de in re.rd to the hndlin. o!

these (lsses o! bituen:

3)2)2)1 Non(utb(, Bitumens (andled in the O/en ir) -e(use o! .ood nturl dis/ersion by *ind

dis/l(eent in o/en ir# the !lble tos/heres tht y ((uulte o4er /eriod o! tie in

the (on!ined hed s/(e o! n en(losed heted tn, do not norlly /ersist *hen these heted/rodu(ts re hndled in *ell 4entilted o/en ir lo(tions)

3)2)2)2 Non(utb(, 6rdes in 'on!ined Stor.e in "eted Tn,.e) Under su(h (on!ined (onditions

!lble tos/heres (n o((ur:

5i7 in tn,s *hen stor.e te/ertures eC(eed the Ci re(oended in //endiC -)5ii7 in soe o&idised grade $roduction /lnt rundo*n tn, 4/our s/(es t te/ertures belo* the

Ci re(oended in //endiC -#5iii7 in tn,s *here istin. hs o((urred due to s/lsh !illin.#

5i47 in tn,s *here (ontintion *ith lo*er !lsh /oint terils hs o((urred)

547 in the 4i(inities o! 4ents !ro ny su(h tn,s)

In n tte/t to better understnd nd (ontrol these o((urren(es) it is i/ortnt to be *re o!

*hi(h re .rde relted) so tht the obe(ti4e stted in 3)1 o! liit in. the de4elo/ent o! !lble atmos$here and, i! this is not /r(ti(ble) other esures su(h s the (ontrol o! ignition

sources (n be e!!e(ti4e)

3)2)2)3


15/69

The !(tors underlyin. the e4olution o! su(h flammable 4/ours h4e been in(resin.ly reser(hed

*ith the !ollo*in. brod beh4iourl /tterns be(oin. noted:

5i7 Bitumens under the in!luen(e o! het (n be /rone to the .rdul e4olution into the (on!ined

s/(e o! tn, o! 4/our (onsistin.# in 4rible /ro/ortions ((ordin. to ty/e o! ethne# ;otherhydro(rbon; 5ty/i(lly in the '2but eCtendin. in soe (ses to the '?rn.e7# (rbon onoCide#

(rbon dioCide# *ter 4/our# nd in soe (ses hydro.en sul/hide 5the reson !or s!e.urdin.

.inst the /resen(e o! this toCi( teril in soe tn, s/(essee 'h/ter 27)

5ii7 The de.ree o! the therl (ti4ity tht /rodu(es these (obustible 4/ours is .rde rele4nt) Under het there is less (ti4ity *ith the ;stri.ht; /enetrtion nd hrd .rde residue bituens# (o/red to si.ni!i(ntly .reter !indin. in res/e(t o! the o&idised grades, (ou/led

*ith the hi.her te/ertures t *hi(h they re stored) The re(tions o((urrin. in the iroCidtion /ro(ess result in ne*ly blo*n teril bein. ore re(ti4e nd sus(e/tible to therl

!ter(r(,in.) This /otentil !or therl (r(,in. o! !reshly ir blo*n bituen is obser4ed lso

in the onitorin. o! tn, 4/our s/(es nd hs been !ound to de(rese *ith tie) s *hen the

/rodu(t is trns!erred !ro the initil tn, to se(ond tn, e4en *hen both re held t the se te/erture)

These di!!eren(es h4e been t,en ((ount o! in 'h/ter ? Mnu!(ture# in distin.uishin. bet*een

the /re(utions tht should be t,en in res/e(t o! rundo*n tn,s tht re(ei4e /rodu(t dire(t !ro the

nu!(turin. ste/ nd in /rti(ulr !or the o&idised grades,(o/red to do*nstre o&idised gradetn,s nd ll (te.ories o! tn,.e !or the non"o&idised grades.

3)2)2))2)2 Cut3a8 Bitumen,

$urin. bt(h blendin. to /rodu(e cutbac# bitumen, the 4oltile nture o! the diluent o!ten (uses the4/our s/(e o! the blendin. tn, to /ss throu.h the flammable range durin. the blendin. /ro(ess)

'onseBuently# flammable 4/our is o!ten dis(hr.ed !ro 4ents to the tos/here round the tn,)

It is not norlly re(oended to e/loy /ressure84(uu relie! 4l4es or !le rrestors in su(h

tn, 4ents be(use o! the /robles o! !oulin.) It is there!ore /rti(ulrly i/ortnt to 4oid llsources of ignition in the 4i(inities o! cutbac# tn, 4ents be(use ny i.nition i.ht be trnsitted to

the tn, 4/our s/(e) See area classification in =)2)2 nd //endiC $)Cutbac# bitumen blendin. should .enerlly be (rried out only in tn,s desi.nted !or tht o/ertion

nd s!e.urded in ((ordn(e *ith the re(oendtions o! 'h/ter =) 're ust be t,en to

ensure tht no *ter tht y h4e ((uulted in the diluent hndlin. syste (n /ss throu.h tothe blendin. o/ertion) See =)3)9 nd =)


29/69

=)3 $esi.n !etures (oon to ll bitumen tan#s nd their /i/in. 5but lso in(ludin. =)3)@ detilin.

the re(oendtions !or instlltion o! oCy.en de/letion !(ilities in o&idised grade rundo!n

tn,s7)

=)< O/ertion)

=)? Ins/e(tion o! tn,s)=)> Entry nd (lenin. /re(utions# nd hot *or, in stor.e res)

O/ertors o! stor.e !(ilities should re!er lso to 'h/ters 2# 3# )

(.2 *OCTION+ SPCING N 4E C*SSIFICTION OF TN:S

The distin(tion de in 'h/ter 3 bet*een $enetration, hrd nd o&idised grade bitumens to be

hndled s Un(lssi!ied /rodu(ts nd those 5i)e) cutbac# grades) to be hndled in the 'lss II527 orIII527 (te.ory# !!e(ts the .rou/in.# s/(in. nd bunding o! tn,s nd the re (lssi!i(tion o!

tn,.e res) %here there is ny doubt o4er the /rodu(t (lss o! the bitumen to be hndled#

!(ilities should be lo(ted nd rrn.ed s !or 'lss II527 /rodu(ts)

(.2.1 Bitumen, other than Cut3a8 Grade, D0nla,,ified Produt,

Tn,s !or $enetration, hard nd o&idised grade bitumens, re(o.nised s Un(lssi!ied /rodu(ts underthe (lssi!i(tion in //endi(es nd $ should be treted s !ollo*s:

6rou/in. nd S/(in.No /rti(ulr iniu distn(es re re(oended !or the s/(in. o! tn,s (ontinin. these

/rodu(ts) Tn,s should be rrn.ed nd s/(ed to suit (onstru(tionl nd o/ertionl needs nd to

/ro4ide deBute ((ess !or obile !ire !i.htin. eBui/ent) See 'h/ter !ro ny /ubli( boundry or o((u/ied *or, /l(e but t

.reter distn(e i! ne(essry to 4oid ny ris, o! tn, s/ills or froth"over re(hin. the boundry oro((u/ied *or, /l(es su(h s o!!i(es)

5See =)2)< !or d4i(e *here 'lss 0 or 'lss 1 /rodu(ts re lso /resent in d(ent !(ilities)7

-undin.Bunding is not ndtory !or these Un(lssi!ied /rodu(ts but lo* di4ersion *lls or dit(hes should

norlly be /ro4ided to sto/ s/ill.es !ro re(hin. o/ertin. res# /ubli( boundries nd resreBuired !or !ire !i.htin. ((ess)

re 'lssi!i(tion

re (lssi!i(tion is the .rdin. o! res o! /lnt into nonhArdous nd hArdous Aones in

((ordn(e *ith the li,elihood nd !reBuen(y o! o((urren(e o! !lmable atmos$here. It is .uide

to the sele(tion o! //ro/rite /rote(tion !or ele(tri(l eBui/ent nd to the (ontrol o4er the lo(tiono! nd 4oidn(e o! nonele(tri(l sources o ignition in su(h res) See //endiC $)

-e(use o! the /ossibility indi(ted in 3)2)2)2# tht in the (on!ined s/(e o! tn,s holdin. heted

Un(lssi!ied bitumens there (ould be !lble 4/ours bein. e4ol4ed s result o! lo(lised

o4erhetin.# it is re(oended tht ll tn,s !or$enetration, hard nd o&idised grade bitumens, in

the /ro(ess rundo*n# bul, distribution nd user se(tors# should be (lssi!ied one 0 *ithin their

ull.e s/(e# *ith one / re 1)? in dieter surroundin. ll 4ents nd other tn, o/enin.s)See !oot note to Fi.ure =)1) Only ele(tri(l eBui/ent *ith ty/e of $rotection meeting these Aoned

reBuireents should be used *ithin these res# nd ll nonele(tri(l sources of ignition should be4oided)

See 3)2)2)1 !or Un(lssi!ied bitumens in *ell 4entilted un(on!ined (onditions in the o/en ir)

(.2.2 Cut3a8 Grade, DCla,, IID2 and Cla,, IIID2 Produt,Tn,s !or these .rdes# identi!ied s 'lss II527 or 'lss III527 /rodu(ts 5see 3)2)17# should be

treted s !ollo*s sin(e the 4/ours tht they 4ent *ill be !lble:

6rou/in. nd S/(in.

Tn,s sller thn 10 in dieter (ontinin. these /rodu(ts y be sited to.ether in .rou/s o!

(obined (/(ity not eC(eedin. @000 M3)

%ithin su(h .rou/s# no /rti(ulr iniu distn(es re re(oended !or the s/(in. o! tn,s) The

tn,s should be rrn.ed nd s/(ed to suit (onstru(tionl# o/ertionl nd !ire !i.htin. needs)Miniu distn(es bet*een su(h .rou/s nd tn,s .reter thn 10 in dieter re re(oended

in Tble =)1)See =)2)< !or d4i(e *here 'lss 0 or 'lss I /rodu(ts re lso /resent)

-undin.


30/69

Tn,s (ontinin. these 'lss II527 or III527 cutbac# /rodu(ts should be surrounded by bund *lls

(/ble o! retinin. the /rodu(t should or tn, s/ill o((ur# unless s/ill.es or le,s !ro ny

tn, *ould !lo* Bui(,ly nd s!ely 4i di4ersionry *lls to dis/ersion or i/oundin. bsin)

Se/rte *lls round e(h tn, re not ne(essry but the totl (/(ity o! the tn,s in ny one

bunded area should not eC(eed >0#000 M3)Bund *lls should be o! hei.ht su!!i(ient to !!ord /rote(tion to /ersonnel en..ed in !ire !i.htin.

nd should be lo(ted so tht resonbly (lose //ro(h !or obile !ire !i.htin. eBui/ent (n be

de to ny tn, !ire)

The net retention (/(ity o! the tn, (o/ound (reted by e(h bund *ll should norlly be t

lest eBui4lent to the (/(ity o! the lr.est tn, *ithin the bund but y be s little s =? o! this(/(ity *here (onditions re su(h tht there is no ris, to the /ubli( or the en4ironent)

E!!e(ts on re 'lssi!i(tionTn,s (ontinin. 'lss II527 or III527 cutbac# .rdes should be (onsidered s sour(es of flammable

va$our !or the /ur/oses o! re (lssi!i(tion)

res round su(h tn,s should be (lssi!ied s indi(ted in Fi.ure =) 1) -e(use o! the r/id (oolin.

o! the 4/ours beyond the re sho*n round the 4ents it is not usul to (lssi!y the re *ithin thebund !alls s hArd Aone) Ne4ertheless# sour(es of ignition !ithin the bund should be 4oided

durin. o/ertions)%here diluents ore 4oltile thn ,erosine# su(h s n/hth# re e/loyed it should be (he(,ed

*hether under the rn.e o! stor.e te/erture the blended (ut bac# !ill still be 'lss II527# or

*ould !ll into 'lss I)In the ltter (se# the re (lssi!i(tion should be s in Fi.ure =)2)

(.2.! Cut3a8 iluent,Derosine diluents stored /rior to blendin. t te/ertures belo* the !lsh /oint *ill be (lssi!ied 'lss

II5l7# nd re (lssi!i(tion *ill not be reBuired eC(e/t !or one 1 !or their ull.e s/(e nd ldieter one / re surroundin. their 4ents nd other roo! o/enin.s) S/(in. nd bunding

reBuireents !ollo* those indi(ted in =)2) 1)

The !lsh /oint (lssi!i(tion o! other diluents should be estblished# nd i! they !ll into 'lss 1 their

re (lssi!i(tion should be s in Fi.ure =)2# *ith their s/(in. !ro other !(ilities in ((ordn(e*ith Tble =)1) Bunding of su(h 'lss I tn,.e *ill be reBuired)

Ta3le (.1. Tan8 ,-ain$ for Cla,, IID2 or IIID2 ut3a8 3itumen,

$es(ri/tion Re(oended $istn(es

1) -et*een .rou/s o! sll tn,s @

2) -et*een .rou/ o! sll tn,s nd ny tn, outside the .rou/ @

3) -et*een tn,s not bein. /rt o! .rou/ o! sll tn,s "l! the dieter o! the

lr.er tn,the dietero! the sller tn, or

1? in# *hi(he4er is

lest# but in no (se less

thn 10

) -et*een tn, nd ny !(ility hndlin. 'lss I /rodu(t 1? sll tn, is ny tn, sller thn 10 in dieter)


31/69

Fi$ure (.1) re 'lssi!i(tion !or 'lss II527 or 'lss III527 'utb(, -ituens Stored t

Te/ertures bo4e their Flsh/oints

Note,1) Re!eren(e 'h/ter =# =)2)22) The re inside the bund is not (lssi!ied re !or these cutbac#s

3) For bitumens other thn (utb(, .rdes# i)e)$enetration, hard nd o&idised grades, only the one 1 inside the hed s/(e# nd the one / rdius surroundin. to/ or .round le4el 4ents *ill //ly *ith 1)? rdius) See =)2)1

Fi$ure (.2.'one Roo! Tn, !or 'lss I $iluents 5t,en !ro Fi.ure 3)1 o! the IP re 'lssi!i(tion

'ode 19907Note, 1) Re!eren(e 'h/ter =# =)2)3

2) The bo4e re (lssi!i(tion //lies to ll 'lss 1 /etroleu /rodu(ts in bient stor.e

Further d4i(e on the tretent o! tn,s (ontinin. these diluents is .i4en in the IP Mr,etin. nd

Re!inin. S!ety 'odes)

(.2.# Pro7imity of Bitumen Tan8a$e to Cla,, and Cla,, I Produt Failitie,

-e(use o! their /otentil !or auto"ignition round l..in.# tn,s (ontinin. bitumens o! ll (lsses

should not be lo(ted in res (lssi!ied s hazardous risin. !ro 'lss 0 or 'lss I /rodu(t hndlin.

!(ilities) For eC/le# su(h tn, should norlly be lo(ted t lest 1? !ro ny tn, (ontinin.

'lss I /rodu(t nd not be /l(ed in the se bunded (o/ound s 'lss I or 'lss 0 /rodu(t

tn,)

(.! TN: ESIGN FET04ES CO&&ON TO ** C*SSES OF BIT0&EN


32/69

Tn,s ust be desi.ned nd (onstru(ted to (on!or to the rele4nt sttutory reBuireents o! the

(ountry in *hi(h they re instlled) In the United Din.do# ild steel (ylindri(l tn,s should

(on!or to -S 2>?


33/69

utoti( le4el indi(tors nd lrs re to be /re!erred to nul di//in. !or routine le4el (ontrol)

See=)


34/69

(.!.) Controlled O7y$en e-letion Failitie,

%here# s in the re(oendtion in ?)


35/69

(.!.1! Pi-ewor8 Sy,tem,

Pi/e*or, systes *hi(h i.ht be le!t !ull o! bitumen bet*een o/ertions should h4e deBute

therl insultion nd tr(e hetin. !(ilities to /re4ent blo(,.e due to solidi!i(tion o! the /rodu(t)

%here tr(e hetin. is /ro4ided# ho*e4er# s/e(il (re is ne(essry to 4oid betin. liBuid!ullse(tions tr//ed bet*een (losed blo(, 4l4es or /lu.s o! solid /rodu(t) Pressure relie! 4l4es (nnot

norlly be relied u/on to /rote(t se(tions o! heted liBuid!ull bitumen /i/e*or, .inst the

hydruli( /ressures *hi(h (n be /rodu(ed by therl eC/nsion) See lso =)


36/69

4oid in.ress o! *ter throu.h o/en ht(hes nd nholes on the roo! o! tn,# /rti(ulrly *hen

!ire !i.htin. or eer.en(y tn, (oolin.#

ensure tht ll *ter hs been e!!e(ti4ely reo4ed !ro ny cutbac# diluent syste be!ore the

diluent is /ssed to bituen tn,#

4oid nd ,e re.ulr (he(,s !or le,s in ste (oils) See =)?)7# durin. risin. o! the tn, te/erture#

i! the tn, i.ht (ontin !lble tos/here# durin. ny outbre, o! !ire in the 4i(inity#

durin. /eriods o! hi.h *ind#

durin. ele(tri( stors)

(.#.( Control of Pyro-hori e-o,it, in Bitumen Tan8a$e Dother than &anufaturin$

4undown Tan8, for O7idi,ed Grade,

(.#.(.1

The (ir(ustn(es under *hi(h solid (rbon(eous de/osits on the *lls or the roo! res o! bitumen

tan#s (n be(oe self"heating are still not l*ys !ully understood) s indi(ted in 3)3)? the

oCidtion /ro(ess tht o((urs *ith su(h de/osits (n be slo* re(tion tht norlly /rodu(es no

si.ni!i(nt lo(l te/erture rise)This is the norl eC/erien(e *ith o&idised grade non rundo*n tn,s# nd *ith rundo*n nd

nonrundo*n tn,s !or the other bitumen grades.

"o*e4er# *here de/osits re /resent there is l*ys soe ris# tht self"heating i.ht o((ur) This

i.ht or i.ht not be i/ortnt in ny /rti(ulr (se# sin(e this is de/endent u/on the li,elihood o!

the /resen(e o! !lble le4el in the 4/our s/(e)

These !(tors h4e been re4ie*ed in 3)2)2)2# 3)3)># ?)


37/69

The stedy stte slo* oCidtion /ro(ess tht o((urs *ith ty/i(l de/osits in the bo4e (te.ory 5iii7

tn,.e hs been entioned in 3)3)? nd =)


38/69

Fro tie to tie bituen tn,s h4e to be t,en out o! ser4i(e !or /ur/oses su(h s /rodu(t

(hn.e# ins/e(tion nd intenn(e) $e(oissionin. /ro(edures nd their /re(utions *ill di!!er

((ordin.ly)

In ll (ses *here /ersonnel *ill h4e to enter the tn, !or ins/e(tion nd8or (lenin. /ur/oses

eCtensi4e /re(utions !or de(oissionin. nd gas"freeing //ly be!ore nyone y enter) Thissube(t is (o/rehensi4ely delt *ith in the IP Tn, 'lenin. S!ety 'ode to *hi(h re!eren(e should

be de)

In the (se o! bitumen tn,s *hi(h h4e been o/erted under oCy.en de/leted tos/heres su(h s

inert gas or ste 5see =)3)@7# there y be n in(resed ris# o! the /resen(e o! $yro$horic

(rbon(eous nd8or iron sul/hide de$osits. These i.ht be(oe re(ti4e nd /otentil source ofignition !or ny flammable 4/ours in the tn,# s *ell s !or the de/osits thesel4es# *hen the inert.s8ir tos/here is bein. re/l(ed by !resh ir *ith norl bient oCy.en (ontent) It is there!ore

re(oended *here su(h ris# eCists tht# !ter e/tyin. out nd (ool do*n o! the tn,# the inertedtn, tos/here is not dire(tly dis/l(ed by ir)

Methods to dis/l(e hydro(rbon 4/ours (n in(lude (ontinued /ur.in. by inert .s or ste# or

*ter dis/l(eent) In the ltter (se# (re is reBuired to ensure tht the tn, is not !illed to bo4e

the Ciu le4el llo*ed !or by the tn, nd !oundtion desi.n) Only !ter this dis/l(eent/ro(ess hs been (o/leted should the tn, be isolted !ro the inert .s su//ly nd o/ened to the

tos/here to llo* ir to enter *hen the *ter is subseBuently slo*ly drined !ro the tn,)%hene4er *ter is introdu(ed into tn,s eCtree (re is reBuired to ensure tht no *ter is

reinin. in the tn, or sso(ited /i/e*or, /rior to re!illin. *ith hot bitumen. 5See =)>)>7

(.'.2 Entry into Bitumen Tan8,

Tn,s *hi(h h4e (ontined bitumen y# e4en *hen (old# (ontin /etroleu 4/ours nd8or

hydro.en sul/hide nd y lso be de!i(ient in oCy.en)There should there!ore be no entry o! /ersonnel either !ull body or si/ly hed nd shoulders#

*ithout $ermit to !or# /ro(edure to ensure tht ll the ne(essry /re(utions re t,en)These /re(utions should in(lude /ro4ision to ensure tht the tn, is:

drined (ler o! bitumen s !r s /r(ti(ble#

isolted !ro ll sour(es o! !luid other thn !resh ir# by s/din. or bln,in. o! ll /i/es nd du(tsnd by 4oidin. ll dis(hr.es o! flammable and toCi( 4/ours in the 4i(inities o! tn, o/enin.s

(losed 4l4es# e4en *hen lo(,ed o!! nd de ino/erble# re not ((e/tble s s!e ens o!isoltion)

isolted !ro ll sour(es o! het nd /o*er)

(ooled throu.hout s nerly s resonbly /r(ti(ble to bient te/erture)

4entilted thorou.hly *ith !resh ir# by o/enin. u//er nd lo*er nholes)

tested throu.hout by (o/etent /erson# *erin. //ro/rite /rote(ti4e eBui/ent# !or the

/resen(e o! flammable 4/ours nd hydro.en sul/hide nd !or the deBu(y o! the oCy.en(on(entrtion !or brethin.)

I! there re ny si.ns o! soulderin. *ithin the tn,# /ossibly due to /yro/hori( de/osits# the re

(on(erned should be d/ed do*n *ith *ter nd ,e/t d/ until the de/osits (n be reo4ed)

Prti(ulr (re is ne(essry# *hen enterin. un(lened bitumen tn,s# to 4oid the ris#s to /ersonnel

!ro !ilin. lu/s o! bitumen or (rbon(eous de/osit *hi(h y h4e be(oe det(hed !ro the*ll or roo! durin. (oolin.)

The$ermit to !or# should s/e(i!y ny (onstrints on the ty/es o! tools nd li.htin. *hi(h y beused inside the tn,)

(.'.2.1Entry %ithout -rethin. //rtus For entry *ithout breathing a$$aratus it should be en

sured tht:

!lble 4/ours re no*here in the tn, t (on(entrtions in eC(ess o!


39/69

%hen entry into tn, reBuires the use o! breathing a$$aratus !or resons o! toCi(ity or oCy.en

de!i(ien(y o! the tos/here it should be ensured tht:

!lble 4/ours re no*here in the tn, t (on(entrtions in eC(ess o! 2? o! the lo!er flam"

mable limit, n ttendnt is /osted t the tn, entry n*y to,ee/ obser4tion on the /eo/le *ithin the tn,)

"e should be eBui//ed *ith sel! (ontined breathing a$$aratus nd the ens to rise n lr)

Use o! li!e line should be (onsidered)

se(ond /erson is res/onsible !or ensurin. stis!(tory ir su//ly !ro the (o/ressor unit to

the /ersonnel in the tn,# ny ir (o/ressor su//lyin. ir to /ersonnel in the tn,# is lo(ted so tht its ir int,e is in s!e /osition nd reote !ro en.ine eChust or other (ontintion#

no *or, other thn ins/e(tion is undert,en in the tn,)

(.'.2.!The Monitorin. o! the tos/here %ithin the Tn, Throu.hout ny /eriod o! entry# *ith or

*ithout breathing a$$aratus, the tos/here *ithin the tn, should be onitored by .s tests# s

ne(essry# to ensure tht it does not deteriorte beyond the liits indi(ted) Re(he(,s re ne(essry!ter e4ery /eriod *hen the tn, hs been le!t unttended)

(.'.! Tan8 Cleanin$

The build u/ o! (rbon(eous de/osits round hetin. (oils nd in (ertin *ll nd roo! res o((urs

*ith ost .rdes o! bitumen. It usully be(oes //rent !ro (hn.es in the ln, *or,in. (/(ity#!ro di!!i(ulties in intinin. tn, te/ertures# or !ro di!!i(ulties in (hie4in. the reBuired !lo* o!

/rodu(t !ro the tn,) It (n be (on!ired by 4isul ins/e(tion but this usully ne(essittes e/tyin.

nd (oolin. the tn,)s .enerl rule (rbon(eous de/osits re ost esily reo4ed by drinin. the tn, s !r s

/ossible#(oolin. the reinin. (ontents to bient te/erture nd then (hi//in. out# usin. either

e(hni(l (uttin. tools or hi.h /ressure *ter ets) It (n hel/ to s*it(h the tn, to hi.h softening

$oint .rde ieditely be!ore e/tyin. so s to Ciise the brittleness o! the teril to be

reo4ed e(hni(lly) I! /ersonnel entry is reBuired# the tn, should be /re/red s indi(ted in=)>)2 bo4e) Prote(ti4e (lothin. in(ludin. dust s,s nd eye $rotectors should l*ys be *orn *hen

(hi//in. bitumen.%hen usin. e(hni(l tools !or (hi//in. out there is ine4itbly soe ris# o! d.e to tn, (oils

nd !ittin.s)

're!ul ins/e(tion is there!ore ne(essry !ter (lenin. nd be!ore !urther use)

The use o! hi.h /ressure *ter ets is s/e(ilised o/ertion *hi(h should only be (rried out by

/ersonnel eC/erien(ed in the te(hniBue nd //lyin. ll the s/e(il ised s!e.urds ne(essry)

'rbon(eous nd other de/osits reo4ed !ro bitumen tn,s# /rti(ulrly those *hi(h h4e(ontined

hydro.en sul/hide# should be ,e/t *et until they (n be dis/osed o! to n re *here they (n be

llo*ed to oCidise !reely *ithout ris#s !ro ny lo(l self"heating *hi(h i.ht o((ur) They (n usully

be dis/osed o! ultitely to li(ensed lnd!ill sites)

For .enerl in!ortion on tn, (lenin. re!er to the IP Tn, 'lenin. S!ety 'ode)

(.'.# Hot 5or8 in Tan8a$e rea,

Bitumen tn,.e res should be desi.nted s ignition source (ontrol res nd ny use o! o/en!les or s/r, /rodu(in. eBui/ent should be .o4erned by $ermit to !or#.

-e!ore ny su(h *or, is llo*ed# *hi(h should be (rried out only by trined nd (o/etent /ersons#

the

!ollo*in. /re(utions should be t,en: to ensure tht the re o! *or, reins !ree !ro ny flammable va$ours su(h s i.ht be dis

(hr.ed !ro tn, 4ents or s/ills in the 4i(inity# to 4oid ny (hn(e tht !les or s/r,s y be trnsitted !ro the re o! the *or, into n

re not s!e.urded .inst the in.ress o! flammable va$ours,

to 4oid the (retion o! flammable atmos$heres in (on!ined s/(es resultin. !ro the o4erhetin.

o! (rbon(eous terils#

to onitor the tos/here in the re .inst the /resen(e of flammable gases nd 4/ours

throu.h out the /eriod o! the *or,)

dditionl !ire !i.htin. eBui/ent# //ro/rite to the ris#s, should l*ys be /ro4ided in the 4i(inityo! the *or, *hile it is in /ro.ress)

(.'.% Hot 5or8 on Bitumen Tan8,


40/69

-e!ore ny hot !or# is strted inside bitumen tn,# the tn, ust be /re/red s !or entry *ithout

breathing a$$aratus 5see =)>)27) dditionlly in this (se it should be ensured tht:

!lble va$ours re no*here in the tn, t (on(entrtions in eC(ess o! 1 o! the lo!er flam"

mable limit, bitumen nd (rbon(eous de/osits re (lened *y s !r s /r(ti(ble !ro the 4i(inity o! the

hot !or# so s to iniise the ris#s o! 4/our /rodu(tion nd bitumen i.nition#

ventilation *ith !resh ir is .ood enou.h to (ler r/idly ny 4/ours /rodu(ed#

/ro4isions re de to /rote(t .inst the i.nition o! ny reinin. bitumen or (rbon(eous de

/osits not (lened *y)

Siilr /re(utions re ne(essry be!ore ny hot !or# is strted on the outside o! bitumen tn, or

ner ny 4/our 4ent !ro the tn,# unless lternti4e rrn.eents re de to avoid flammableatmos$heres in the tn, 4/our s/(e !or the durtion o! the *or,) 5Note tht in the United Din.do#

under Se(tion 31 o! the 19>1 F(tories (t# s/e(il dis/enstion is reBuired !ro the "elth nd

S!ety ECe(uti4e !or hot !or# on the outside o! tn, (ontinin. bitumen.)

(.'.' 4eturn of Tan8, to Ser"ie

-e!ore return o! tn, to hot bitumen ser4i(e /rti(ulr (re is ne(essry to ensure tht ll !ree*ter hs been reo4ed !ro the tn, botto nd (onne(tin. /i/e *or,)

!ter dryin. out s !r s /r(ti(ble# by drinin. nd o//in. u/# nd be!ore returnin. the tn, to

!ull ser4i(e# dryness tril is re(oended) This should be done by /uttin. enou.h bitumen t te/erture not .reter thn 90o' into the tn, to (o4er the (oils to de/th o! 1 Ciu nd

then hetin. to bout 120o' under te/erture (ontrol !or bout 2< hours)

)

*OING+ T4NSPO4T N ISCH4GE

).1 INT4O0CTION

This (h/ter dels inly *ith the bul, trns!er o! bituen by rod# ril nd shi/) 'onsidertion islso .i4en to the hndlin. o! /(,.ed bitumen.

O/ertors o! bitumen trns/ort !(ilities should re!er lso to 'h/ters 2# 3# < nd 10)

).2 B0*: T4NSPO4T CONTINE4S

).2.1 4oad 9 ;The Pressure Systes nd Trns/ortble 6s 'ontiners Re.ultions 19@9; reobser4ed)

rod 4ehi(le tn, intended !or dis(hr.e only by /u/ nd not reBuired to o/erte t /ressures ineC(ess o! ?00 illibr .u.e# should be desi.ned to .ood industry stndrds) It should be !itted *ith

relie! 4l4e to /rote(t .inst ny /ossible hydruli( o4er/ressure)

Sttutory re.ultions ;The $n.erous Substn(es 5'on4eyn(e by Rod in Rod Tn,ers nd Tn,

'ontiners7 Re.ultions 19@1; //ly *ithin the United Din.do (on(ernin. the eCintion# testin.

nd (erti!i(tion o! tn,s nd !ittin.s !or the trns/ort o! bitumen by rod t te/ertures in eC(ess

o! 100o')n eC/le o! the (urrent (azard %rnin. Pnel *hi(h# under these Re.ultions# ust be dis/lyed

in the UD on ny 4ehi(le (rryin. bitumen t te/erture bo4e 100o' to *rn tht it is (rryin.

hot liBuid# is .i4en in Fi.ure @)1)

n eC/le o! the Trns/ort Eer.en(y 'rd *hi(h dditionlly the dri4er ust (rry in the (b o!

the 4ehi(le is .i4en in Fi.ure @)2)

EBui4lent ntionl or $R reBuireents should be !ollo*ed in other (ountries)


41/69

Notes

1 The 'ode !i.ures nd sybol in the boCes nd the diensions o! the /nel re s s/e(i!ied by the /resent UD $n.erousSubstn(es 5'on4eyn(e by Rod in Rod Tn,ers nd Tn, 'ontiners7 Re.ultions 19@1) The 'ode 2% nd the sybol in thediond /nel indi(te tht the lod (rried is hot liBuid# *ith the nuber =033 bein. llo(ted in the UD !or bitumen.

2 Under !orth(oin. re4ision o! the 19@1 Re.ultions# eC/e(ted to (oe out in lte 19908erly 1991# ne* diond sybol*ill be introdu(ed) lthou.h ost bitumens no* (oe under the UD identi!i(tion nuber =033# i! bitumen hs flash $ointbelo* ??;' 5i)e) cutbac#s), it *ill be (o4ered by the identi!i(tion nuber 1999 nd the hazard *rnin. sybol *ill be the one//ro/rite to flammable liBuids)

3 There is no eBui4lent to =033 in $R# nd the nuber sho*n in (ountries usin. this syste is 1999# *ith the //ro/ritehazard *rnin. nuber 30# nd the $R diond hazard *rnin. si.n)

Fi$ure ).1Ty/i(l 'urrent "Ard %rnin. Pnel !or -ituen Rod nd Ril Tn,ers in the UD

).2.2 4ailar Tan8,

The desi.n# (onstru(tion# intenn(e# testin. nd eCintion o! ril(r tn,s !or use *ithin the UDre .o4erned by -ritish Ril re.ultions)

For bitumen trns/orted t te/ertures in eC(ess o! 100 o'# the -ritish Ril re.ultions reBuire tht

ril(rs dis/ly (azard %rnin. Pnels# nd tht the trin dri4er (rries Trns/ort Eer.en(y 'rd#

siilr to the /nel nd (rd 5Fi.ures @) 1 nd @)27 used !or rod 4ehi(les)

Tran,-ort Emer$eny Card D4oadSu3,tane Identifiation No (!!

Emer$eny tion Code 2 5

Car$o -ITUMEN 5"OT7

"ot bl(, liBuid *ith /er(e/tible odour)$oes not iC *ith *ter)

Nature of Haard "i.h te/ertures o! /rodu(t *ill (use se4ere burns i! in

(ont(t *ith the s,in)

ny introdu(tion o! *ter# be(use o! the hi.h /rodu(t

te/erture# (n (use the tn, to boil o4er nd the hotliBuid to be eC/elled 4iolently)

ll .rdes *ill i.nite t hi.h te/ertures)

Proteti"e e"ie, "e4y duty .lo4es)S!ety helet *ith !ull !(e 4isor)

Ne(, /rote(tion)

Emer$eny tion NOTIF+ EMER6EN'+ SERI'ES IMME$ITEL+

4oad ident or Sto/ 4ehi(le en.ine)

S-illa$e No n,ed li.hts) No so,in.)

Shut o!! le,s i! this (n be done *ithout ris,)

Dee/ /ubli( *y !ro /ossible dn.er re) 'ontin le,in. liBuid *ith snd or erth)

Pre4ent liBuid enterin. drins# bseents# et() I! substn(e hs entered *ter (ourse or drin or hs

(ontinted soil or 4e.ettion) in!or the /oli(e)

Fire I! eC/osed to !ire ,ee/ 4ehi(le tn, (ool usin. !ine *ters/ry 5!o.7)

ECtin.uish !ire by dry (hei(l# !o or !ine *ter s/ry

5!o.7) $o not use *ter et)


42/69

Fir,t id I! the substn(e hs s/lshed into the eyes# (ool ieditely

*ith (old runnin. *ter !or t lest ? inutes)

S,in burns should ieditely be /lun.ed under (oldrunnin. *ter nd held there !or t lest 10 inutes or until

thorou.hly (old) No tte/t should be de to reo4e (old bituen *hi(h

hs dhered to the s,in)

Send (sulty to hos/itl)

dditional information will he -ro"ided 3y the

manufaturer. Tele-hone ..

This (rd hs been /re/red by the Institute o! Petroleu !ro the best in!ortion 4ilble to eet thereBuireents o! Re.ultion 10 o! S)I) 19@1 No) 10?9 but no res/onsibility is ((e/ted o! *htsoe4er ,ind# !ord.e or lle.ed d.e risin. or other*ise o((urrin. in or bout /reises# res or 4ehi(les to *hi(hthis (rd hs been //lied)

Fi$ure ).2.TeCt o! Trns/ort Eer.en(y 5Tre7 'rd !or -ituen) Ibis hs been issued by the

Institute o! Petroleu to eet the reBuireent !or eer.en(y .uidn(e to be ,e/t 4ilble in the

dri4er;s (b o! rod tn,er# nd by the dri4er o! ril trin

Ne* ril(r tn,s intended !or dis(hr.e by ir or inert .s /ressure# should be desi.ned nd

(onstru(ted

to the -ritish Stndrd /ressure 4essel (ode 5See @)2) 17 or eBui4lent) Ril(r tn,s (onstru(ted to!orer stndrds y be used in the UD sube(t to *ritten //ro4l by the "elth nd S!ety

ECe(uti4e)ll ril(rs should be !itted *ith relie! 4l4es deBute !or the relie! o! ny /ossible /neuti( or hyd

ruli( o4er/ressure)Ril(rs should be eCined internlly t re.ulr inter4ls) Ty/i(lly !or su(h (rs# (lenin. to reo4e

de/osits is li,ely to be reBuired e4ery t*o to !i4e yers nd it is norlly su!!i(ient to (rry out

internl eCintion t the se !reBuen(y) Reo4l o! l..in. !or eCternl eCintion should be

(rried out on re.ulr rndo s/le bsis)

).2.! Shi- and Bar$e Tan8,The tn,s o! shi/s nd br.es !or the trns/ort o! hot bitumens, ust be s/e(i!i(lly desi.ned !or the

te/ertures nd (hr(teristi(s o! the /rodu(ts in4ol4ed)Further .uidn(e on the desi.n nd (onstru(tion o! su(h tn,s is outside the s(o/e o! this (ode) See

lso @)9)

).2.# Internal Heatin$ Tu3e,Rod nd ril 4ehi(les !or the trns/ort o! bituen y be !itted *ith ste (oils or !le tube

heaters.%here !le tube heaters are !itted# their 4erti(l eChust risers y be ounted on the outside o!

the tn, or y /ss throu.h the tn, 4/our s/(e) %here n internl eChust riser is !itted# hi.h#

sur!(e te/ertures in the tn, 4/our s/(e should be 4oided by ens o! suitbly insulted

(onstru(tion)Fle hetin. tubes nd eChust risers should l*ys be intined in (len (ondition s soot nd

rust (n .i4e rise to o4erhetin. (usin. lo(l hot s/ots) They should be eCined !reBuently !orsi.ns o! thinnin. nd they should be re/l(ed s ne(essry)

).2.% Gau$e, and Fittin$,

Pressure .u.es# /ressure relie! 4l4es nd thero*ells !or theroeters should be !itted to ll rod

nd ril 4ehi(le tn,s) They should be desi.ned nd lo(ted !or /rote(tion .inst i/(t) They

should be (lened nd (he(,ed re.ulrly)It is re(oended tht ster theroeter be ,e/t !or the (he(,in. o! ll ser4i(e theroeters)

The ster theroeter should be /ro4ed t re.ulr inter4ls)

((ess !or o/enin. ht(hes on the to/ o! e(h rod tn,er nd ril(r tn, should be /ro4ided by

ens o! !iCed ldder nd nonsli/ *l,*y o! deBute *idth)

ehi(le ounted tn,s re usully /ro4ided *ith sin.le botto outlet h4in. t*o 4l4es in series to

redu(e the ris# o! s/ill.e in the e4ent o! 4l4e !ilure)The inner 4l4e should be desi.ned so tht *hen the tn, is in use the 4l4e reins t

te/erture su!!i(ient to /re4ent /lu..in.)I!# due to le,.e o! the inner 4l4e# /lu. o! solid bitumen !ors bet*een the t*o 4l4es# dis(hr.e

/i/e *or, should be /ro/erly (onne(ted be!ore ny tte/t is de to (ler the /lu. by o/enin. the

t*o 4l4es siultneously) See @)11)


43/69

ents should be sited *ell *y !ro heter eChust outlets)

Relie! 4l4es should be shielded .inst be(oin. !ouled by bitumen s/lshes inside the tn,)

).! 4O N 4I* TN: CCESS GNT4IES

Bitumen and cutbac# tn, 4ehi(les re norlly loded throu.h to/ (onne(tions on the 4ehi(le tn,)

It is

there!ore ne(essry to /ro4ide s!e ens o! ((ess to the 4ehi(le tn, to/ !or lodin. o/ertions)

Su(h ens o! ((ess should be /ro4ided by *y o! gantry *ith *or,in. /lt!or lon. or (ross

the 4ehi(le ust bo4e tn, to/ le4el)3antries should lso be /ro4ided *here4er s/les re to be t,en !ro the to/s o! 4ehi(le tn,s)See 'h/ter 10)

).!.1 *ayout of 4oad Gantrie,

Tr!!i( lne nd gantry lyouts in rod lodin. res should be desi.ned to ((oodte# *ithout

(on.estion# the lon.est 4ehi(les# ri.id or other*ise# li,ely to be used) They should be lid out !or one

*y lo* o! 4ehi(les nd should 4oid# *here /r(ti(ble# the (rossin. o! 4ehi(le stres)Sli/ rods should be /ro4ided to llo* 4ehi(les to le4e the instlltion in (se o! eer.en(y *ithout

/ssin. throu.h the gantries. uCiliry !(ilities su(h s *shin. bys# dinistrti4e sto/s nd!uellin. stnds should not obstru(t norl tr!!i( !lo*)

).!.2 Con,trution3antries should be (onstru(ted in steel nd8or (on(rete)

ny (lddin. sheets used should be o! teril tht does not su//ort (obustion)

The gantry nd its eBui/ent should be /rote(ted .inst ((identl d.e !ro 4ehi(les by the useo!

bollrds# hi.h rod (urbs or other e!!e(ti4e ens)Plt!ors nd stirs should be /ro4ided *ith nonsli/ sur!(es) O/en .rid /lt!ors nd stir treds

should be 4oided *here there is eBui/ent or ((ess !or /ersonnel beneth# unless suitble ens

re /ro4ided !or /rote(tion .inst bitumen releses)

).!.! Control of


44/69

3antries !or bitumen should /re!erbly be dedi(ted to bitumen nd siilr /rodu(ts) 'obintion

*ith 'lss I /etroleu /rodu(t lodin. should not be llo*ed)

On gantries *hi(h dis/ense ore thn one .rde or /rodu(t# e(h lodin. syste should be (lerly

r,ed to indi(te the /rodu(t it ser4es) The IP Produ(t Identi!i(tion Syste nd (olour (odin. y

be used) See =)


45/69

).'.! Thermal In,ulation

Metlli( hoses y be therlly insulted !or /ersonnel /rote(tion) "o*e4er# it should be noted tht

insultion restri(ts the !leCibility o! the hose nd ,es hndlin. ore di!!i(ult) It lso substntilly

hinders ins/e(tion nd y (on(el (orrosion)

).'.# Handlin$ and Su--ort in 0,e

"oses nd hose sseblies should l*ys be hndled *ith (re) They should not be dr..ed or rolled

in nner *hi(h brdes or t*ists the body o! the hose)

Rubber hoses should not be llo*ed to (oe into (ont(t *ith hot sur!(es su(h s ste /i/es)

hose# *hen in use# should be deButely su//orted lon. its !ull len.th# either by restin. on the.round or by sus/ension usin. slin.s *ith sddles# to s/red the lod nd /re4ent bendin. to rdiiless thn the nu!(turer;s re(oendtion)

).'.% &ar8in$ and In,-etion

"oses nd hose sseblies should be /ernently nd le.ibly r,ed in ((ordn(e *ith -S >130 or

eBui4lent)

On e(h o((sion be!ore use# hose sseblies should be (he(,ed by the user !or si.ns o! brsion#s/littin.# ,in,in.# s*ellin. or !lttenin. o! the hose nd !or ny d.e to the (ou/lin.s nd their

tt(hents)They should be 4isully ins/e(ted t lest e4ery three onths by (o/etent nd res/onsible

/erson# other thn the norl user)

They should be reo4ed !ro ser4i(e t lest nnully !or eCintion nd testin. by com$etentins$ector in ((ordn(e *ith the nu!(turer;s re(oendtions) This *ill norlly entil reo4l

o! insultion to !(ilitte the eCintion)

Re(ords o! ll ins/e(tions# eCintions nd tests should be ,e/t in re.ister)There should be /ro(edure !or de(idin. *hen hose ssebly is no lon.er !it !or ser4i(e) "oses nd

sseblies dis(rded s *orn or de!e(ti4e should be destroyed or /linly r,ed to 4oid reuse)

).'.' Pre,,ure Te,tin$

"oses o! rein!or(ed rubber (onstru(tion *ill# in ddition to the re.ulr 4isul ins/e(tion# norlly

reBuire /ressure testin. to the s/e(i!i( re(oendtions o! the nu!(turer or to -S 1)2 nd @)>)< *ith# in the (se *here /ottin. hose is used# (re t,en tht theun!ln.ed end (nnot /ull out o! the 4essel) lternti4ely lodin. rs or (hutes y be used)

The /resen(e o! *ter or ny other teril (/ble o! bein. 4/orised in (ont(t *ith hot bitumenshould be eti(ulously 4oided in ny /rt o! the lodin. syste# or in the rod or ril(r tht is to be

loded# so tht !rotho4er *ill not o((ur# *ith (onseBuent hArd)

'ontinuously heted /i/elines *ill norlly be !ree o! oisture# nd there should be no

inter(onne(tions *hereby *ter (ould be introdu(ed into the lodin. syste)

%here the /resen(e o! *ter in /i/eline is sus/e(ted !or ny reson it should be eliinted be!ore

lodin. or unlodin. o/ertions re (oen(ed# by (utious blo*in. *ith dry ir or inert gas) Thiso/ertion should only be (rried out under stri(t su/er4ision# nd t te/erture tht does not

eC(eed the liit in //endiC -)%hen 4ehi(le tn, hs been used !or bitumen emulsion or i!# e4en !ter drinin.# the /resen(e o!

*ter is sus/e(ted# the tn, should initilly be slo*ly nd only /rtilly !illed) U/ to one hour should

then be llo*ed !or ny *ter to be ser(hed out nd !or !rothin. to subside# be!ore (ontinuin. *ith


46/69

lodin.)Anti" foam agents re bene!i(il in (ontrollin. !rothin.) They re ore e!!e(ti4e *hen dded

be!ore lodin. (oen(es thn *hen dded durin. the o/ertion) "o*e4er their ddition should be

(lered *ith the ultite user)

).).2 *oadin$ Tem-erature,The te/ertures (hosen !or des/t(h o! bitumens or cutbac#s in bul, 4ehi(les should be s lo* s

/r(ti(ble# (onsistent *ith e!!i(ient on*rd hndlin.) The lodin. te/erture should ne4er be in

eC(ess o! the Ciu !or the .rde .i4en in //endiC -)

).).! Condition, urin$ *oadin$5o source of ignition should be /eritted *ithin 3 o! the tn, 4ehi(le *hile lodin.)5o /erson should be on to/ o! or on the .round in the 4i(inity o! the tn, 4ehi(le re(ei4in. the hot

bitumen, in (se o! s/ill or froth"over. See @)3)?)The /erson res/onsible !or lodin. should intin (onstnt *t(h !ro the lodin. (ontrol sttion

5see @)3)?7 durin. the o/ertion) I! he le4es the /lt!or# !illin. should (ese nd ll 4l4es should

be (losed) dedn;s hndle y be /ro4ided on the lodin. 4l4e to ensure this)

In order to iniise the eC/osure o! the loder to fumes, lodin. should not t,e /l(e in (on!ineds/(e)

%here ventilation around the lodin. /oint is un4oidbly restri(ted# (onsidertion should be .i4en tothe /ro4ision o! a fume e&traction syste)

Su!!i(ient ullage should be le!t in the 4ehi(le tn, !ter lodin. to llo* !or the eC/nsion *hi(h *ill

result !ro ny subseBuent rehetin.)

).).# Condition, urin$ Tran,it

ll tn, to/ /ertures# other thn relie! 4l4e dis(hr.e /orts) should be se(urely (losed nd !stenedbe!ore 4ehi(les re o4ed)

ehi(le tn,s should not be heted *hilst bein. o4ed)

).).% Pre-aration for i,har$e

Rehetin. o! rod or ril tn, y be reBuired be!ore the /rodu(t (n be dis(hr.ed e!!i(iently)

No tte/t should be de to rehet bitumen in trns/ort tn, by the use o! ste or !le tubeheter *hen the bitumen level is less thn 1?0 bo4e the hetin. tubes) %hen rehetin. is

reBuired in su(h (ses# the le4el o! the (ontents should !irst be (he(,ed nd su!!i(ient hot bitumen o!the se .rde should be dded to brin. it t lest to this le4el bo4e the tubes be!ore //lyin. the

het)

-e!ore hetin.# the 4ehi(le should be lo(ted in le4el /osition *ith the br,e !ull on) Fire

eCtin.uishers should be redily ((essible) 5See 'h/ter


47/69

(he(, should be de be!ore de/rture tht ll ht(hes# (o4ers nd 4l4es on the 4ehi(le tn, re

(losed nd se(ured in the (losed /osition)

)./ SHIP N B4GE OPE4TIONS FO4 B0*: BIT0&EN C4GOES

)./.1 5har"e, and ;ettie,

The /rin(i/l (on(erns !or the lodin. nd unlodin. o! bitumen (r.oes re tht there should be:

deBute ens o! ((ess nd es(/e in the e4ent o! !ire t the lodin. or unlodin. ni!old#

deBute shi/shore (ouni(tion#

*ritten eer.en(y /ro(edures#

deBute rrn.eents !or !ire !i.htin.# in(ludin. /ro4ision o! !irst tt(, eBui/ent nd

((ess !or !ire !i.htin. //lin(es) See 'h/ter


48/69

'ontrolled !le hetin.# usin. n LP6 tor(h or eBui4lent on the outside o! /i/e or 4l4e to (ler

blo(,.e *ithin# should be llo*ed only *here there is no resonbly /r(ti(ble lternti4e) -urnin.

oil so,ed r.s ust not be used !or this /ur/ose) %here !le hetin. is /eritted lo(lly# s/e(i!i(

/ro(edure should be estblished !or e(h /rti(ulr set o! (ir(ustn(es nd should be (rried out

under $ermit to !or# by /erson eC/erien(ed in the //li(tion o! !le betin. !or this /ur/ose)Fle hetin. should ne4er be //lied:

in lo(tion (lssi!ied s hazardous5seeArea Classification under =)2)1#=)2)2 nd //endiC $7#

*hen the /i/e*or, syste is under /ressure# or (ontins cutbac#,

in (onun(tion *ith blo*in. by ir or inert gas,

*here the /i/e*or, syste is blo(,edin by 4l4es or i.ht be blo(,edin by solid /lu.s o!

bitumen.

!ire eCtin.uisher should be t hnd *hen !le hetin. is //lied)

The use o! ir /ressure to (ler bitumen /i/e*or, blo(,.es is not re(oended be(use itsdis(hr.e is di!!i(ult to (ontrol# nd bre,*y (n be hazardous.

%here they re 4ilble# ste ln(es (n be tried# but ste should not be used internlly !or

tte/ted dis/l(eent /ur/oses)

The use o! oil under hydruli( /ressure y be (onsidered *here it is sus/e(ted tht only 4eryliited blo(,.e is /resent in soe /oorly heted /rt o! lon. line) %hen this is //lied# it is

i/ortnt tht the oil (hosen should h4e flash $oint in eC(ess o! the sto(, te/erture so s not

to (rete a flammable atmos$here in ny tn, to *hi(h the oil i.ht e4entully be dis(hr.ed) ;Me/ro(edure should be (rried out under the (ontrol o! (o/etent en.ineer to ensure tht the syste

is not o4er /ressured)

%here /i/e*or, blo(,.es /ersist# the only re(ourse i.ht be to disntle the syste !or /ie(eel

(lern(e by burnin. out in n re desi.nted !or tht /ur/ose)

).12 OPE4TO4 P4OTECTION

ll lodin.# dis(hr.e nd /(,.in. sttions should be rrn.ed so s to /rote(t the o/ertor !ro

s/lshin.# !rothin.) fumes nd s/ill.e# nd bus !ro hot un insulted sur!(es)

(old *ter su//ly nd n eer.en(y sho*er should be redily ((essible lo(lly !or s,in bu

tretent) See lso Fi.ure 9)2)

O/ertors should *er suitble /rote(ti4e (lothin. nd obser4e the /ersonl hy.iene /re(utionryesures s sti/ulted in 'h/ter 2)

/

P4O0CT 0SE4 G0INCE

/.1 INT4O0CTION

This (h/ter .i4es .uidn(e on s!ety in user instlltions in(ludin.:

rod intenn(e de/ots#

bituen8..re.te iCin. /lnts#

obile rodlyin. nd s/ryin. !(ilities# obile !(ilities ser4in. roo!in. nd !loorin. o/ertions)

In ddition to the .uidn(e (ontined in this (h/ter# users o! bitumen should re!er to nd //ly there(oendtions o! 'h/ter 2 *hi(h .i4e //ro/rite .uidn(e on the reBuireents !or /rote(ti4e

(lothin.# /ersonl hy.iene /re(utions nd !irst id8edi(l tretent !or bus nd other eC/osures

'h/ter 3 in res/e(t o! !ire ris#s0 'h/ter < !or the !i.htin. o! !ires in4ol4in. bitumen, in(ludin. thety/e nd re(oended iniu /ro4ision o! /ortble eBui/ent 'h/ter = !or desi.n# lyout nd


49/69

o/ertion o! bul, tn,.e nd 'h/ter @ !or the lodin.# (on4eyn(e nd dis(hr.e o! bitumen in

bul,)

Note: The re!eren(e test ethod (ited in 2)3 !or the deterintion o! total -artiulate tter 5TPM7

nd benAene soluble teril 5-SM7 in bitumen fume is (o/leC -roedure not ,uita3le fore4erydy use) "o* e4er dt /ro4ided in IP te(hni(l //er IP @ h4e been in(or/orted in the

res/e(ti4e se(tions !ollo*in. to ser4e s n indi(tor o! ty/i(l eC/osure le4els in the di!!erent ty/es

o! user //li(tion)

It should be noted tht the .uidn(e note E"


50/69

'he(, the $eli4ery Note nd ,e sure tht the .rde nd Buntity o! /rodu(t re s

ordered)

Fully (o/lete the $eli4ery Note nd hnd to/ (o/y to dri4er be!ore deli4ery (oen(es)

Retin (o/y !or your re(ords)

'he(, the (ontents o! the stor.e tn,s on(e ore# nd ensure tht there is su!!i(ient s/(e

therein to re(ei4e the (tul loded Buntity o! bituen s stted on the $eli4ery Note# *ith

10 o! tn, (/(ity s/re)

I! the bitumen tn,s re (ontined *ithin tn, house# ,e sure tht there is no one

*ithin the stru(ture durin. the /eriod o! the bituen dis(hr.e) Sho* the dri4er the (orre(t tn, !illin. /oints)

%here //li(ble# (he(, .in tht ll tn, nd /i/e*or, 4l4es re set (orre(tly)

%here4er /ossible# rein in ttendn(e throu.hout the deli4ery)

-EFORE T"E TNDER LEES

%here //li(ble reset ny 4l4es o/erted durin. the deli4ery)

Si.n the $eli4ery Note to (on!ir tht the deli4ery hs been re(ei4ed) Ensure tht the (o/y

is retined)

IF +OU "E N+ PRO-LEMS OR UER+ -OUT T"E $ELIER+# +OU S"OUL$ INFORM T"E

$RIER T ON'E) "E S"OUL$ T"EN TELEP"ONE "IS $EPOT N$ RE'EIE INSTRU'TIONS)T"E $RIER IS INSTRU'TE$ TO TELEP"ONE "IS $EPOT IF# IN "IS OPINION# T"E $ELIER+'ON$ITIONS OR PRO'E$URES RE UNSFE

Fi$ure /.1. E7am-le of a Guide for the Safe 4eei-t of Bul8 Bitumen

T4ET&ENT OF BIT0&EN B04NS ? FI4ST I

SDIN

1 The !!e(ted /rt should ieditely be /lun.ed into (ler (old runnin. *ter until thorou.hly (old)

2 No tte/t should be de to reo4e dherin. bituen !ro the s,in unless the site o! (ont(t

or nture o! the /rodu(t ,es this essentil) -ituen *ill /ro4ide sterile (o4erin. until helin. o((urs nd it *ill then det(h itsel!)

3 %here it is bsolutely ne(essry to reo4e dherin. bituen !ro the s,in use liberl ounts

o! *r edi(inl /r!!in or edi(inlly //ro4ed 4e.etble oil or *ith (re edi(inl

/r!!in nd ,erosine) Derosine (n (use s,in irrittion) Follo* this by .entle *shin. *ith so/nd (len *r *ter) //ly /ro/rietry re!ttin. .ent or s,in (lensin. (re)

< -ituen en(ir(lin. lib or !in.er y (use tourniBuet e!!e(t s it (ools nd su(h (ses should re(ei4e iedite edi(l ttention to relie4e this *ithout dely)

E+ES

1 s/lsh o! hot bituen in the eye should be ieditely (ooled by irri.tin. *ith (len (oldrunnin. *ter !or t lest FIE inutes) The (sulty should then be /ro/tly sent

to hos/itl !or ssessent nd !urther tretent)

LL -ITUMEN -URNS S"OUL$ RE'EIE PROMPT ME$I'L TTENTION

Fi$ure /.2. Su$$e,ted Te7t for a Fir,t id Po,ter Dto 3e Po,ted in Clear


51/69

/.2.2 Sto8 Tan8,

The d4i(e .i4en in 'h/ter = is //li(ble to bul, re(ei/t stor.e tn,s t users; /reises# nd

/rti(ulr ttention should be .i4en both in desi.n /ro4ision nd in o/ertion to the esures

ne(essry to ,ee/ tn, te/ertures *ithin the Ci set by //endiC - nd !or the 4oidn(e o!lo(l o4erhetin. s in =)3)2 nd un(o4erin. o! the hetin. eleents)

I! these (onditions re (orre(tly obser4ed durin. the stor.e o! $enetration, hard nd o&idised grade

bitumens it is unli,ely tht 4/our e4ol4ed into the (on!ined ullage s/(e *ill re(h the flammable

range. Ne4ertheless ((urte te/erture (ontrol s in =)


52/69

Produ(ts /(,.ed in this *y norlly !lo* su!!i(iently *ell !or the to be /oured !ro the dru t

bient te/erture)

I! hetin. is reBuired# s/e(il (re is ne(essry be(use the /rodu(ts (ontin 4oltile flammable dilu

ents) The drus ust not be heted bo4e 30 o' *ithout reo4in. one o! the bun.s) On(e bun. hs

been reo4ed# the dru ust be ,e/t *ell *y !ro ll sources of ignition.E/ty drus (ontinin. rennts o! cutbac# bitumens re /rti(ulrly t ris# o! eC/losion# i!

sube(ted to !le betin.) They should be stored *ith both bun. holes o/en# in /l(e !ree !ro !ire

ris#, /endin. dis/osl)

/.# &OBI*E BIT0&EN HETING :ETT*ES FO4 BIT0&ENS N &STICS

Dettles re eCtensi4ely used durin. roo!in. nd !loorin.# (onstru(tion nd intenn(e) They re

usully !itted *ith lid su!!i(ient to sto/ rin*ter enterin. nd re heted !ro beneth by bottled.s burner) Thi, ty-e of 8ettle ,hould ne"er 3e u,ed for heatin$ cutback bitumens

$rus should not be used !or the eltin. or holdin. o! olten bitumen sto(,s unless s/e(i!i(lly

desi.ned !or the /ur/ose)

%hen bottled .s is e/loyed !or hetin. bitumen ,ettle# those (ylinders (tully in use should belo(ted not less thn 7 !ro the ,ettle nd ny (ylinders not in use should be lo(ted t lest >

!ro the ,ettle) The rrn.eent should be su(h s to /re4ent ny s/ill.e !ro the ,ettle re(hin.the (ylinders) ehi(le ounted ,ettles should not be heted durin. trnsit)

6s su//ly lines should be /rote(ted .inst d.e)

For other /re(utions in the use o! LP6 !uel nd its eBui/ent the re!eren(es .i4en in 7.8.7 should be(onsulted)

/.#.1 :ettle, in Tran,itehi(leounted ,ettles should not be heted durin. trnsit)

ll trns/ortble ,ettles should be set on !ir# le4el !oundtions be!ore bein. heted) !ter use their(ontents should be llo*ed to solidi!y be!ore they re o4ed)

/.#.2 Heatin$

Dettles should not be le!t unttended *hile they re bein. heted)%hen hetin. !ro (old# hetin. rtes should be ,e/t lo* until the /rodu(t is (lerly !luid nd ny

*ter /resent hs been dri4en o!!# nd the hetin. ,ettle should ne4er be !illed bo4e the (/(ityle4el s/e(i!ied by the nu!(turer)

O4erhetin. o! the /rodu(t should be 4oided by te/erture (ontrol bsed u/on relible

theroeter redin.s) Te/ertures should be ,e/t s lo* s /r(ti(ble# (onsistent *ith e!!i(ient

//li(tion o! the /rodu(t) Unne(essry o4erhetin. y result in deteriortion in the li!e o! the

bitumen, nd !or ost .rdes it should not be ne(essry to eC(eed the te/erture liits .i4en in

//endiC -)"o*e4er# there is n eC(e/tion in the (se o! (ertin o&idised grade bitumens *hi(h !or soe

//li(tions reBuire the use o! te/ertures tht eC(eed the re(oended liit o! 230o' in Tble -)

1) In su(h (ses the te/erture .uidn(e .i4en in //ro/rite user stndrds su(h s those

/ro4ided by the Flt Roo!in. 'ontr(tors d4isory -ord 5FR'-7# -S 'P1


53/69

the ,ettle to the *or, re nd by the *erin. o! //ro/rite /rote(ti4e (lothin. in ((ordn(e *ith

2)2) 1)

*ume eC/osure 5see 2)37 should be iniised by *or,in. s !r s resonbly /r(ti(ble on the

u/*ind side o! the *or,) S/lin. dt durin. reroo!in. *ith o&idised grade 9?82? on t*o se/rte

dys .4e TPM @ hour T% eC/osures !or ,ettleen hnd(rryin. the bitumen to the roo!# o! )< M.8M3# *ith benAene soluble 4lues o! the bitumen fume o! 3)? nd ?)< M.8M3-SM res/e(ti4ely)

These dt su..est tht the use o! orinsl s,s i.ht be ne(essry in still ir (onditions)

Fi.ures !or the other *or,ers in4ol4ed rn.ed !ro 0)? to 1)= M.8M 354er.e 1)37 TPM# *ith @hour

T% eC/osures to -SM o! bet*een 0)2 nd 1)1 .8rn 3)

In nother study 5Finlnd7 ei.ht /ersonl s/les durin. roo!in. .4e TPM eC/osures !ro 0)2 to 3)7 nd benAene soluble le4el !ro 0)2 to 2)9 rn.8 35en 1) to 13)> M.8M3) For the outside ,ettlen# eC/osures o! 2)9 to =)= M.8M 3

TPM# nd 1)@ to ?)0 M.8M3-SM *ere si.ni!i(ntly lo*er) In nother indoor sti( lyin. o/ertion#

@hour benAene soluble T% eC/osures *ere =)= M.8M3!or the /ourer# @)= !or the (rrier nd 11 !or

the tro*eller# (o/red to 2)@ .83!or the ,ettlen)

EC/osure should be iniised by t,in. !ull d4nt.e o! ll /ossible nturl ventilation nd su//leented i! ne(essry by the /ro4ision o! e!!e(ti4e lo(l rti!i(il ventilation in the 4i(inity o! the

*or, or the use o! n orinsl !(e s,) See 2)3) 1)

/.( SPH*T &N0FCT04E N 0SE

As$halts re iCtures o! bitumen *ith inerl ..re.tes nd their use !or rod /yin. re/resents

the lr.est use o! bitumen.

/.(.1 Hot &i7 ,-halt, Hot &i7 Prodution

"ot iC as$halts re /rodu(ed either (ontinuously or bt(h*ise by ddin. ty/i(lly < to @ ss o!

$enetration grade bitumen to hot ..re.te# nd iCin. t te/erture in the rn.e 13? to 1@0o')

Usully# the hot as$halt iC is dis(hr.ed dire(tly into *itin. tru(,s !or trns/ort to the /4in. site

but# in(resin.ly# soni( o! the /rodu(tion is stored in silos *itin. dend)

Personl s/lin. *s (rried out on t*o odern iC /lnts in(or/ortin. rn.e o! bitumens !ro>0 to =00 /en into the s/hlt iC# nd (o4erin. both the o/ertor in the (ontrol (bin nd the

o/ertor lo(ted t the hot iC stor.e lines) The @hour T% eC/osures rn.ed !ro 0 to 1)= M.8M3

TPM *ith n 4er.e 4lue o! 0)= .83)

"ot Pyin. s/hlt //li(tion

"ot /4in. iCes re //lied usin. /4in. (hines# the ho//ers o! *hi(h re(ei4e the hot iCdire(tly !ro the deli4ery tru(,s) These (hines s/red nd /rtilly (o/(t the //lied iC to

desired thi(,ness nd *idth o! /4eent# *hi(h is then !inlly (o/(ted by rollers) The lyin. te(o/rises the /yin. (hine dri4er 5the /yer7# r,ern ieditely behind the (hine)

(orre(tin. i/er!e(tions in the ne*ly lid as$halt lyer# nd s(reedn lso t the rer# to dust

the s(reed to .i4e the desired rod /ro!ile)

Seiutotion nd o/en ir //li(tion redu(e eC/osures to iniu# but the use o! eC(essi4ely

hi.h as$halt te/ertures under still ir (onditions *ill in(rese the eC/osure o! the /yer dri4er nd

other o/erti4es to bitumen fumes unne(essrily) The !ollo*in. eC/osure studies h4e been re/orted:In one sur4ey o4er 1< dys# *ith *ind 4rition !ro nil to ediu# o! the lyin. o! hot iC

(ontinin. < to > by *ei.ht o! =0 /en bitumen nd iC te/ertures o! 132 to 1>@o'# totl/rti(ulte T% eission le4els 4ryin. !ro 0)1? to ?)> M.8M3TPM 51< results *ith en o! 1)2>7

*ere !ound !or the /yer dri4er# *ho is lo(ted (losest to the hot !eed ho//er) For the other o/ertors

le4els o! 0)2? to 3) .8rn3TPM 5en 0)937 *ere deterined !or the r,er nd 0)33 to 1)


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0)@37 M.8M3 !or the s(reedn) For these TPM dt# eCtr(tion o! the benAene soluble /ortion

bitumen fume) *s not (rried out# but the sur4ey (oented tht the /etroleu as$halt fume

@hour T% 4lue o! ? M.8M3

*s eC(eeded by only one o! the esured totl /rti(ulte eC/osures *hi(h *ould h4e in(luded

rod dust)In nother study 5$enr,7 o! hot iC rod lyin. /ersonnel eC/osures# the !ollo*in. 4er.e @hour

T% eC/osures# .in on TPM totl /rti(ulte bsis *ere deterined)

The study sttes tht 4ery !e* results bo4e ?M.8M3TPM *ere !ound# ll !ro the /yer o/ertor#

*ith the hi.hest >)< M.8M3# ost results bein. 4ery u(h lo*er thn ? M.8M3

)In !urther study o! hot iC /4in. usin. s/hlts t 132 to 13?;'# /ersonl s/lin. esureentso4er /eriods !ro 22? to 2>? inutes .4e benAene soluble 5-SM7 !i.ures o! 0)1 to 0)2 M.8M3) These

!i.ures ounted to 0)? to ?1 o! the totl /rti(ulte tter)Pre(utions s outlined in 'h/ter 2)should be t,en to /re4ent s,in nd eye (ont(t)

/.(.2 Cold &i7 ,-halt,

'old iC as$halts re /rodu(ed# on sller s(le thn hot iC as$halts, by iCin. t bientte/ertures# s/e(il cutbac# or flu&ed bitumens *ith dry ..re.tes# norlly bt(h*ise)

These iCes re used !or sll re/ir *or, on /4ed sur!(es# usully *ith //li(tion by nultools nd si/le e(hni(l ids)

"elth nd s!ety /re(utions sso(ited *ith the /rodu(ts de/end lr.ely on the ty/e nd Buntity

o!sol4ent e/loyed in their nu!(ture) s the /rodu(ts re .enerlly used in the o/en ir t bient

te/erture# eC/osure to hydro(rbon 4/our is inil# lthou.h the esures in 2)3)1 should be

(onsidered nd do/ted i! //ro/rite) "o*e4er# !ro the 4ie*/oint o! /rolon.ed nd re/eted s,in(ont(t# should /rote(ti4e esures not be t,en# the ore the bse bitumen is diluted *ith sol4ent#

the .reter the /otentil hazard be(oes) This is /rti(ulrly the (se *hen sol4ents other thn,erosine re used)

I/ereble .lo4es should l*ys be *orn# to.ether *ith barrier creams to ssist (lensin.# nd

other /rote(ti4e (lothin. y be ne(essry to /re4ent s,in (ontintion o! other /rts o! the body)

5See 2)? to 2)?)27These /re(utions re /rti(ulrly rele4nt *hen roti( eCtr(ts o! /etroleu distilltes or (ol tr

/rodu(ts 5e).) creosotes) re used s cutbac# diluents)ny doubts bout the ty/e o! sol4ent e/loyed should be resol4ed by the su//lier# *ho should

/ro4ide S!ety $t Sheet)

/.) S04FCE 4ESSING OF 4OS

The rod intenn(e te(hniBue o! sur!(e dressin. entils s/ryin. the rod *ith thin !il o!binder,

*hi(h y be cutbac# bitumen, $enetration grade bitumen or bitumen emulsion. This is

!ollo*ed by the //li(tion o! lyer o! stone (hi//in.s 5(rushed ..re.te# sl. or .r4el7) The rod

is then rolled to ebed the (hi//in.s into the sur!(e)

The binder is stored hot in !iCed sto(, tn,s !ro *hi(h it is /u/ed# or .r4ity !ed# into obile s/ry

4ehi(le tn,s s reBuired) These re then dri4en to the //li(tion site)S/ry 4ehi(le tn,s re !itted *ith !le tube heaters in order to be ble to boost the bul, liBuid

te/ertures)This is ne(essry !or eC/le *hen /eriods o! in(leent *ether h4e delyed the strt o! sur!(e

dressin. o/ertion) Sto(, tn,s y lso be !itted *ith !le tube heaters.

/.).1 O-eration, u,in$ Cut3a8 Bitumen, a, Binder,

/.).1.1Use o! Fle Tube "etersThe te/ertures ne(essry !or s/ry //li(tion o! cutbac# bitumens re .i4en in //endiC -) These

te/ertures o! 1?0 to 1=0o' reBuire /rote(tion .inst s,in nd eye bu) See belo*)

5o flame tube heater should be o/erted *hilst /rodu(t trns!er o/ertions or s/ryin. re t,in.

/l(e in the 4i(inity) %here eCternl !lue heters re not !itted the heter should h4e been

eCtin.uished nd le!t to (ool !or t lest 1? inutes be!ore the strt o! ny su(h o/ertion)

The s/ry 4ehi(le should be lo(ted on le4el or ner le4el .round *ith the hnd br,e !ully on be!orebein. heted) The flame tube heater should not be used unless there is e4ery*here *ithin the tn,

(o4erin. o! t lest 1?0 o! bitumen o4er the hetin. tubes)The tn, should be deButely 4ented# reotely !ro the dri4er nd the !le tube !lue dis(hr.e#

nd its (ontents (ir(ulted throu.hout the hetin. /ro(ess)


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-e!ore the heter is i.nited# t*o !ire eCtin.uishers should be /l(ed in s!e lo(tion *ithin esy

((ess !or the o/ertor t the burner !ront) %hen i.nitin. the flame tube heater, the o/ertor should

not stnd dire(tly in line *ith the !le tube in (se there is !lsh b(,)

$urin. hetin. nd !or iniu o! 1? inutes there!ter# the o/ertor should rein in

ttendn(e to ensure tht the bitumen is not o4erheted 5beyond the Ciu te/erturere(oended !or the .rde by //endiC -7 nd tht there re no o/ertions in the 4i(inity *hi(h

i.ht relese cutbac# 4/ours be!ore the !le tube is (ool)

/.).1.2Trns!er o! 'utb(, to the S/ry ehi(le Tn, -e!ore trns!er o! cutbac# !ro the su//ly

tn, to the s/ry 4ehi(le tn, ll flame tube heaters ust be eCtin.uished nd su!!i(ient tie .i4en!or the to (ool do*n) This should be t lest 1? inutes)The s/ry 4ehi(le itsel! should stnd on le4el or ner le4el .round *ith the hnd br,e !ully on) t no

tie durin. the trns!er o! binder should the 4ehi(le be le!t unttended)-e!ore ny trns!er o! hot cutbac# bitumen to s/ry 4ehi(le t,es /l(e# it is i/ortnt to ensure

tht there is no *ter or bitumen emulsion in the tn, or its !ittin.s)

173580615 bitumen safety code

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