1760-1821. spain acquires louisiana great britain defeats france in the seven year’s war...
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Spain Acquires Louisiana
Great Britain defeats France in the Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) Changed the balance of power in the
Americas. Great Britain gained Canada and all
French land east of the Mississippi River. Spain received New Orleans
France was no longer a threat in North America
Spain Closes East Texas Missions Spain sends Marques de Rubi to
investigate the need for missions in Texas. Suggested that Spain abandon all missions in
Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad Also suggested forming alliances with the
Comanches Suggested that settlers in East Texas move
closer to San Antonio for protection. 1773, three remaining missions in Texas
closed and the 500 settlers in the area moved to San Antonio
Nacogdoches Founded
East Texas settlers pleaded for permission for the families to return to their former homes.
Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed some to settle along the Trinity River.
Crop failure, small pox, and Comanche forced the colonists to move.
1779, Settlers moved back into East Texas and built the town of Nacogdoches, without government approval.
Spain Helps the American Colonists Spain supported the American
revolutionaries against Britain. Opened the port of New Orleans to
American ships and supplied weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies to troops.
US Buys Louisiana
Louisiana Purchase 1800, Spain was forced to give
Louisiana back to France. US purchased the territory from
France for $15 million. Doubled the size of the US
Gave the US a border with Spain
Border Disputes
US insisted American territory extended to the Sabine River Possibly include all of Texas
Spain claimed the land all the way to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana
General James Wilkinson (US) and Colonel Simon de Herrera (Spain) compromised, saying no one would occupy the “neutral ground.” Became a haven for people trying to escape the law
1819, Adams-Onis Treaty signed Spain transferred Florida to the US Boundary between US and Spain set at the Sabine US surrendered all claim to Texas
Americans Migrate to Texas Philip Nolan
Filibuster Mustang trader Spain suspected he was a spy working
for General Wilkinson Warned by Spanish officials to stay out
of Texas `Nolan ignored the warning and was
ambushed and killed while on a horse capturing expedition
Hidalgo Calls for Independence Best jobs were reserved for men sent
from Spain as administrators. Taxes in Mexico increased to help
pay for wars in Europe. September 16, 1810 – Father Hidalgo
issued a call for freedom from Spain. Tried to capture Mexico City in 1811 Captured and executed “Father of Mexican Independence”
Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Wanted to free Texas from Spanish rule Planned to establish a government in which voters
would choose people to represent them. Republic
Republican Army of the North First action was to cross the Sabine River and capture
Nacogdoches. Captured Goliad
Magee killed defending Goliad from a Spanish siege Spaniards involved in the siege retreated to San Antonio
The RAotN, now led by Samuel Kemper, chased the Spaniards and captured San Antonio
Issued a declaration of independence for Texas
Disagreements and Defeats
Americans favored a government with elected officials, like that of the United States.
Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, like New Spain.
Americans wanted Texas to become independent or a part of the United States.
Mexicans wanted Texas to remain part of Mexico.
August 1813, the Republican Army is defeated near San Antonio.
Revolutionaries and Pirates French pirate Louis Michel Aury
Captured Spanish vessels along the coast of Texas
Jean Laffite Controlled Galveston Island Had aided the American Army against the
British in the War of 1812 Captured Spanish vessels in the Gulf of Mexico Eventually sailed to the Caribbean
According to legend, he buried a treasure of gold and silver on one of the islands along the Gulf Coast, but it has never been found.
James Long
From Mississippi Filibuster Objected to the United States giving up claim to Texas. Summer 1819, Long led an army of 300 to capture
Nacogdoches. Declared Texas was a free and independent republic with Long as
President. Journeyed to Galveston to ask Jean Laffite for help.
Laffite refused Spanish troops attacked and defeated Long’s army while he was in
Galveston. Long recruited more rebels out of Louisiana and returned to
Texas, attacking Galveston Bay. Long and his troops capture Goliad but were surrounded by
Spanish troops and forced to surrender. Taken to Mexico City and killed.