17883 indicators development

8/9/2019 17883 Indicators Development

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INDICATORS OF DEVELOPMENT

GDP: Gross Domestic Product. The total market value of all final goods and services produced

in a country in a given year.GNP: An economic statistic that includes GDP, plus any income earned by residents fromoverseas investments, minus income earned ithin the domestic economy by overseas residents.

Criticism

!hile GNP measures production, it is also commonly used to measure the elfare of a country."eal GNP gro th is seen as an improvement in living standards.

For example : #urther, the recovery efforts for disasters add to GNP, yet the elfare of the nationdoes not improve because of the tragedy.

Take, for e$ample the damage done to the recently happened Ne %rleans by &urricane 'atrina.'atrina destroyed homes, businesses and resorts. (any people ere killed, hile many eredisplaced.

Consumer and investment spen in! to clean up and replace lost possessions and buildingsadded to GNP. The Government spending for relief and clean up may have increased the GNP,

but the elfare of the nation as diminished.

"#pot$etical Comparison o% &DP per capita o% t'o countries 'it$ i%%erence in earnin!sonl# (Ot$er con itions remainin! t$e same)

)arning of * people of a country A

+ - * lakh, + - / lakh, + 0- 1.* lakh, + 1-1 lakh, + *- /.* lakh

GDP per capita - *2/21.*212/.*- /3*- *+, lakh

)arning of * people of a country 4

5 - 6.* lakh, 5 - 6.0 lakh, 50-6.1 lakh, 51- 6 lakh, 5*-*6 lakh


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GDP per capita - 6.*26.026.12 62*6- / . 3*- -, .,. lakh

#inally, GNP places no value on leisure time. (ost ould agree leisure time is important to our

ell7being. 8n fact, as countries get richer, citi9ens generally take more leisure time for themselves.

onclusion

As you can see, the GNP has its limitations. 8t adds the costs associated ith correcting socialills, but charitable orks often are not accounted for.

P$#sical /ualit# o% Li%e In ex

Physical ;uality of


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A tool developed by Pakistani economist (ahbub ul &a in ??6 along ith eminent economistsincluding: Amartya Ben, Paul Btreeten, #rances Bte art, Gustav "anis, 'eith Griffin, Budhir Anand and (eghnad Desai to measure and rank countriesC levels of social and economicdevelopment based on four criteria:

Li%e expectanc# at 0irt$ : Number of years a ne born infant could e$pect to live if prevailing patterns of age7specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the samethroughout the infantCs life.

Mean #ears o% sc$oolin! : Average number of years of education received by people ages* and older.

Expecte #ears o% sc$oolin! : Number of years of schooling that a child of schoolentrance age can e$pect to receive if prevailing patterns of age7specific enrolment rates

persist throughout the childCs life. &ross national income per capita :

The &D8 makes it possible to track changes in development levels over time and to comparedevelopment levels in different countries.

8n 6 6, the inde$ ranked Nor ay, Australia, Ne ealand, the Enited Btates and 8reland at thetop of its list for Fvery high human development.F The countries that fell at the bottom of its Flohuman developmentF list ere (o9ambi ue, 4urundi, Niger, ongo and imbab e. The inde$also sho s that countries ith lots of income do not al ays spend that money in ays that createhigh life e$pectancies or education levels.

&ross National "appiness In ex

The term Fgross national happinessF as coined in ?@ by 4hutanCs fourth Dragon 'ing, 1i!meSin!#e 2an!c$uc3 , ho took 4hutan to the age of moderni9ation soon after the demise of hisfather, igme DorHi !angchuk. &e used this phrase to signal his commitment to building aneconomy that ould serve 4hutanCs uni ue culture based on 4uddhist spiritual values. At firstoffered as a casual, offhand remark, the concept as taken seriously, as the entre for 4hutanBtudies, under the leadership of 4arma 5ra , developed a sophisticated survey instrument tomeasure the populationCs general level of ell7being. T o anadians, (ichael and (arthaPennock played a maHor role in developing the 4hutanese survey, hich took a si$ to seven hour intervie to complete.


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The 4hutanese grounding in 4uddhist ideals suggests that beneficial development of humansociety takes place hen material and spiritual development occur side by side to complementand reinforce each other.

The four pillars of GN& are:

Promotion of sustainable development Preservation and promotion of cultural values onservation of the natural environment )stablishment of good governance

At this level of generality, the concept of GN& is transculturalIa nation need not be 4uddhist tovalue sustainable development, cultural integrity, ecosystem conservation, and good governance.

Through collaboration ith an international group of scholars and empirical researchers theentre for 4hutan Btudies further defined these four pillars ith greater specificity into eight

general contributors to happiness:

. Physical, mental and spiritual health

. Time7balance0. Bocial and community vitality1. ultural vitality*. )ducation/.

17883 indicators development

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