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Federalist Era1789-1801
APUSH 2017
Domestic Policy(What do we do with all the crap going on at
home?)
Overview
▹ Pop. doubling every 25 years▹ New states: KY, TN, OH, VT▹ Finances in disarray
▸ Debt, low revenue, worthless paper money
▹ Failed original constitution
President Washington
▹ Unanimously drafted by electoral college 1789
▹ Temporary capital: NYC
Washington's Cabinet
▹ Precedent: advisors▹ “Unwritten constitution” : Things not
expressly stated that Washington does and now other presidents do.
W
Bill of Rights
▹ Antifederalists demanded it ▹ States ratified only if it was included
Judiciary Act 1789
Supreme Court▹ Chief Justice John Jay▹ 6 justices total▹ Federal and District courts▹ Office of Attorney General
Hamilton’s Financial
Ideas ▹ Report on Public Credit 1790▸ Favor wealthy▸ Wealthy lend govt money▸ Trickle down wealth
▹ Report on Manufactures 1791▸ Promote factories▸ Tariffs raise money
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Funding at Par
▹ Bolster US credit
▹ Pay debts face value plus interest
▹ Bondholders will get money back
Assume State Debts
▹ Obligate states to Federal govt
▹ Debt = good credit
▹ States debate (MA loves, VA hates)
▹ Log rolling→ Deal with DC
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWdBOsk8D7A
Tariffs
▹ Customs duties to pay debt
▹ 8% tariff
Hamilton’s Financial
Plan Excise Taxes▹ Domestic tax▹ Whiskey▹ 7 cents/gallon▹ “Backcountry” angry
Bank of the United States▹ Stable national
currency▹ Govt become a
stockholder in successful businesses
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBmTdJ4XTfs
Jefferson is a hater
Strict Constructionist▹ Constitution doesn’t
say it so it can’t be done
▹ Often state’s rights
Jefferson and Madison
Loose Constructionist▹ Broad interpreters▹ “Elastic clause”
▸ “Necessary and proper”
Hamilton
Whiskey Rebellion
1794 ▹ Whiskey boys▸ Torch buildings, tar and feather▸ Tax collections stop in fear
▹ Washington calls militia, chases them out of PA▸ Significance: new govt is effective
“Pissed them off until we
had a two party system”
▹ Original plan: no political parties▸ Division and unrest▸ Small factions are not parties▸ Jefferson + Madison vs. Hamilton
eventually drew supports and BAM political parties
“Democratic Republicans”Southern, farmers, state’s Rights
“Federalists”Northern, wealthy, Federal power
Federalists
▹ Govt of upper classes▸ Rule by the “best”▸ John Jay: “Those who own the country ought
to rule it”▹ Distrusted commoners
▸ Mobocracy▹ Strong central govt▹ Govt foster business▹ Pro-British foreign relations
Jeffersonians: Democratic
Republicans “Republicans”
▹ Government for the people▹ Middle class, poor classes▹ Small federal government, big state
governments▸ 10th amendments
▹ Agrarian▹ Pro-french
Foreign Policy
French Revolution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B0HZUatZtXI
▹ Separating Feds and Repubs.▹ Upheaval in France, what side will
America choose?
Washington’s Neutrality
Proclamation 1793
▹ What about Franco American alliance?▹ Wash. wanting to avoid war▹ Declared neutral▹ Jeffersonians enraged
Jay’s Treaty 1794
Background Info▹ British menace
▸ Troops in US▸ Violate peace treaties▸ Guns and alcohol to natives▸ Navy impressment
Opinions▸ Federalists avoid war b/c of
lucrative trade with British▸ Republicans support embargo,
economic pressure
Solution▹ Send John Jay▹ Republicans thought he would sell out,
Hamilton cheated to avoid war
Provisions of the Treaty▹ Bye British troops▹ Pay damages for seized ships▹ US will pay pre-Revolutionary debts▹ Brits DO NOT agree to stop with
Natives or impress sailors
“War with Britain averted…….for now…….
Pickney’s Treaty
▹ Yay relations w/ Spain
Treaty Provisions
Spain gets:
Mississippi River accessTrading rights at New Orleans
US gets:
North Florida
Native American “Foreign” Relations
▹ Iroquois not a threat anymore▹ After a few skirmishes….
▸ Treaty of Greenville 1795→ cleared ⅔ of ohio for Americans
▹ American expansion still threatening Natives (it will blow up soon)
“Can we get back to politics?”
Please
Washington’s Farewell Address
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YRHOcskOudg
▹ Less well liked, tired▹ Set 2 term precedent▹ Farewell address:
▸ Domestic warnings▸ Isolationism▸ Partisan fighting
Election of 1796
▹ Federalists→ John Adams (Hamilton nto liked)
▹ Republicans→ Jefferson
Adams wins, Jefferson VP
War with France
France is angry
▹ American break of Franco American Alliance
▹ Warships start terrorizing US ships
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uw0KcA59_8s
XYZ Affair
▹ Secret delegation “x” “y” and “z” met US ambassadors to negotiate
▹ French demand $$$ for them to even see the foreign minister Talleyrand
▹ Negotiations, thus, did not happen
Quasi War 1798
▹ Undeclared naval war▹ Navy department created, expanded▹ Marine Corps created▹ Suspend trade with france▹ West Indies naval battles and
kidnapping
Adams does some good things…..
Convention of 1800
▹ Talleyrand suddenly wants to talk (once US is hitting them hard with trade embargo and stealing their ships)
▹ Negotiations with Napoleon▸ End Franco American alliance▸ US pays damages
▹ War averted…..
Adams goes back to stinking
Alien and Sedition Acts
Purpose: oppressive laws to reduce power of Jeffersonians and silence anti-war people
Alien Act▹ Immigrant restrictions
▸ Most immigrants are Jeffersonians
▹ Raised resident requirement 5→ 14 years
▹ President has deportation powers
(not really enforced, just for show)
Sedition Act▹ “Impeding policies”
or “falsely defaming” govt = prison and fine
▹ Threatens 1st amendment rights
▹ Law expires 1801 (when Adams leaves)
▹
Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions ▹ But actually the Jefferson And Madison Resolutions
▹ Claimed states can nullify federal laws if they are deemed unconstitutional (no judicial review yet)
▹ Used as “Campaign documents” for anti-federalists...but no other states passed them
Revolution of 1800https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUOfpI
PztKM
Federalists Weakened
▹ Split over war with France▹ Adams stunk▹ Many side with Hamilton, breaking
party down▹ Alien and Sedition Acts unpopular▹ Debt and military expansion
Jefferson narrowly
wins ▹ Tied with Burr▹ Goes to HOR▹ Hamilton sways a few in favor of
Jefferson
Significance: Peaceful change of political power. No bloodshed...except Hamilton
Federalist Legacy
Federalist Legacy
▹ Brains and talent▹ Political and financial stability▹ Neutrality, avoiding war well▹ Two-party system
▹ Met its demise with westward expansion and elitism