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Review of

SeriesCompensationDouglas Bowman, P.E.Research, Development,

and Special StudiesDate: Ma !"#!$, !"$%

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Contents$. Series Compensation!. Series Compensation & pes'. Su(s nchronous )nteractions *SS)+ # &erms%. undamentals of SS) and Series Compensation-. orms of SS)

. SS) and Series Compensation/. &ools for 0ssessment of SS) in Series Compensated 1etwor2s3. SS) Mitigation Measures4. SS) Protection Measures$".Protective Rela Considerations for Series Compensated

1etwor2s$$.Protective Rela Solutions for Series Compensated 1etwor2s$!.Pro5ect Planning for )mplementation$'.Design Studies$%.Concluding Remar2s

!

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Series Compensation

$. )ncreases power transfercapa(ilit

!. )mproves transientperformance

'. )mproves reactive power(alance

%. )mproves 6oltage Sta(ilit-. )mproves power 7ow

(alance on ad5acent lines. Deferral of ma5or transmission

investments/. Preservation of e8isting rights of wa

'Bene9ts of Series

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Series Compensation

)ncreases Power &ransfer Capa(ilit

%

Since transmissionlines are mostlinductive, addingseries capacitance

decreases its totalreactance

Reducing ; increases P R

Compensation ;evel < is de9ned as the percent of ; o=set (the series capacitorE8ample: or ; > $ ohm, '"? compensation produces ; # C >

./ ohm

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Series Compensation

)mproves &ransient Performanceollowing Distur(ances

-

)f 0$ @ 0!, thegenerator will return tosta(ilit

Series compensationincreases the s stemsta(ilit limits (reducing the s stemreactance (etween

machines as thisdirectl increases thes nchroniAing tor uethat can (einterchanged (etweenthem

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Series Compensation

)mproves Reactive Power Balance andSelf#Regulation

&ransmission ;ineReactive Power ;osses :

losses >) ! line

Series CapacitorReactive Power utput:

output >) ! capacitor

0s a transfer across theline increases, outputpartiall o=set losses

Reactive Power Balance or 0 '""Mile -""26 ;ine

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Series Compensation

)mproves 6oltage Sta(ilit/

)ncreasingcompensation levels