17th who essential drug

8/3/2019 17th WHO Essential Drug

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WHOModelList

of

EssentialMedicines

17thlist

(March2011)

Statusofthisdocument

ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html


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Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied. The

responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader. InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth

Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.


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17thedition

EssentialMedicines

WHOModelList(March2011)

ExplanatoryNotes

Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost

efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe

basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective

treatment.

Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic

ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt

medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost

effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.

Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithinapharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest

evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor

marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere

isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally

availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare

applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.

Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent

withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir

finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.

Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach

medicinecanbefoundinTable1.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)

specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor

theiruseinchildren.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthereisaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.

ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It

istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach

productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different

productsareinterchangeable.

ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO

Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.

Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplicationofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation

onappropriatedosageforms.


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ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.

Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent

categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.


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EssentialMedicines 17thedition

WHOModelList

EML 17 (March 2011) page - 1

1. ANAESTHETICS

1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen

1.1.1 Inhalational medicines

halothane Inhalation.

isoflurane Inhalation.

nitrousoxide Inhalation.

oxygen Inhalation(medicinalgas).

1.1.2 Injectable medicines

ketamine Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.

propofol*

Injection:10mg/ml;20mg/ml.

*Thiopental

may

be

used

as

an

alternative

depending

on

local

availabilityandcost.

1.2 Local anaesthetics

bupivacaine

Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in

4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.

lidocaine

Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in

2

ml

ampoule

to

be

mixed

with

7.5%

glucose

solution.

Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)

Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.

Injection:1%;2%(hydrochlorideorsulfate)+epinephrine

1:200000invial.

ComplementaryList

ephedrineInjection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.

(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).

1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term proceduresatropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.

midazolam

Injection:1mg/ml.

Oralliquid:2mg/ml[c].

Tablet:7.5mg;15mg.

morphine Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.


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WHOModelList


2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORYMEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING

AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)acetylsalicylicacid

Suppository:50mgto150mg.

Tablet:100mgto500mg.

ibuprofena

Oralliquid:200mg/5ml.

Tablet:200mg;400mg.

a >3 months.

paracetamol*


Suppository:100mg.


*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackof

provenbenefittothateffect.

ComplementaryList[c]

acetylsalicylicacid*

Suppository:50mgto150mg.


*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine*

Tablet:30mg(phosphate).

*TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthe

comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthis

medicineatitsnextmeeting.

morphine

Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)

in1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine

sulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:10

mg

(morphine

sulfate).

Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine

sulfate).

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

allopurinol Tablet:100mg.

2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine*

Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).


comparativeeffectivenessandsafety,forpossibledeletionofthismedicineatitsnextmeeting.


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WHOModelList


ComplementaryList

azathioprine Tablet:50mg.

hydroxychloroquine[c] Solidoraldosageform:200mg(assulfate).

methotrexate

Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

sulfasalazine Tablet:500mg.

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

chlorphenaminea

Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:2mg/5ml(hydrogenmaleate) [c].

Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).

a >1 year.

dexamethasoneInjection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphate

salt).

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in

1mlampoule.

hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.

prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].

Tablet:5mg;25mg.

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific

charcoal,activated Powder.

4.2 Specific

acetylcysteineInjection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].

atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.

calciumgluconate

Injection:

100

mg/ml

in

10

ml

ampoule.

methylthioniniumchloride

(methyleneblue)Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.

naloxone Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.

penicillamine*

Solidoraldosageform:250mg.




potassiumferric

hexacyano

ferrate(II)

2H20(Prussianblue)Powder

for

oral

administration.

sodiumnitrite Injection:30mg/mlin10mlampoule.


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WHOModelList


sodiumthiosulfate Injection:250mg/mlin50mlampoule.

ComplementaryList

deferoxamine Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.

dimercaprol Injectionin

oil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.

sodiumcalciumedetate Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.

succimer Solidoraldosageform:100mg.

5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS

carbamazepine


Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.

Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

diazepam Gelor

rectal

solution:

5mg/mlin0.5ml;2ml;4mltubes.

lorazepamParenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin

1mlampoule.

magnesiumsulfate*

Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin

10mlampoule.

*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother

convulsantdisorders.

phenobarbital

Injection:200mg/ml(sodium).

Oralliquid:

15

mg/5

ml.

Tablet:15mgto100mg.

phenytoin

Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).

Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*

Solidoraldosageform:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).

Tablet(chewable):50mg.

*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson

thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand

dispensingand

should

be

avoided.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)


Tablet(crushable):100mg.

Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

ComplementaryList

ethosuximideCapsule:250mg.



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WHOModelList


6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES6.1 Anthelminthics6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthicsalbendazole Tablet

(chewable):400mg.

levamisole*

Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).

*TheExpertCommitteerecommendedthatthismedicinebe

reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.Shouldbeusedin

combinationwithotheranthelminthics.

mebendazole Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.

niclosamide*

Tablet(chewable):500mg.

*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.

TheExpert

Committee

recommended

that

this

medicine

be

reviewedfordeletionatitsnextmeeting.

praziquantel Tablet:150mg;600mg.

pyrantelOralliquid:50mg(asembonateorpamoate)/ml.

Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonateorpamoate).

6.1.2 Antifilarials

albendazole Tablet(chewable):400mg.

diethylcarbamazine Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).

ivermectin Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and other antitrematode medicines

praziquantel Tablet:600mg.

triclabendazole Tablet:250mg.

ComplementaryList

oxamniquine*

Capsule:250mg.


*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.

6.2 Antibacterials

6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines

amoxicillin

Powderfororalliquid:125mg(astrihydrate)/5ml;250mg(as

trihydrate)/5ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(astrihydrate).

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid

Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml

AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].

Tablet:500mg(astrihydrate)+125mg(aspotassiumsalt).

ampicillin Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.


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WHOModelList


benzathinebenzylpenicillin

Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)

in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml

vial.

benzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)

(sodiumor

potassiumsalt)invial.

cefalexin[c]

Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;250mg/5ml

(anhydrous).

Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asmonohydrate).

cefazolin*a

Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.

a >1 month.

cefixime*

Capsule:400mg(astrihydrate).

*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano

genitalgonorrhoea.

ceftriaxone*a

Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith

hyperbilirubinemia.

a >41 weeks corrected gestational age.

cloxacillin

Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).

Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.

phenoxymethylpenicillinPowderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.

Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).

procainebenzylpenicillin*

Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in

vial.

*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline

treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh

neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin

caseswhere

hospital

care

is

not

achievable.

ComplementaryList

cefotaxime*[c]

Powderforinjection:250mgpervial(assodiumsalt).

*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized

neonates.

ceftazidime Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.


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WHOModelList


imipenem*+cilastatin*

Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium

salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased

infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.

Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed

foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

azithromycin*

Capsule:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).


*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia

trachomatisandoftrachoma.

chloramphenicol

Capsule:250mg.

Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin

2mlampoule.

*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin

childrenolderthan2years.

Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.

Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.

ciprofloxacin*

Oralliquid:250mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].

SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml(ashyclate)[c].

Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

*Squareboxappliestoadultsonly.

clarithromycin*


*ForuseincombinationregimensforeradicationofH.Pyloriin

adults.

doxycyclinea

Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml(anhydrous)[c].

Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(ashyclate).

aUse in children


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WHOModelList


metronidazole

Injection:500mgin100mlvial.

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.

Suppository:500mg;1g.


nitrofurantoinOralliquid:25mg/5ml[c].

Tablet:100mg.

spectinomycin Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:

80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;

80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.

Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg;800mg+160mg.

trimethoprima

Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c].

Tablet:100mg;200mg.

a >6 months.

ComplementaryList

clindamycin

Capsule:150mg(ashydrochloride).

Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.

Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(aspalmitate)[c].

vancomycin Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should neverbe used except in combination. Combination

therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister

packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary

leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied

freeofchargethroughWHO.

clofazimine Capsule:50mg;100mg.

dapsone Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.

rifampicin Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

ethambutolOralliquid:25mg/ml[c].

Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).

ethambutol+isoniazid Tablet:400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide

+rifampicin Tablet:275

mg

+75

mg

+400

mg

+150

mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.


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WHOModelList


isoniazid



Tablet(scored):50mg.

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin

Tablet:

75mg+400mg+150mg.

150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes

weekly).

isoniazid+rifampicin

Tablet:

75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.

60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

pyrazinamide

Oralliquid:30mg/ml[c].

Tablet:400mg.

Tablet(dispersible):150mg.


rifabutinCapsule:150mg.*

*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.

rifampicinOralliquid:20mg/ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.

streptomycin Powderfor

injection:1g(assulfate)invial.

ComplementaryList

Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe

usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.

amikacin Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1g(assulfate)invial.

capreomycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.

cycloserine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

ethionamide

Tablet:125

mg;

250

mg.

kanamycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.

ofloxacin*

Tablet:200mg;400mg.

*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand

programmeconsiderations.

paminosalicylicacidGranules:4ginsachet.

Tablet:500mg.

6.3 Antifungal medicines

clotrimazoleVaginalcream:1%;10%.

Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.


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WHOModelList


fluconazole

Capsule:50mg.

Injection:2mg/mlinvial.


griseofulvinOral

liquid:

125mg/5ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.

nystatin

Lozenge:100000IU.

Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].

Pessary:100000IU.

Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.

ComplementaryList

amphotericinB Powderforinjection:50

mg

in

vial.

Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.

flucytosineCapsule:250mg.

Infusion:2.5gin250ml.

potassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.

6.4 Antiviral medicines6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines

aciclovir


Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Tablet:200mg.

6.4.2 AntiretroviralsBasedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals

are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild

transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these

products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorses

the use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,

including

modified

dosage

forms,

non

refrigerated

products

and

paediatric

dosage

forms

of

assured

pharmaceuticalquality.

Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,

providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.

6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

abacavir(ABC)Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:300mg(assulfate).


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didanosine(ddI)

Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.

Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;

400mg.

Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;

150mg;200mg.

emtricitabine(FTC)*a

Capsule:200mg.

Oralliquid:10mg/ml.

*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof

thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof

antiretrovirals.

a >3 months.

lamivudine(3TC)


Tablet:150mg.

stavudine(d4T)Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.

Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.

tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF)Tablet:300mg(tenofovirdisoproxilfumarateequivalentto

245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)

Capsule:100mg;250mg.


Solutionfor

IV

infusion

injection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.

Tablet:300mg.

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a

Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.


Tablet:600mg.

a >3 years or >10 kg weight.

nevirapine(NVP) Oralliquid:50

mg/5

ml.

Tablet:200mg.

6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors

Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need tobe determinedby each country after

considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended

foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother

proteaseinhibitorsshouldbeusedinboostedforms(e.g.withritonavir).

atazanaviraSolidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg(assulfate).

a >25 kg.

indinavir(IDV) Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).


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lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)

Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.

Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.

Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.

ritonavir



Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.

saquinavir(SQV)aSolidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg(asmesilate).

a >25 kg.

FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS

efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir

Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalent

to245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).



antiretrovirals.

emtricitabine*+tenofovir

Tablet:200mg+300mg(disoproxilfumarateequivalentto

245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).



antiretrovirals.

lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine

Tablet:150mg+200mg+30mg.

Tablet(dispersible):

30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].

lamivudine+nevirapine+

zidovudine Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.

lamivudine+zidovudine Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.

6.4.3 Other antivirals

oseltamivir*

Capsule:30mg;45mg;75mg(asphosphate).

Oralpowder:12mg/ml.

*OseltamivirshouldbeusedonlyincompliancewiththeWHO

treatmentguidelines,i.e.(1)fortreatmentofpatientswithsevere

orprogressiveclinicalillnesswithconfirmedorsuspected

influenzapandemic(H1N1)2009,(2)forthetreatmentofpatients

withconfirmedorsuspectedbutuncomplicatedillnessdueto

pandemicinfluenzavirusinfectionwhowereinhigherrisk

groups,mostnotablyforpregnantwomenandchildrenunder

2yearsofage.


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ribavirin*

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml

phosphatebuffersolution.

Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.

*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

diloxanideaTablet:500mg(furoate).

a >25 kg.

metronidazole

Injection:500mgin100mlvial.

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.


6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinBPowderforinjection:50mginvial.

Assodiumdeoxycholateorliposomalcomplex.

miltefosine Solidoraldosageform:10mg;50mg.

paromomycin Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin

base(asthesulfate).

sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine

antimoniate

Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto

approximately8.1%antimony(pentavalent)in5mlampoule.

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines6.5.3.1 For curative treatmentMedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination. Thelistcurrently

recommends combinations according to treatment guidelines. The Committee recognizes that not all of

theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting. TheCommitteealsoencourages

developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.

amodiaquine*Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).

*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

artemether*Oily

injection:

80

mg/ml

in

1ml

ampoule.

*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

artemether+lumefantrine*

Tablet:20mg+120mg.

Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].

*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin

childrenbelow5kg.


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artesunate*

Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid

withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.

Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral

treatmentof

severe

malaria

only;

patients

should

be

taken

to

an

appropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].

Tablet:50mg.

*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine

orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.

artesunate+amodiaquine*

Tablet:25mg+67.5mg;50mg+135mg;100mg+270mg.

*Othercombinationsthatdeliverthetargetdosesrequiredsuchas

153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride)with50mgartesunatecanbe

alternatives.

chloroquine*

Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphate

or

sulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.

doxycycline*

Capsule:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).

Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).

*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.

mefloquine*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

*To

be

used

in

combination

with

artesunate

50

mg.

primaquine*

Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).

*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale

infections,givenfor14days.

quinine*

Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.

Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).

*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe

usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.

sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet:500mg+25mg.

*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis

chloroquine*

Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.

doxycyclineaSolidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochlorideorhyclate).

a >8 years.


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mefloquineaTablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

a >5 kg or >3 months.

proguanil*Tablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).

*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.

6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

pyrimethamine Tablet:25mg.

sulfadiazine Tablet:500mg.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:

80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;

80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].

Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].

ComplementaryList

pentamidine Tablet:200mg;300mg(asisethionate).

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis

Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis

pentamidine*

Powderforinjection:200mg(asisetionate)invial.

*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense

infection.

suraminsodium*

Powderforinjection:1ginvial.

*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof

Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.

Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis

eflornithine*

Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.

*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense

infection.

melarsoprolInjection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive

compound).

nifurtimox*

Tablet:120mg.

*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,for the

treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.


melarsoprol Injection:3.6%solutionin5mlampoule(180mgofactivecompound).

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

benznidazole Tablet:100mg.

nifurtimox Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.


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7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES

7.1 For treatment of acute attack

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:300mgto500mg.

ibuprofen[c] Tablet:200mg;400mg.

paracetamolOralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].


7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED INPALLIATIVE CARE

8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

ComplementaryList

azathioprinePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.


ciclosporin

Capsule:25mg.

Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan

transplantation.

8.2 Cytotoxic and adjuvant medicines

Complementary

List

allopurinol[c] Tablet:100mg;300mg.

asparaginase Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.

bleomycin Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.

calciumfolinateInjection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Tablet:15mg.

carboplatin Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.

chlorambucil

Tablet:2mg.

cyclophosphamidePowderforinjection:500mginvial.

Tablet:25mg.

cytarabine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.

dacarbazine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.

dactinomycin Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.

daunorubicin Powderforinjection:50mg(hydrochloride)invial.

docetaxel Injection:20mg/ml;40mg/ml.

doxorubicin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.


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etoposideCapsule:100mg.

Injection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.

fluorouracil Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.

hydroxycarbamide Solidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;1g.

ifosfamide Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.

mercaptopurine Tablet:50mg.

mesnaInjection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.

Tablet:400mg;600mg.

methotrexatePowderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

paclitaxel Powderforinjection:6mg/ml.

procarbazine Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).

thioguanine[c] Solidoraldosageform:40mg.

vinblastine Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.

vincristine Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList

dexamethasoneInjection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).


hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.

methylprednisolone[c]

Injection:40mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledosevialand

5mlmultidosevials;80mg/ml(assodiumsuccinate)in1mlsingledose

vial.

prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].

Tablet:5mg;

25

mg.

tamoxifen Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare

Section. SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModel

List, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. The Guidelines for Palliative Care that were

referenced in theprevious listare inneedofupdate. The Committeeexpectsapplications formedicines

neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.

amitriptyline[c] Tablet:10mg;25mg.

cyclizine[c]Injection:

50mg/ml.

Tablet:50mg.


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dexamethasone[c]Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).

Tablet:2mg.

diazepam[c]

Injection:5mg/ml.

Oralliquid:

2mg/5

ml.

Rectalsolution:2.5mg;5mg;10mg.

Tablet:5mg;10mg.

docusatesodium[c]Capsule:100mg.


fluoxetinea[c]Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).

a >8 years.

hyoscinehydrobromide

[c]

Injection:400micrograms/ml;600micrograms/ml.

Transdermalpatches:1mg/72hours.

ibuprofena[c]


Tablet:200mg;400mg;600mg.

aNot in children less than 3 months.

lactulose[c] Oralliquid:3.13.7g/5ml.

midazolam[c] Injection:1mg/ml;5mg/ml.

morphine[c]

Granules(modifiedrelease)(tomixwithwater):20mg;30mg;

60mg;100mg;200mg.

Injection:10mg/ml.


Tablet(controlledrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg.

Tablet(immediaterelease):10mg.

ondansetron[c]a

Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).

Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase.

a >1 month.

senna[c] Oralliquid:7.5mg/5ml.

9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES

biperidenInjection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.

Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).

levodopa+carbidopa Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.


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10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines

ferroussaltOralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.

Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.

ferroussalt+folicacidTabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid

(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).

folicacid Tablet:1mg;5mg.

hydroxocobalaminInjection:1mg(asacetate,hydrochlorideorassulfate)in1ml

ampoule.

10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.

phytomenadioneInjection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

Tablet:10mg.

protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

tranexamicacid Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.

warfarin Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).


heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.

protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

warfarin Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

10.3 Other medicines for haemoglobinopathies

ComplementaryList

deferoxamine*

Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.

*Deferasiroxoralformmaybeanalternative,dependingoncostand

availability.

hydroxycarbamide Solidoraldosageform:200mg;500mg;1g.

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES11.1 Plasma substitutesdextran70*

Injectablesolution:6%.

*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.

11.2 Plasma fractions for specific useAll plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and

Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO Technical

ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).

ComplementaryList

factorVIIIconcentrate Dried.


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factorIXcomplex(coagulation

factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrateDried.

humannormalimmunoglobulin

Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*

Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**

Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*

* Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.

**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines

bisoprolol*Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.

*includesmetoprololandcarvedilolasalternatives.

glyceryltrinitrate Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.

isosorbidedinitrate Tablet(sublingual):5mg.

verapamil Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicinesbisoprolol*

Tablet:1.25mg;5mg.


digoxin

Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:

50

micrograms/ml.

Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in

10mlampoule.

lidocaine Injection:20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.

verapamilInjection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList

amiodaroneInjection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).

Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).

12.3 Antihypertensive medicines

amlodipine Tablet:5mg(asmaleate,mesylateorbesylate).



enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).


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WHOModelList


hydralazine*

Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.

Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).

*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere

pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof

essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe

availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother

medicines.

hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.

methyldopa*

Tablet:250mg.

*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy

inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential

hypertensionis

not

recommended

in

view

of

the

availability

of

moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.

ComplementaryList

sodiumnitroprusside Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure



digoxin

Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.

Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg(ashydrogenmaleate).

furosemide



Tablet:40mg.

hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.

Solidoral

dosage

form:

25mg.

ComplementaryList

dopamine Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:100mg.

ComplementaryList

streptokinase Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.


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12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.

*Foruseinhighriskpatients.

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines

miconazole Creamorointment:2%(nitrate).

seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.

sodiumthiosulfate Solution:15%.

terbinafine Cream:1%orOintment:1%terbinafinehydrochloride.

13.2 Anti-infective medicines

mupirocin Cream(asmupirocincalcium):2%.Ointment:2%.

potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution:1:10000.

silversulfadiazineaCream:1%.

a >2 months.

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasoneaCreamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).

a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

calamine Lotion.

hydrocortisone Creamorointment:1%(acetate).

13.4 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide Creamorlotion:5%.

coaltar Solution:5%.

dithranol*

Ointment:0.1%to2%.




fluorouracil Ointment:5%.

podophyllumresin Solution:10%to25%.

salicylicacid Solution:5%.

urea Creamorointment:5%;10%.


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13.5 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoateaLotion:25%.

a >2 years.

permethrinCream:5%.

Lotion:1%.

14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines

fluorescein Eyedrops:1%(sodiumsalt).

tropicamide Eyedrops:0.5%.

14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoate Injection:140

mg

to

420

mg

iodine

(as

sodium

or

meglumine

salt)/mlin20mlampoule.

bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.

iohexolInjection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml

ampoules.

ComplementaryList

bariumsulfate[c] Aqueoussuspension.

meglumineiotroxate Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS

15.1 Antiseptics

chlorhexidineSolution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted

priortouseforcordcare)[c].

ethanol Solution:70%(denatured).

polyvidoneiodine Solution:10%(equivalentto1%availableiodine).

15.2 Disinfectants

chlorinebasecompound Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.

chloroxylenol Solution:4.8%.

glutaral Solution:2%.

16. DIURETICS

amiloride Tablet:5mg(hydrochloride).

furosemide



Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.

hydrochlorothiazide Solidoraldosageform:25mg.

mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.


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spironolactone Tablet:25mg.


hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.mannitol Injectable

solution:10%;20%.

spironolactoneOralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.

Tablet:25mg.

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES


pancreaticenzymesAgeappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand

amylase.

17.1 Antiulcer medicines

omeprazolePowderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.

Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.

ranitidine*

Injection:25mg/ml(ashydrochloride)in2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:75mg/5ml(ashydrochloride).

Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).



classofmedicineatitsnextmeeting.

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

dexamethasone

Injection:4mg/mlin1mlampoule(asdisodiumphosphatesalt).

Oralliquid:0.5mg/5ml;2mg/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.

metoclopramidea

Injection:5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.



a Not in neonates.

ondansetrona

Injection:2mgbase/mlin2mlampoule(ashydrochloride).

Oralliquid:4mgbase/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:Eq4mgbase;Eq8mgbase;Eq24mg

base.

a >1 month.

17.3 Anti-inflammatory medicines

sulfasalazine

Retentionenema.

Suppository:500mg.

Tablet:500mg.


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ComplementaryList

hydrocortisone

Retentionenema.

Suppository:25mg(acetate).

(the

only

applies

to

hydrocortisone

retention

enema).

17.4 Laxatives

senna Tablet:7.5mg(sennosides)(ortraditionaldosageforms).

17.5 Medicines used in diarrhoea

17.5.1 Oral rehydration

oralrehydrationsalts

glucose: 75mEq

sodium: 75mEqormmol/L

chloride: 65mEqormmol/L

potassium: 20mEqormmol/L

citrate: 10mmol/Losmolarity: 245mOsm/L

glucose: 13.5g/L

sodiumchloride: 2.6g/L

potassiumchloride: 1.5g/L

trisodiumcitratedihydrate+: 2.9g/L

+trisodiumcitratedihydratemaybereplacedbysodium

hydrogencarbonate(sodiumbicarbonate)2.5g/L.However,asthe

stabilityofthislatterformulationisverypoorundertropical

conditions,itisonlyrecommendedwhenmanufacturedfor

immediateuse.

Powderfordilutionin200ml;500ml;1L.

17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children

zincsulfate*


*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjunctto

oralrehydrationsalts.

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

fludrocortisone Tablet:100micrograms(acetate).

hydrocortisone Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.

18.2 Androgens

ComplementaryList

testosterone Injection:200mg(enanthate)in1mlampoule.


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18.3 Contraceptives

18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.

ethinylestradiol+norethisterone Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.

levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.

18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+

medroxyprogesteroneacetateInjection:5mg+25mg.

medroxyprogesteroneacetate Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.

norethisteroneenantate Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.

18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice

18.3.4 Barrier methods

condoms

diaphragms

18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives

levonorgestrelreleasingimplantTworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining

75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).

18.4 Estrogens

18.5 Insulins and other medicines used for diabetes

glibenclamide Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.

glucagon Injection:1mg/ml.

insulininjection(soluble) Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.

intermediateactinginsulinInjection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial

(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).

metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).


metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).

18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList

clomifene Tablet:50mg(citrate).

18.7 Progestogens

medroxyprogesteroneacetate Tablet:5mg.


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18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxineTablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms

(sodiumsalt).

potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.

propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.


Lugol ssolution Oralliquid:about130mgtotaliodine/ml.

potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.

propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.

19. IMMUNOLOGICALS

19.1 Diagnostic agents

AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert

CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,

1987,Annex1).

tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative

(PPD)Injection.

19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand

QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert

CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,

Annex2).

antiDimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:250microgramsinsingledosevial.

antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.

antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.

*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.

diphtheriaantitoxin Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.

rabiesimmunoglobulin Injection:150IU/mlinvial.

19.3 Vaccines

SelectionofvaccinesfromtheModelListwillneedtobedeterminedbyeachcountryafterconsiderationof

international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The listbelow details the vaccines

forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization

(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position

paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be

updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and

recommendations.

AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.

BCGvaccine

choleravaccine

diphtheriavaccine


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Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine

hepatitisAvaccine

hepatitisBvaccine

influenzavaccine

Japaneseencephalitisvaccine

measlesvaccine

meningococcalmeningitisvaccine

mumpsvaccine

pertussisvaccine

pneumococcalvaccine

poliomyelitisvaccine

rabiesvaccine

rotavirusvaccine

rubellavaccine

tetanusvaccine

typhoidvaccine

varicellavaccine

yellowfevervaccine

20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASEINHIBITORS

TheExpertCommitteehasrequestedareviewofthissectionatitsnextmeeting.

atracurium Injection:10mg/ml(besylate).

neostigmine

Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)

in1mlampoule.

Tablet:15mg(bromide).

suxamethoniumInjection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.

vecuronium[c] Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

ComplementaryList

pyridostigmineInjection:1mgin1mlampoule.

Tablet:60mg(bromide).

vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.


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21.1 Anti-infective agentsaciclovir Ointment:3%W/W.

gentamicin Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).

tetracycline Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).

21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).

21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracaineaSolution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).

a Not in preterm neonates.

21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide

Tablet:250

mg.

pilocarpine Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).

timolol Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(ashydrogenmaleate).

21.5 Mydriatics

atropine*a

Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).

*[c]Orhomatropine(hydrobromide)orcyclopentolate

(hydrochloride).

a >3 months.

ComplementaryList

epinephrine(adrenaline) Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).

22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics

ergometrine Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.

misoprostol

Tablet:200micrograms.*

*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage,andfor

preventionofpostpartumhaemorrhagewhereoxytocinisnot

availableorcannotbesafelyused.

Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.*

*Onlyforuseforinductionoflabourwhereappropriatefacilities

areavailable.

oxytocin Injection:10IUin1ml.


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ComplementaryList

mifepristone*misoprostol*

Wherepermittedundernational

lawand

where

culturally

acceptable.

Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.

*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.

22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.

23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList

intraperitonealdialysissolution

(ofappropriate

composition)

Parenteralsolution.

24. MEDICINES FOR MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURALDISORDERS

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders

chlorpromazine


Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.


fluphenazine Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.

haloperidol Injection:

5

mg

in

1

ml

ampoule.

Tablet:2mg;5mg.


chlorpromazine


Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.

Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).

haloperidol

Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:2mg/ml.

Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.

24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders

amitriptyline Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).

fluoxetine Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).


fluoxetinea

Solidoraldosageform:20mg(ashydrochloride).

a >8 years.


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24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

lithiumcarbonate Solidoraldosageform:300mg.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate) Tablet(enteric

coated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

24.3 Medicines for anxiety disorders

diazepam Tablet(scored):2mg;5mg.

24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders

clomipramine Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).

24.5 Medicines for disorders due to psychoactive substance use

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)Chewinggum:2mg;4mg(aspolacrilex).

Transdermalpatch:

5mg

to

30

mg/16

hrs;

7mg

to

21

mg/24

hrs.

ComplementaryList

methadone*

Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).

Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml(hydrochloride).

*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines

shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.

25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

beclometasoneInhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;

100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).

budesonide[c]Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms

perdose.

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in

1mlampoule.

ipratropiumbromide Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.

salbutamol

Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.

Injection:50

micrograms

(as

sulfate)/ml

in

5ml

ampoule.

Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per

dose.

Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.

26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASEDISTURBANCES

26.1 Oral

oralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.

potassiumchloride

Powderfor

solution.


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26.2 Parenteral

glucoseInjectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);

50%(hypertonic).

glucosewithsodiumchloride

Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride

(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl 30mmol/L).

Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalent

to150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%

sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L

Cl)[c].

potassiumchloride

Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule

(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl 1.5mmol/ml).

Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland

Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland

Cl2mmol/ml)[c].

sodiumchlorideInjectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,

Cl 154mmol/L).

sodiumhydrogencarbonate

Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,

HCO3 167mmol/L).

Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,

HCO31000mmol/L).

sodiumlactate,compoundsolution Injectablesolution.

26.3 Miscellaneous

waterforinjection 2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.

27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid Tablet:50mg.

cholecalciferol*[c]

Oralliquid:400IU/ml.

Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.

*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.

ergocalciferol

Oralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).

Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).

iodine

Capsule:200mg.

Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in

ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser

bottle.

nicotinamide Tablet:50mg.

pyridoxine Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).


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retinol

Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).

Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose

dispenser.

Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).

Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in

2mlampoule.

riboflavin Tablet:5mg.

sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.

thiamine Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList

calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.

28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN [c]

aceticacid Topical:2%,inalcohol.

budesonide Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.

ciprofloxacin Topical:0.3%drops(ashydrochloride).

xylometazolinea

Nasalspray:0.05%.

aNot in children less than 3 months.

29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE [c]

caffeinecitrateInjection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).

Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).

ComplementaryList

ibuprofen Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.

prostaglandinE

Solutionforinjection:

ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.

ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.

surfactant Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.


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Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir >25kg

atropine >3months

benzyl

benzoate

>2

years

betamethasonetopicalpreparations Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates

cefazolin >1month

ceftriaxone >41weekscorrectedgestationalage

chlorphenamine >1year

diloxanide >25kg

doxycycline >8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)

efavirenz >3yearsor>10kg

emtricitabine >3months

fluoxetine >8years

ibuprofen >3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)

mefloquine >5kgor>3monthsmetoclopramide Notinneonates

ondansetron >1month

saquinavir >25kg

silversulfadiazine >2months

tetracaine Notinpretermneonates

trimethoprim >6months

xylometazoline >3months


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Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms

A. Principal dosage forms used in EML - Oral administration

Term Definition

Solidoraldosageform

Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchas melts

thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno

differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailabledosage

forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted

dependingonqualityandavailability.

Theterm solidoraldosageform isneverintendedtoallowanytypeof

modifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets

Refersto:

uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare

intendedtobeswallowedwhole;

unscoredandscored*;

tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;

tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror

anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.

Theterm tablet withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany

typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets(qualified)

Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:

chewable tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing

swallowed;

dispersible tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror

anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

soluble tabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother

suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

crushable

tablets

that

are

intended

to

be

crushed

before

being

swallowed;

scored tabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis

intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;

sublingual tabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.

Theterm tablet isalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in

parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis

intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas

entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother

modifiedreleaseform.

* Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.


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Term Definition

Capsules

Referstohardorsoftcapsules.

Theterm capsule withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany

typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.

Capsules(qualified)

Theterm capsule withqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such

capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed

release),prolongedrelease oranothermodifiedreleaseform.

Granules

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed

withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith

wateroranothersuitableliquid.

Theterm granules withoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto

allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.

Oralpowder

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle

dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.

Oralliquid

Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,

suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom

powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal

administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.

Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe

formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype

oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,

granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases

shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain

sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.

B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration

Term DefinitionInjection Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose

constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.

Injection(qualified) Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.

Injection(oily) Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.

Intravenousinfusion Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom

powdersorconcentratedsolutions.


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C. Other dosage forms

Modeof

administration

Termtobeused

Tothe

eye

Eyedrops,eyeointments.

Topical Forliquids:lotions,paints.

Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.

Rectal Suppositories,gelorsolution.

Vaginal Pessariesorvaginaltablets.

Inhalation Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.


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Index

abacavir(ABC)........................................................ 10

acetazolamide................................ .......................... 29

acetic

acid.............................................................. ... 33

acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3

acetylsalicylicacid ........................................ 2,16,21

aciclovir ............................................................ .. 10,29

albendazole................ ................................................ 5

allopurinol ........................................................... 2,16

amidotrizoate .......................................................... 23

amikacin........................................................... ............ 9

amiloride .............................................................. .... 23

amiodarone ...................................................... .......... 20

amitriptyline ...................................................... 17,30

amlodipine............................................................... 20

amodiaquine....................... ..................................... 13

amoxicillin ............................................................ ..... 5

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5

amphotericinB .................................................. 10,13

ampicillin ................................................................... 5

antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 27

antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 27

antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 27

artemether...................... .......................................... 13

artemether+lumefantrine..................................... 13

artesunate............................................ ..................... 14

artesunate+amodiaquine...................................... 14

ascorbicacid ........................................................ .... 32

asparaginase............................................................... 16

atazanavir............................................................. .... 11

atracurium ............................................................. .. 28

atropine ............................................................ 1,3,29

azathioprine ........................................................... 3,16

azithromycin........................................... ................... 7

bariumsulfate ...................................................... ... 23

BCGvaccine................................................ ............. 27

beclometasone ......................................................... 31

benzathine benzylpenicillin .................................... 6

benznidazole............................................................ 15

benzoylperoxide..................................................... 22

benzylbenzoate....................................................... 23

benzylpenicillin....... .................................................. 6

betamethasone......................................................... 22

biperiden............................................................... ... 18

bisoprolol ........................................................... 20,21

bleomycin......................................................... .......... 16

budesonide ........................................................ 31,33

bupivacaine................................................................ 1

caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 33

calamine ................................................................... 22

calciumfolinate...................................................... .... 16

calciumgluconate ............................................... 3,33

capreomycin ........................................................ ......... 9

carbamazepine..................................................... 4,

31

carboplatin .......................................................... ....... 16

cefalexin.......................... ............................................ 6

cefazolin.................................................................... .. 6

cefixime....................................................................... 6

cefotaxime ........................................................... ......... 6

ceftazidime .......................................................... ......... 6

ceftriaxone..... ............................................................. 6

charcoal,activated..................................................... 3

chlorambucil........................................................ ....... 16

chloramphenicol....................................................... . 7

chlorhexidine ........................................................... 23

chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 23

chloroquine .......................................................... 2,14

chloroxylenol ........................................................... 23

chlorphenamine......................................................... 3

chlorpromazine ....................................................... 30

cholecalciferol .......................................................... 32

choleravaccine ........................................................ 27

ciclosporin........................................................... ....... 16

ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 7,33

clarithromycin ........................................................... 7

clindamycin ........................................................ ......... 8

clofazimine................................................................. 8

clomifene ............................................................. ....... 26

clomipramine..................................... ...................... 31

clotrimazole ............................................................... 9

cloxacillin ........................................................ ........... 6

coaltar ............................................................. ......... 22

codeine............................................................. ........... 2

condoms ................................................................... 26

coppercontainingdevice.......................................26

cyclizine....................................................................17

cyclophosphamide ...................................................... 16

cycloserine........................................................... ......... 9

cytarabine............................................................ ....... 16

dacarbazine ......................................................... ....... 16

dactinomycin....................................................... ....... 16

dapsone ........................................................... ........... 8

daunorubicin....................................................... ....... 16

deferoxamine ................................................... ....... 4,19

dexamethasone.................... .................... 3,17,18,24

dextran70.................................................................19

diaphragms .............................................................. 26

diazepam........................................................ 4,18,31

didanosine(ddI)...................................................... 11

diethylcarbamazine .................................................. 5

digoxin........ ........................................................ 20,21


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diloxanide ................................................................ 13

dimercaprol ...................................................... ............ 4

diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 27

diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 27

dithranol.......................................... ......................... 22

docetaxel .......................................................... .......... 16

docusatesodium ..................................................... 18

dopamine.......................................................... .......... 21

doxorubicin...................................................... .......... 16

doxycycline.......................................................... 7,14

efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11

efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 12

eflornithine .............................................................. 15

emtricitabine(FTC)............. .................................... 11

emtricitabine+tenofovir..................................... ... 12

enalapril ............................................................. 20,21

ephedrine.......................................................... ............ 1

epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 3,20,29,31

ergocalciferol ........................................................... 32

ergometrine.............................................................. 29

erythromycin ............................................................. 7

estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone

acetate.................................................................. . 26

ethambutol........ ......................................................... 8

ethambutol+isoniazid.......... ................................... 8

ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+

rifampicin................ ............................................... 8

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8

ethanol................................................................... ... 23

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 26

ethinylestradiol+norethisterone......................... . 26

ethionamide...................................................... ............ 9

ethosuximide............................................................... . 4

etoposide .......................................................... .......... 17

factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,II,

VII,IX,X)concentrate .......................................... 20

factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 19

ferroussalt ............................................................... 19

ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 19

fluconazole....................................... ........................ 10

flucytosine........................................................ .......... 10

fludrocortisone........................................................ 25

fluorescein........................................ ........................ 23

fluorouracil ........................................................ 17,22

fluoxetine ........................................................... 18,30

fluphenazine............................................................ 30

folicacid .................................................... ............... 19

furosemide......................................................... 21,23

gentamicin ........................................................... 7,29

glibenclamide ....................................................... ... 26

glucagon................................................................... 26

glucose........................... ........................................... 32

glucosewithsodiumchloride ...............................32

glutaral.................................................................. .... 23

glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 20

griseofulvin..............................................................10

Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine ..................28

haloperidol....... ........................................................ 30

halothane.................................................................... 1

heparinsodium ....................................................... 19

hepatitisAvaccine..................................................28

hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 28

humannormalimmunoglobulin................................20

hydralazine .............................................................. 21

hydrochlorothiazide ................................... 21,23,24

hydrocortisone......................................... 3,17,22,25

hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 19

hydroxycarbamide................................................ 17,19

hydroxychloroquine .....................................................3

hyoscinehydrobromide ......................................... 18

ibuprofen.................................................. 2,16,18,33

ifosfamide ............................................................ ....... 17

imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 7

indinavir(IDV)........................................................11

influenzavaccine..................................................... 28

insulininjection(soluble).......................................26

intermediateactinginsulin....................................26

intraperitonealdialysissolution(ofappropriate

composition)........................................................... 30

iodine ................................................................... ..... 32

iohexol ............................................................ .......... 23

ipratropiumbromide..............................................31

isoflurane................................................... ................. 1

isoniazid .......................................................... ........... 9

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin ..................9

isoniazid+rifampicin...............................................9

isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 20

ivermectin .................................................................. 5

Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................28

kanamycin........................................................... ......... 9

ketamine.....................................................................1

lactulose........................ ............................................ 18

lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 11

lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine...................12

lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine................12

lamivudine+zidovudine.......................................12

levamisole .................................................................. 5

levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 18

levonorgestrel..........................................................26

levonorgestrelreleasingimplant ..........................26

levothyroxine........ ................................................... 27

lidocaine ............................................................ ... 1,20

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)......................1

lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 31


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lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r) ................................. 12

lorazepam ................................................................ .. 4

Lugolssolution..................................................... .... 27

magnesiumsulfate....................................... ............. 4

mannitol ............................................................. 23,24

measlesvaccine ...................................................... . 28

mebendazole.............................................................. 5

medroxyprogesteroneacetate ............................... 26

mefloquine......................................................... 14,15

meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 23

melarsoprol...................... ........................................ 15

meningococcalmeningitisvaccine....................... 28

mercaptopurine...................................................... .... 17

mesna............................................................... .......... 17

metformin ................................................................ 26

methadone........................................................ .......... 31

methotrexate .......................................................... 3,17

methyldopa.................................................. ............ 21

methylprednisolone.................................................... 17

methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3

metoclopramide ...................................................... 24

metronidazole ..................................................... 8,13

miconazole............................................................... 22

midazolam ........................................................... 1,18

mifepristone ............................................................... 30

miltefosine .............................................................. . 13

misoprostol ........................................................ 29,30

morphine.......................................................... 1,2,18

mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 28

mupirocin.................................................. ............... 22

naloxone ..................................................................... 3

neostigmine ............................................................. 28

nevirapine(NVP).................................................... 11

niclosamide............... ................................................. 5

nicotinamide............................................................ 32

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 31

nifedipine ................................................................. 30

nifurtimox ............................................................ .... 15

nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 8

nitrousoxide........................... ................................... 1

norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 26

nystatin.................................................................... . 10

ofloxacin........................................................... ............ 9

omeprazole ............................................................ .. 24

ondansetron....................................................... 18,24

oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 25,31

oseltamivir .............................................................. . 12

oxamniquine ............................................................... . 5

oxygen ........................................................... ............. 1

oxytocin............................................................... ..... 29

paclitaxel.......................................................... .......... 17

paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9

pancreaticenzymes .................................................... 24

paracetamol.......................................................... 2,16

paromomycin........................................................... 13

penicillamine....................................................... ......... 3

pentamidine ........................................................ ....... 15

permethrin ............................................................... 23

pertussisvaccine ........

17th who essential drug

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