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Refrigeration cycle
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Liquefaction Process Classification
External Refrigerant type
Cascade
Mixed Refrigerant Process (MR Process)
- Single MR
- Dual MR
- C3 Pre-cooled
New processes
Dual MR Process (Shell)
Liqeufin Process (Axens)
MFC Process (Linde)
AP-X Process (APCI)
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Liquefaction Existing Process
Single MR Process (PRICO)
TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)
CASCADE Process (Phillips)
C3 Pre-cooled MR Process (APCI, Shell)
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Single MR Process (PRICO)
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Single MR (PRICO)
Refrigerant
InterCooler
Inter StageScrubber
Inter StagePump
RefrigerantCompressor
RefrigerantCondenser
Pump
High Pressure Refrigerant
Low Pressure Refrigerant
RefrigerantHeat Exchanger
Treated Feed Gas
Heavy LiquidSeparator
Heavy Liquidto Processing
LNG To Storage
GASTECH 1998
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TEALARC Dual MR (Technip)
RefrigerantHeat Exchanger
Fractionators
LNGto Storage
C2+
RefrigerantHeat Exchanger
Treated Feed Gas
Pre-refrigerationCycle
Liquefaction Cycle
Mixed Refrigerant
MixedRefrigerant
by LNG9 1989
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Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)/C3 MR
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Fractionation
C3Pre-cooling
N2Reject
MP C3
HP C3
LPC3
HPC3
MPC3
HHPC3
LNG
to Storage
Fuel Gas
Scrub Column
LPG
MixedRefrigerant
C3Compressor
MRCompressor
RefrigerantHeat
Exchanger
Condensate
LPC3
LPG
TreatedFeed Gas
Propane Pre-cooled MR (APCI)
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Cascade process using liquid heat exchanger(ConocoPhillip)
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Tem
pe
ratu
re (°C
)
Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)
1000 2000 3000
-100
-40
20
-60
-80
-20
0
-120
-140
-160
Natural Gas
Propane
Ethylene
Methane
Cooling Curve of Cascade Process
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Tem
per
atu
re (°C
)
Enthalpy difference (kcal/mol)
-100
-40
20
-60
-80
-20
0
-120
-140
-160
1000 2000 3000
Natural Gas
C3 Cycle
MR Cycle
Cooling Curve of C3 Pre-cooled MR
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Liquefaction New Process
Dual MR Process (Shell)
Liqeufin Process (Axens)
MFC Process (Linde)
AP-X Process (APCI)
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SHELL DMR Process
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Dual MR Process (Shell)
MixedRefrigerant
MR CompressorSpool woundHeat Exchangers
by LNG12 1998
MixedRefrigerant
Compressor
RefrigerantHeat
Exchanger
N2Reject
LNG
to Storage
Fuel Gas
Fractionation
Scrub Column
LPG
Condensate
LPG
TreatedFeed Gas
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Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)
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LNGto Storage
Fuel Gas
RefrigerantHeatExchanger
RefrigerantHeat Exchanger
RefrigerantHeat Exchanger
Sub-cooling Cycle
LiquefactionCycle
Pre-cooling Cycle
Treated Feed Gas
End Flash
Mixed Fluid Cascade (LINDE)
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AP-XTM Process (APCI)
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AP-XTM Process (APCI)
Propane Pre-coolHeat Exchangers
FeedGas
Nitrogen Gas Expander
Nitrogen Compressor
Nitrogen Cold-box
Coil WoundSub-cool Heat Exchanger
Coil WoundMCHE
MR Compressor
Propane Pre-cool Compressor
LNG
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Liquefaction Evolution of LNG Train Capacity
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Mil
lio
n T
on
/Yr
CamelKenai
Lybia
Brunei
SkikdaAbu Dhabi
Badak
Arzew
Arun
Malaysia Australia
Abu Dhabi
Qatargas
Malaysia Dua
Ras Laffan
NigeriaAtlantic
Oman
Malaysia TigaRas Laffan Exp
Woodside Exp
Egypt SEGAS
Gas Turbine Driven
Steam Turbine Driven
Egypt Idku
Snohvit
Elec Motor Driven
GE
Fr.
6&
7
GE
Fr.
5
Po
we
r E
xp
ort
Mo
tor
Dri
ve
GE
Fr.
9
He
lpe
r M
oto
r
Arun 6
Tangguh
QGII
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