Congress of Vienna and Revolutions

of 1848

POLITICAL CHANGES OF THE 1800’S

LIST 5 COUNTRIES IN NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE

How much territory is under Napoleon?

How do you predict that the map will change after the Congress of Vienna?

WHAT IS HAPPENING HERE?

Began with his invasion of RussiaArmy of 600,000—only 40,000 returned Other nations attack his crippled army—

and he was exiled to Elba.Made a triumph return, but was defeated

by the Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo.

At Waterloo—Napoleon was defeated by a combined British and Prussian army and was once again exiled until his death.

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL

DUKE OF WELLINGTON AND THE BATTLE OF WATERLOO

France and England are mortal Enemies!

What caused the Congress of Vienna?

Colonies- territories taken over and ruledby another country

Reparations- money That a country owns In order to pay war

debts

Return of Plundered Art

British used naval power to occupy several French colonies.Now they have colonies elsewhere

Napoleonic wars cost money, lives, and destruction of cities, towns, and Farmland. French owe!

Napoleon’s armies stole art from Conquered countries and put them in Louvre. Countries want them back.

The peace conference between the countries of Europe

GOALS:1. Prevent French retaliation2. Restore a balance of power so that no country would be a threat to others3. Restore legitimate royal families to their thrones

CONGRESS OF VIENNA

WHAT SOCIAL CLASSES ARE THE PEOPLE AT THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA FROM? HOW CAN

YOU TELL?

THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA SEPTEMBER 1814

Russia PrussiaAustria

Great Britainand

France

The congress met to reconstruct the map of Europe and develop a balance of power that would prevent another massive take-over by one country.

THE VICTORS (GREAT POWERS)

Country Leader

1. Russia Czar Alexander I

2. Prussia King Frederick William III

3. Austria Metternich

4. Great Britain Castlereagh

Foreign Minister of AustriaMost influential man at the Congress of Vienna

Divide Europe “equally”Gold vs. Raw Materials

THE CONSERVATIVE AGE OF METTERNICH

How is this map different from the map of 1812?

6 STATES RETURNED TO POWER AFTER THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA

PRUSSIAAUSTRIAFRANCERUSSIA

GERMANITALY

Kings and Princes restored to power

A series of alliances called the Concert of Europe. They would meet to help one another if any revolutions broke out.

Concert of Europe’s modern equivalent is the United Nations. Both have the purpose of promoting peace.

WHAT DID THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA ACCOMPLISH?

BALANCE OF POWER: ADD TO YOUR WORKSHEET

• Keep peace and stability•No one country is too powerful•It is all in the countries best interest

SardiniaNetherlandsGerman ConfederacySwitzerland

Great BritainPrussiaRussiaFrance

ConservatismKings and Queens should rule Keep “things” the sameSuppress the ideals of the French RevLiberalismChange the current systemThe EnlightenmentPower in the hands of the people, not KingsNatural Rights!

CONSERVATISM VS. LIBERALISM

Natural Rights

In what ways would you describe yourself as conservative? In other words, what traditions would you want to protect?

In what ways would you describe yourself as liberal? In other words, where do you wish you had more freedom?

REFLECTION:

Nationalism = people belong to a certain community with common institutions, traditions, languages, and customs

Citizens owed their loyalty to the nations, not a king

Liberalism a strong ally of nationalism

NATIONALISM

REVOLUTIONS OF 1830Liberalism + Nationalism = Revolution

French Liberals overthrew the monarchy and instituted a constitutional monarchy

Inspired revolutions in Poland, Italy, and Belgium

2nd French Revolution leads to universal male suffrage

French inspired revolts in Germany (Prussia), Austria, and Italy

Concert of Europe was able to restore old order

Revolts led to temporary Constitutional Governments. Revolutionaries could not stay together and conservative rule was reestablished.

REVOLUTIONS OF 1848

THE ROLE OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

When people have economic power, they want political power.

IR provided jobs, money, and opportunity that did not come from being born into a particular family