1850-1914: an “age of nationalism” nationalism became the major theme of the late-1800’s...
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The Age Of Nationalism
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• 1850-1914: an “Age of Nationalism”
• Nationalism became the major theme of the late-1800’s• Intense pride and devotion to one’s
country or ones culture
Aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848
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Pros and Cons of NationalismPositive aspects of Nationalism
Negative aspects of Nationalism
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• 1853-1856
• Causes:• Conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire
over territory in the Balkan Peninsula and Black Sea region
• Possibility of Russia becoming too powerful made other European countries nervous
• France and Great Britain aided the Ottoman Empire in the war• Were hoping to keep Russian expansion in check
• Heavy casualties• Florence Nightingale…nursing
• Russia was defeated
Crimean War
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• Italy divided into city-states since the fall of Rome
• Italian peninsula was a battle-ground for competing states throughout much of the early modern period• Lands controlled by outside powers such as Austria
and France
• Attempts at unification in the early 1800’s were unsuccessful• Guiseppe Mazzini: called for a centralized republic
with universal suffrage
• Eventually, Italian unification would be spearheaded by King Victor Emmanuel of Sardinia and his advisor Camillo Benso di Cavour
Unification of Italy
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• In Southern Italy, Giuseppe Garibaldi led a revolt in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was controlled by the French
• Victor Emmanuel was declared the first king of Italy on March 17, 1861
• Venice and Rome were added to Italy in 1866 and 1870
Unification of Italy
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• 1861: Wilhelm I became king of Prussia
• 1862: Otto Von Bismarck appointed Chancellor/Prime Minister of Prussia
• Wilhelm and Bismarck had dreams of Prussia growing in power and dominating German lands. They used nationalism to achieve this goal.
Unification of Germany
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• Under Bismarck, Prussia grew in power• Begins a series of wars to take over neighboring
German states
• Franco-Prussian War:• France and Prussia go to war; France thought
they were preventing a Hohenzollern from taking the throne of Spain.
• Bismarck encourages the rumor and stirs up trouble until France eventually starts the war
• France suffers a humiliating defeat• January 18, 1871: the King of Prussia was
declared the Emperor of Germany• In the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of
Versailles
Unification of Germany
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• Germany and France became bitter enemies• Germany gained control of Alsace-Lorraine
(both were rich, industrial provinces)
• Germany will become and economic and military power
• Germany joins other nations in their quest to build an empire (imperialism…more on this in our next unit)
Unification of Germany