1860- 1865. total slave holders in 1860 farms larger than 1000 acres in 1860

1860- 1865

Total Slave Holders in 1860 Farms Larger than 1000 Acres in 1860

Red Lincoln Yellow Bell Blue Douglas Green Breckinridge Purple Non- Voting Territories

November 6, 1860: Lincoln Elected President December 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes January 9, 1861: Mississippi secedes January 10, 1861: Florida secedes January 11, 1861: Alabama secedes January 19, 1861: Georgia secedes January 26, 1861: Louisiana secedes February 1, 1861: Texas secedes March 4, 1861: Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated

December 20, 1860

April 17, 1861- Virginia secedes May 6, 1861- Arkansas secedes May 20, 1861- North Carolina secedes June 8, 1861- Tennessee secedes Border states loyal to Union: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware. 1863 - West Virginia seceded from Virginia

North Population of about 22 million people About 90% of the nations manufacturing More farms to provide food for Union troops About 21,000 miles of railroad tracks Most of the nations banks located in the North Fighting a defensive war in their own territory Strong military leadership Defending their homeland gave them a strong reason to fight Had skills that made them good soldiers Moral: fighting to maintain way of life South

North Military leadership They were invading unfamiliar land Fighting to keep the Union More than 1/3rd of the population was enslaved; therefore they had fewer people that could be soldiers Population of 9 million Few factories 9,000 miles of railroad lines Money invested in land and slaves South

Weapons- During the civil war, rifles became more accurate and cannons larger Ironclads- Steel/Metal ships Telegraph- Allowing almost instant communication over great distances was utilized greatly during the Civil War Railroads- Allowed transportation of men and supplies Medicine- Medical education increased, seeing a rise in medical schools across the country, triage, evacuation of the wounded, field care, embalming, amputations, and anesthetics were used and improved during the war

Abraham LincolnHannibal Hamlin

Ulysses S. Grant George McClellan George Meade Joseph Hooker Irwin McDowell Winfield Scott GeneralSignificant Battles Ulysses S. GrantShiloh, Vicksburg, The Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Appomattox Courthouse George McClellanFirst Battle of Bull Run, Second Battle of Bull Run, Antietam George MeadeSecond Battle of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredricksburg, Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, The Wilderness, Cold Harbor Joseph HookerAntietam, Chancellorsville, Chattanooga Winfield ScottThe Anaconda Plan Irvin McDowellBull Run, Second Manassas

General Winfield Scotts plan included: A blockade of Southern ports Control of the Mississippi River Uni0n troops moving east from the Mississippi to squeeze the life out of the Deep South Invading Virginia to capture the Confederate capitol of Richmond

President Jefferson DavisVP Alexander Stevens

Robert E. Lee Stonewall Jackson James Longstreet Nathan Bedford Forrest George Pickett GeneralSignificant Battles James LongstreetWilliamsburg, Second Manassas, Antietam, Gettysburg George PickettFredricksburg, Gettysburg, Petersburg Robert E. LeeSecond Manassas Antietam Fredericksburg Gettysburg The Wilderness Petersburg Appomattox Stonewall Jackson First Manassas Second Manassas Antietam Fredericksburg Chancellorsville Nathan Bedford Forrest Shiloh

First battle of the Civil War Fought between a Union army of 28,000 and Confederate army of 33,000 July 21, 1861 The Generals: Union- General Irvin McDowell and General Robert Patterson Confederate- General Joseph E. Johnston, and General Pierre G.T. Beauregard The battle proved this would not be a one sided easy war, as was predicted The Union was defeated by confederate forces The battle spurred a sense of victory in the South and in the North a feeling of revenge Confederate Victory

The USS Monitor The CSS Merrimack

The first battle of iron armored battleships March 9, 1862 Location: The James River It was historys first duel of iron clad warships and the beginning of a new era of naval war fare Marked an end of wooden navies and raised hope in the South that the Union blockade might be broken Draw

April 6-7 1862 Harding County, Tennessee Could have been a huge victory for the Confederacy, however with its loss and the immense loss of human life on both sides, leaders began to realize the civil war would not end quickly 23,746 total causalities Union Victory

Shiloh

August 29-30, 1862 Fought on almost the same battle field as the first Battle of Bull Run Robert E. Lee further cemented his reputation of a great general Confederate Victory

September 16-18, 1862 Washington County, Maryland Lee hoped a show of Confederate strength would convince Maryland to join the South General Grant described, It would have been possible to walk across the clearing in any direction stepping on bodies without a foot touching the ground. This would be the bloodiest single day of the war- 23,000 casualties The Confederacy lost the chance of support by England and France and Lee lost of his army Union Victory forced Lee back to the South Lees failure gave Abraham Lincoln the chance to issue the Emancipation Proclamation after Antietam Union Victory

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Despite this expansive wording, the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states.

The North and South had run out of volunteers to fill their armies. In 1862, the Confederacy passed the nations first draft law. This law said that all white men aged 18-35 could be called for three years of military service. A year later the North passed a similar law that drafted men aged 20-45. (Federal Draft Act) Under both laws, a drafted man could avoid the army by paying a substitute to take his place. This led to charges that the conflict was a rich mans war and a poor mans fight. Draft riots directed at African Americans occurred in New York City over bitterness of being drafted to free slaves 1000 people killed or wounded

Also in 1863, President Lincoln suspends the writ of Habeas Corpus (Habeas Corpus prevents the government from holding citizens without formally charging them with a crime) Allowed the Union to jail suspected opponents indefinitely, but Lincoln saw it as necessary to keep Maryland and Delaware from seceding after pro- secession mobs attacked a Union regiment passing through Baltimore.

Lincoln also faced the challenge of leading a Union that was far from united. One wing of the Democratic party did not believe the cost of the war-in lives, money and civil liberties-was justified. They also didnt think emancipation was a worthy war objective and favored immediate peace with the Confederacy. Republicans nicknamed these critics Copperheads

As men went off to war, women took their places on the home front. Many women went to work for the first time in factories. Others found jobs as nurses, teachers, or government workers Women also served the military forces on both sides as messengers, guides, scouts, smugglers, soldiers, and spies. Dorothea Dix was appointed to Director of the Union armys nursing services Clara Barton, followed Union armies into battle as a field nurse and would later be the founder of the American Red Cross 3,000 women served as nurses to the Union army

Clara Barton-NurseRose Greenhow- Confederate Spy Belle Boyd- Confederate Spy Pauline Cushman- Union Spy Elizabeth Van Lew- Union Spy

At the beginning of the war, the South placed an embargo on cotton exports in an attempt to force Europe to recognize the Confederacy. Great Britain had a surplus of cotton and was developing new sources of supply, so the embargo failed. Without income, the South couldnt imported needed goods to fight a long war and shortage of goods lead to rising prices. By 1863, food costs rose 1000%. In April 1863, a bread riot broke out in Richmond, VA with 100s of women breaking windows and stealing food, shoes, etc. President Davis threatened to have troops fire on the rioters, so the women went home. Similar riots broke out throughout the South.

October 8, 1862 Confederate General Braxton Bragg led his army into Kentucky as an attempt to regain control of Tennessee and possibly bring Kentucky into the Confederacy Fought to the draw by the Union army, Bragg was forced to withdraw and Confederate hopes for Kentucky were dashed Total estimate casualties: 7,621 Union Victory

May 1-4, 1863 Lincolns quest for a winning general continued with Joseph Hooker, at Chancellorsville he was totally out maneuvered by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson This battle was the greatest Confederate victory of the war Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot by his own troops at this battle and died a week later. Confederate Victory

May 19-July 4, 1863 In an attempt to control the Mississippi River, General Ulysses S. Grant attacked the areas around Vicksburg and shelled the city from one side while the Union gunboats attacked from the River Confederate reinforcements failed to show up Confederacy surrenders on July 4, 1863 Estimated Casualties: 19, 233 Union Victory

July 1-3, 1863-Pennsylvania General George Meade-Commanding Union General General Robert E. Lee-Commanding Confederate General Lee invaded the North a second time with 75,000 troops meeting 95,000 Union troops at Gettysburg Picketts Charge- 15,000 Confederate troops charge Union forces led by George Pickett, 2/3 of the men die End of the Confederate offensive in the North More than 17,500 Union soldiers and 23,000 Confederate troops were killed or wounded in the 3 day battle Turning point of the Civil War-Only a Confederate defensive war from here out Union Victory

November 19, 1863 Lincoln reiterate (reminds) the nations fundamental principle that all men are created equal Gives the address during the dedication of the Union Cemetery at Gettysburg

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that "all men are created equal" Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. This we may, in all propriety do. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow, this ground-- The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have hallowed it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here. It is rather for us, the living, to stand here, we here be dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that, from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here, gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve these dead shall not have died in vain; that the nation, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people by the people for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

May- December 1864 General William Tecumseh Sherman and his men set fire to the city of Atlanta, GA, the Souths most important rail and manufacturing center After burning Atlanta, Sherman marched his army toward Savannah, promising to make Georgia howl During Shermans march through Georgia, his troops destroyed everything they found of value. Fields were trampled and burned, houses were ransacked, hay and food supplies were burned

May 5-6, 1864 Grant invaded Virginia with a force of more than 100,000 men. They met Lees army of 60,000 in a dense forest known as The Wilderness. In two days of fierce fighting, Grant lost 18,000 men. Despite the heavy losses, Grant would not retreat. He followed Lees army to Cold Harbor where he lost 7,000 men in 15 minutes of fighting. Draw

Abraham Lincoln (R)George McClellan (D) During the campaign Lincoln doubted he would be reelected The large number of casualties suffered by his forces appalled many voters Lincoln won the popular vote and he won the electoral college by 212 to 21

June 20, 1864-April 2, 1865 (10 month siege) The fourth and final battle between Grant and Lee Lee finally halted Grants drive toward Richmond but could not defeat him Grants losses almost equaled Lees army, but he was able to reinforce his army with fresh troops. Lee could not First use of trench war fare Richmond finally fell on April 2, 1865

April3, 1865-Union troops conquer Richmond, the Confederate capitol (Southerners had abandoned the city and caught it on fire to avoid the North capturing it.) April 9, 1865-Lee and Grant met at a farmhouse in Appomattox Court House (village) to arrange a Confederate surrender Grant releases Confederate soldiers and sent them home with possessions and three days rations Officers were permitted to keep side arms. Lincoln tells Grant: Give them the most liberal terms, let them have their horses to plow with, and if you like, their guns to shoot crow with, I want no one punished.

Differing View PointsRead pp. 130-131 of History Alive Shelby Foote: It Made Us an Is Eric Foner: A New Birth of Freedom Answer this question: How did the Civil War change the United States?

Fords Theatre- Washington D.C.

April 14, 1865 (5 days after the end of the Civil War) While attending the play Our American Cousin at Fords Theatre in Washington D.C. President Lincoln was shot in the back of the head by John Wilkes Booth an actor and Confederate sympathizer. After shooting Lincoln, Booth jumped on state from the balcony and escaped through the back door. Lincoln was quickly rushed to a physicians house across the street and lived for a few hours after being shot

AmendmentDefined Thirteenth Amendment Abolishment of slavery- Neither Slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States. Fourteenth Amendment Citizenship and civil rights for all United States citizens- life, liberty or property, without due process of law" or to "deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Fifteenth Amendment Citizens right to vote- Shall not be deniedon account of race, color or previous condition of servitude.

1860- 1865. total slave holders in 1860 farms larger than 1000 acres in 1860

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