1861-1865Music Credit: http://www.txrebel.com/dixie.html

The War Between States Background

• The war lasted from 1861 to 1865

• The war started and ended at Wilmer McLean’s house

Picture Credit:http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg

• State’s Rights• Slavery• Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney in 1793

• Preserving the Union

• Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

• Slave vs. Free States

Picture Credit: http://www.disciples.org/convo/Slavery.jpg

Advantages• Northern

Advantages:• More People• More factories• More food• Better railroads

Southern Advantages:

Better GeneralsStronger

motivationGlobal demand

for cottonNorth would

have to conquer southern territory to win.

Civil War Facts• 1/2 million people

were killed or wounded in the Civil War

• 60 % of the fighting took place in Virginia

Picture Credit: volusia.com/civilwar/

Leadership

Southern LeadersJefferson DavisRobert E. LeeJoseph E. JohnstonThomas J. (Stonewall) JacksonJames LongstreetP.G.T. BeauregardBraxton BraggJames Ewell Brown (JEB) StuartNathan Bedford Forrest

Northern LeadersAbraham LincolnUlysses S. GrantWilliam Tecumseh ShermanGeorge McClellanAmbrose BurnsideGeorge Armstrong CusterGeorge G. Meade

North South23 States 11 States

Union Confederate

Yankee Rebel

Blue Coats Grey Coats

USA CSA

Army of the Potomac River

Virginia

Federal

Picture Credit: http://www.historyplace.com/civilwar/cwar-pix/civmap.gif

• Abolitionist were people who wanted to end slavery or get rid of it.

• Frederick Douglass (on left) was a well-known abolitionist.

Picture Credit: http://www.historyplace.com/lincoln/lincpix/fred-doug.jpg

http://www.lincolnstore.com/page5.html

KEY BATTLES

Front Sumter, South Carolina

• Since South Carolina had seceded from the United States, it didn’t want Northern soldiers on its land at Fort Sumter

• Southern General Bueargard tried to get the northern general Anderson to peacefully surrender Fort Sumter.

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Fort Sumter• The first major battle of

the Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

• After 2 days, the North surrendered to the South.

• No one was killed but 1 soldier who was killed when a cannon backfired during the surrendering ceremony.

Picture Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim.gif

The 1st Manassas or 1st Bull Run, VA

• July 21,1861• The North had 387

soldiers killed while the South lost 460.

• The South won the battle.

Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif

2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA

• August 29-30, 1862• The North lost

16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000

• The South won the battle.

Picture Credit: www.multied.com/civilwar/ SecondManassas.html

• September 17, 1862• The general for the

Confederates was Robert E. Lee.

• The general for the Yankees was McClellanis known as the Single bloodiest day in the Civil War.

Picture Credit: memory.loc.gov/.../newsletter/ august01/feature.html

Antietam• The Battle took place in

Farmer Miller’s cornfield.• 23,500 men were killed in

the Bloody lane.• The name of the bridge

where the confederates held the Yankees for 4 hours is called, Burnside.

• The south used rocks when they ran out of ammunition.

• South won the battle.Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm

The Battle of Gettysburg, PA• The battle of

Gettysburg, PA took place on July1-3, 1863.

• Major fighting occurred around Little Round top hill.

• The North won this battle.

• On November 19,1863. President Lincoln gave Gettysburg Address.

Picture Credit: www.pennhomes.com/loc.htm

Appomattox Court House

• April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, court house, Virginia.

Picture Credit:http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg

Belle Boyd

• She was a Southern spy that told Jackson that the Yankees were at Front Royal.

Picture Credit: www.civilwarhome.com/ boydbio.htm

Stonewall Jackson• He knew that the Valley was

the bread basket for the South.

• Edinburg produced the most wheat.

• Jackson only lost in the Kenstown.

• He loved to suck on lemons.• He didn’t use chairs because

he believed that standing was good for you.

Picture Credit: www.lib.utexas.edu/photodraw/ portraits/

Robert E. Lee• He named his horse

Traveller.• He said, “I don’t see

how we could have an army without music.” Lee owned a pet hen. The hen went with him everywhere. At Gettysburg, he had his Generals help him find his lost hen.

Picture Credit: www.guyartgallery.com/ civil%20war%20gallery.htm

Trent Affair

On November 8, 1861 Capt. Charles Wilkes of the U.S. San Jacinto intercepted the British mailing vessel the Trent and arrested James Mason and John Slidell.•This breach of neutrality almost led to war

British view of the Trent Affair“…that the arrest of Messrs. Mason & Slidell and forcibly taking them from the Trent, a British merchant or transport vessel, was not justified by the law of nations; and that the British Cabinet were united in sending a despatch to Lord Lyon, protesting against the act, and demanding satisfaction by the restoration of the prisoners and a suitable apology for the insult to the British Flag. [Cut] It may be said that one of two things must happen-- Either, this Government must submit to the demand thus made upon it by Great Britain, or take the hazards of a war at a most inconvenient time to settle a point of international law by resort to arms.” Letter from M.Fillmore 12/16/1861

French View of the Trent Affair“His strong point is that the Trent was sailing from

one neutral point to another; a perfectly immaterial circumstance, in view of the fact that she carried dispatches and officers of the rebel Government. Sir Wm. Scott always held that the immediate point of departure and the direct destination were immaterial if the goods contraband of war actually came from belligerent ports, or were ultimately destined for belligerent uses. The practical lesson to be learned from M. Thouvenel's essay, is that France will not be on our side in the event of trouble between England and ourselves.” (In response to M. Thouvenel’s dispatch) Harper’s Weekly regarding the Trent Affair, January 11, 1862

C.S.S. Alabama 1862The Confederacy's top performing commerce raider, Alabama claimed 65 prizes which were valued at a total of $6 million. Hugely successful in disrupting Union commerce and inflating insurance rates, Alabama's cruise led to the use of additional raiders and had been built in Britain with the British government's knowledge that the ships were destined for the Confederacy, the US Government pursued monetary damages after the war. Known as the Alabama Claims, the issue caused a diplomatic crisis that was finally resolved by the formation of a twelve-man committee which ultimately awarded damages of $15.5 million in 1872.

The previous is a rendering of the naval battle between in the infamous CSS raider, Alabama, and the Union Keasarge. The battle, which took place on June 14th, 1864 in the harbor of Cherbourg, France, was ultimately the last stand for the Alabama. The international stage was not insignificant in the mind of the sailors, especially among the Confederates hoping to assert the legitimacy of their nascent state. Prior to battle, Alabama Captain Raphael Semmes made the following remarks:

“Remember that you are in the English Channel, the theatre of so much of the naval glory of our race, and that the eyes of all Europe are at this moment upon you. The flag that floats over you is that of a young Republic, who bids defiance to her enemies, whenever and wherever found. Show the world you know how to uphold it!” (Foreman, 622)

Check Point:

1. How did the Trent Affair illustrate strained relations between the United States and Western European powers?

2. Why was the United States upset with Great Britain with regard to the C.S.S. Alabama?

Abraham Lincoln• President Abraham

Lincoln on Jan, 1, 1863, declared the Emancipation Proclamation that freed some slaves!

• President Lincoln’s 4 brother-in-laws were Confederates.

• He was the 1st president to wear a beard.

Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm