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Title: Fort Ross, A Study in Historical Archaeology Author (s): Adam E Tregansa Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library

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COlli IrS

• • • • • • • • • • • • • 1

f orewort . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 6

• • •

Appad1x I. ! he W.7 Hl1 Aoooat of • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

lxpl.aa&Uon ot Platee • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. • • • • • • 40

_;, . . ,

·: ·· ' .... :; ·.·•

\

f

U.r . . ! • D. IIOO'OIIIl

Sewlt.atct aliia:PIM ot the. P.O&ft\ioQ ONW ai ton RoN St.te ·, .-...

~buticm to th a:to.It, but ateldtlr uowaulatJ.aa 'bo47 of

U'O.bUitU.OI. ·17· o:t b.S.atodo at · in CaUtoftda. the 1lidD

Oil tbU .,.~.. txe'lmi'Uon ot ~· <Mdlib ..

Xal!l P.lAUzli ed41Dcre ot the c._ lhlpll."ttk ot l59S • tlae

.... ot ~ lq ........ 1941; saua .• 19SOJ asp. IIDl S.!al', 1"2);

u. , a Boue tJAepole --. the ~ t11tc .. tint. om-

..._ W· d.'ll'li&U cliaocmn4 l4 1a l...,.,., 1848 (o.lltoftlla BolA D~,

1947); the ..,.,.t!GD or tM Saaobea Adobe, Sa teo Oo\Jtl\1 ())rUe,

1952).

f . be atteaw to t.7 Mob ot u wbo baa • pan u auah rt.eld1toft.

· • •icbteeer'a ~t. whiolt br1l:tp btll to nclh •pow aa Ol"t no.. u buleal.lr • HDM ot hiatory (~be 11a7 be~ ~t. ot tao\t)

t. v1ewa old toaactatlou, poilU or .-tU.Ot.l a l&!rl1t u wl~ &

AUe ot CD4 aPP"Q1at1GIIl tb&\ hen la IOMt.bizla ol4, ~.

UID'.aa~WtiPDfrtecl u4 &J.toretta.r teaotaat • Ial DO ...U. part U. _... ...

oloatoal ~ oaa be ~ iD!etfait.lT by IMltwiD& • · ot \be .

...,.,._ ~· ot t..aa.\i . ........... tural ,.~ 1114 M\Jfll thea

out4oor eltdbltl whicb oe '- ~1:eq aplas.a.4 b7 tip~ ud ~· ·

1

u

fo ~ la:wllfle«p art • ta the .oaly .. '-bU& · at tc · · . .t b7 abu

to be uaavaW 1ll ·lforih A~ (the ~' •''- at l ith .ad • NM~J.U

Iel.ud -- ..,, beea t! J •

. _..,.\loft of bUtono tot"tt, whDee looaU - ·.U the t..., ~

ot Bwopea~& entl .. at., 11 eot .... A ounot7 ...,.. ot the U\ttftture bu

•eel • .,.., ot n.pol'tj OQ ataeh !.lrretttpU., d tbeM .,.. oS.'-1

til 'the beUet Ulat t.hq ..,, 1a ._., ••• ca4 at. ._. U.., btl 'tJMfu1 1a

the oOD'U.DuS.zlc pr'OIJ'U ot ·~ Cel1f0ftd..a '• hie . do a1tM. • es.•

ot the 1585 · Cuol.1M ••~, ·Ol't Bal.Sp, h .. -. . nW br

J. c. Haniqtoo (1949&, 1949b). ' ...,.,..* .. .., ten oa · talaDd

(Put o~) le ,. ora by SolMtd. (1950). Ia Oeorcla ~ oodatook

(CaldwU, 1950), rut rr.!erioa ( .Ubeulk:t, 1948) ud a. •toob4..t poe'.­,llfU4:m 1D Ocaulpe t. • (le~, 1939) baTe bMa OlfttuU.7 ....... ad

tM renl.ta ,.mu.w. I:a ~ • .Uob lib CaU~ .. t.be .._ ot

Ml'~ pu.Uh aet.-u..t a4 tdaai.U.tton, at 1Mat two tOll'ta baft ·-..

axa&ftw .... - n rupo (Gog1D, 1951) .o4 rort sa w. (Bo,t, s.tth u111

Grltfta, 1951). "'- laWr tiM~ b tht ..,. _... ...,. IM'\ · . IQ {Ortttila1

19JO) u4 tbt M41ac 91ooldaoul• (QrUfta, 1952).. In lnoMo._, Std.th (1939)

eaaft.W POl'\ Jl14aell', a U.S. An;r poe\, aD4 1a the laOl'Ul ... t ~ 1ft

aoeu.at •porta aa rt ClaUop (C.,.wood , 1948&}, ron Y~ co~, 194'1, 194Sb, 19484), d Port I.U. alla (GU'th, 1952).

~ • hiat.orto •1"- a:tobuolou' Sa UalW

_ plbU•he4 ~by J . O. ~ (1952). ThU JU'

lla. O.Ur pialCD Dr. 'll't usa •• tnt!ca ot ow . . obJ ttw iator•

aUc '- ~'ld.rlt! ·tbro . · nticta u., ll11teelt, tw

H04l _...tJ.OD t. oant'lal IU'biU'tue .~tioft lNt. ot.rr114 m bltoh

arrr r."'dldi»&, al . ·Uou or &4dit.1cm u J)RtOl'Mit a\ biltorio aitta

YliHIIIIN by th Stat. ot Califoreia.

Bibllographf

Beardsle,-, B. l. 1946. The onterey O'Wttola House Flqpole; Arob&eological tiadi.Dga .

Calit. Hiat . Soc . Qua:rt . , Vol. 25, PP• 204;.218.

Bold, • r. , B. G. Slli t.h aDd J . 'f. Gri.ttill 19Sl. Here They Onoe Stood. ll'lliv. of Vla. Pr•a, Ga1Daaville.

Caldwell , S. r . 1950. the &xoavat1cm aDd Recoutruet1on ot the loodatock Port.

Early Georsia, la2a22•29, Athena.

Calltomia Gold Discovery 1947. Cerrtemd&l Papers em th• Tiae , the Sit. and Artitact.a.

Oal1t. Hist . Soc ., Spec . Pub1. l o . 21.

Caywood, L. a. 1947. ExploratorT Exoavatiou at Fort Vancouver. latiorral Park

Service, VRcOUYer, Waeh .

1948&. the Ex;loratoJ-7 Ezoavation of Fort Clatsop. Ore . l ist. QlW'.' 49•205-210.

l948b. Exo vatiq Fort Vancouver. The Beaver, OUtfit 278a4-7 (Jlarch, 1948) .

1948o. The Arohaeolog1c.U. E.x:oavat1ou of Fort Van.oouver. Ore . Bist. Quar., 49•98·116.

Drake, R. J. 1952. Supl.ir.lga 111 1U.ato17 at the S&nohea Adobe, Su teo Count7,

Oa11tond.a. 11 Palacio, Vol. 59, pp. 19-29.

Pai.rbuke, C. H. 1948. fort ederioa BatioDal omaeat. hoJ7 tJJ'liverait7 ~rq,

4tl:8-l4.

Garth, 1'. a. 1952. Aroha ological Exoavatiooa at Port Walla Walla. Pac.

rthwe t Quar . , 43alt27-50.

Goggin, John M. 1951. Fort Pttpos A Spanish Frontier Outpost. Florida Biat.. Quar.,

)0t2al39•192.

Grittin, 1. I . 19SO. An Archaeolog:tat at Fort Oadsden. Plorlda Hist. Quar . ,

281255-261 .

1952. The Udison Blockhouse. Plorida Jli t . Quar. , 30131276•293.

iagton, J . C. 1949a. ! • Pillditlg ot Fort leiah. Southern IDdian Studies,

lalalS-19, Obw.pel 1111.

1949'o.

1952.

eizer, R. •

Arobaeologioal Explorati at Fort Ra1eip B&tioDal Historic Site. lorth Carolina 1st. Rev., 26•2•127-149.

Riatorio Site Arohaeolog i n the United Statu. !9 Arohae­olon ot Eutern VDitecl Statea . Ed. b7 I. B. Gr1lt1D, PP• 335· 344. tJDiY • Ohioaao Pr a.

Arohaeoloc7 and Local Bietor7. Inc'U.au. he. ot Kist. , 49•1•69•79.

1941. Archaeological Evidet10e ot S.N8tiu Rodripea Cei'IIHO 11 California Vi it in 1595 . Callt. Hi t. Soc. Quart . , Vol. 20 , PP• 5•22.

lellJ, A. a. 19)9. ftle Oil TradiDg Poat, ell Hi storical FOUDdlliJI . A.aer.

Allt1q . , 41328-333.

Meighan, 0. 1950. Bxoavat.io ia Sixteenth 0 atU17 SheUaounda at Drake 11

hT, Calitornia . thiiv. of Celit. Arch . Sll1"Y87, aport o. 9, Paper no . 9, pp. 27•32.

---- aDd R. F. R iser 1952. Arohaeolo ioal · xp1oration or Sixteent -cent\QT Iadi&D ounda

Saitb, G. •

t :Drak ' Bay. Caill. Bist. Soc. Quart.., Vol . 31, pp. 9S. 108.

19.39. boavatillc the Site ot Old Fort Ridae17. izm ota H1sto17a A rter1;y Jlal . , 20al46•155, St. Paul.

Solecki, Ralph 1950. The Arobaeolo i o Position ot Biator1o ort Corohaua, L. X.

and ita Relatioll to Conteaporar;y orts. Arohaeo1. Soc . ot Conuot1out, Bull. lfo. 24, PP• 3•40.

Stautter, A. P. aDd c. • Porter 19/J. The at.ional Park ervice Progru ot Couervat1on tor Areu

and Structures of tional B1atorioal S1snit1c&DO•. ia 1asipp1 Valle;y Hi t . a.v. , 30a2S•48.

!he ..... u npot'W -... wu oant.t __. vaa. • tn Cal1toftda St&'te !J11ilio t4 ....... .-1 Pub u4 \M VU.,_..lV ot

State D11ia10il ot Be1oblt• aa4 P~~r:Q, m4 4etallt ._. 4110111M4 lr.t. ..,.._

··. n.. U.lur ..S. . . o•, De~ ot

Dr • . •

· to •xpreae hie •PPI'80 _ t,S.. to . • • S. COOD

tat. ot Cal.UOJnd&, Dlv!liia ~ ._ohu Ull Pub,

deUss rield Optrats.ou, ..S to DH. • P. B ·taetr u4 ! • D. -., tM

fla!:ven1t of o.lltOI"Jd.a, eo tutloUoaed .!o a aupeftiaDJ7 upult,o u4 pro-

:t aa ~to fl.r . 3. ldeuie, Cunt. at Port Rots, ·'-' ~ h.•p!.•

taltty, e · tiOQI, tor tM -ot hll mtf,AtJ. u.oa ... u •'-·

'l'h• a,.s,. cnw ~•t..W ot ru.~ ~. a.JI'IIIH P1eJtoo, a... !horp, aDd aa&.~~•th lel11M!J47• 11t.bou\ thfaSr .tl.U.QprMa to •l'k ~ av~~~nJ

&1M\ •~ a. th1a proJeot oool4 .at baft -. aU.futonq _. ..

cl u.. oriri:n•nr all.otw.

l

N

i ~ A . ~ ~ ~ z r ~ ~ ~ l ~ o = • f f ( ( i f I ~ i_·. ~ ! .1 .. f ti i I I ~ . . I l ~ I ~ i I ~

J c ! !. I s ~::_ '· - 11 i ! ~ I ~ . ! ~ . .. !! I f , · ft~~~~:~·~. i~r. . l f .··. ~'1 ~ ! · , I 1 1 1 ; ! I ~ 1 t r I r 1 J t l 1 ~ ~-· i···_. ~ .. • f 1?. I •_· ~ !_ .i )A. ! .'·.· ··o .. ' ·· ~ •. . · • .. • .· ~ ( ; : _. 1:.· I (! : .· · i · ~ · .. · ... ~a 1 s. .. .. ,. ·· ..

.. ·a · ,,~ _ · J .· . · .. 1 .- >. r ~~fi: . G · . 2 CO .· 12 · - · . · f t. · ,: tl

i l I ~-0_· .. J t: .• ( ~. 1 & f f ! ~ I f_ .• . ! .. ·. '· I ~ i l .. J f 1 £ E ~: ~: r t .. £ • J ~ t ! ~: J a _~ .. · 1_. ·, ~-· t.·. .1· s.f.D- r.·. i I 11 ~~--. · __ · ~ 1_· ._ f i .··. ·-;,_ -1 s a ~ I· · ~ · i ~ , . f . • o • ~ r 0 ... • J:. . s . .. .,

_ .-. ~ f _! ._· ~ _1 !.. ~ ,. ~ 1. ~~ __ . f .I_ 9 ~-. f ; s . r I . - • • • • ~ . r f I I I J I

:.: ~ _._· .. _i_ i:r' r. .. 1- ;r & e. 1 !,. ~: ~ f I f I g. ! 11 -~ . -~ . I ti 1 8 f . . -l J 1 -'l

1 l 1 I ! l ~ : i ~ ~ 1 ~ r ~ I ~~· · : i i f !.• ~~- - · r ( ... ~~ ~ l E 8 t r. l I ,. J I

• 1- r . t . s J! -. ~ . . ~ • •

§ a

attriaable on the part ot the D1vis101D ot · aohea ad Pva to OQduot. tlrlt a

thOJ:'OUih invut!pticm irlto the utter ot ori 1Dal lud•rke s..otar u tbe7

pertaSaed to aat1o1 W plau tv reooutruat1cm. The P"8•t paper 11

Ua!W 1D aeope, airloe tiM u4 a_peocU_... wee 4eaipe4 to aoo.oapllaa

apac1f1o objooti'ftl.

1'he Jriat7 obj ttve to reloeate, 1t po a1bl.e, tot. tour or:ta1Dal

stookad walla. fh1a being acCOIIlpUshecl, 1 t then ·1nble to check &11

the reoout:raoted features tOP . te loc ·Uou iQ re peot to th ortaiMl atookad.e .U • In addition, " .,..... to reloee.w tlle oriatnal us.st&n well,

the atte or hi.,h torgot • The · :vati.Ors.a ..,.. tavored in that

the ob' .ti'VWS were Hallze<S ~ be,ond our ant1o1pat1ou.

So ooaplat,eq has Port Ro e been tena 1n PQSt )"BUU, it

to aeltot • ·~ polut. tO!" aaaw.t:1ou. The 0()M!'!Rl11Sant •s ~louSe auppoeedlJ'

ocoupte ita ~ location ba.t staDda 1D U.t~ ht._e to the ttaturea

Bastton, tbovah reo · truoted, aa don. so JA dB· The eut, ... t, aa4 outb

atoekade l1us had all been aub3eoW to subewtaoe cU•~J therefore, we

selected a1 a atartiq point the ~ all which w0\114 oormect the Chapel to

the D.01'1.b t Battl011. · -lie:r, • John c. c ende., curator, h$4 Mde a

l't.tbe 1ntentd.ve Ul"ft)' ot this l1r1e -.4 ftl18W the 'lft88110e ot tohe

oriaS,aal atoakad · • By tollo~ Uc~enst. •a DOtecl, but. b7 CU.Uba «•s- u4

coutruettoa. cleu1e, volik• hie pri!4eo ION , had both the va1.a1a1 &Dd

to . 1ght to rMOl'Cl bu l.Mft the · terial 1'411l&!DI i.a potlUoa. H.-1 tbia

aot bean do , !llUCh would haw been loat. With the~ •U eetabliahld,

1t waiiJ no• too 4Ut1eult to tao• out the r8lll&Jbir&8 .US eueh u they,.....

prea•l'T84.

answers to the prob wbi ~1se. ~ 'lith evt oe at 1

and 1aagiaat1e rort1.f.r th oo:aolus1ona m1 · tabli h ccmt1md.ty. It 1a

1•porttmt, howeTel', that 1'1lagbmt10tl raain w1thltl ttl• rea11t ot posa1\>111t,T.

The usakns oocuwtq Fort Roa wre excellent cntte..a 1D. ro . . wood'WOI'k

as atteeted by the rHOVertd rezaiu. the reooutnlct40118 preeeutad l,)y the

au~ do DOt go beyo . the kaown eoope ot Russian taatnu1 tr.

4

PreMDW bmt 1a a U..ripUen ot tht aotual 41albl Sa ·t.U .._ that.

the ....,.u_. -.. _... For GOOVeDiaoe, aaoh teet pit w tNDOh wa slwe the Dat •eou•u am4 1"\'rr~ deli~D&W 'b7 a let,t.er (••l• t S.o\toa A). aob

aeoUcm hu bMD plot.W to aoalA 011 the I.OOOIIPU71DI •P Etoale• l/)0• • 1• ) ..

Withill 11011\ aeot1.,. apeottlo atruotutal. ,. .. s.u ._.. NOOI'dtd u4 wlU ._

Nf~ecl to u fii\ID, J.ld, ASEIIIR• J.W, eto.

AJ.oaa w1tJ1 thU 4et&Ue4 l"!Wmirag aoo0\1Dt .uJ. be reauU nlatift to .ae·

problalll at bald. la • tol.lo1rJ.Dc IMUOD an atteapt 1J1ll be .-4e to taolate

ad 41aouae uohlt.eo\UrU aD4 at.1:'uetwal ......S.U .._. the7 perta1D 4U.U,

to a P"P"• of futuN NOO \1-Uotioa.

~ A - lort.h St.oobde t all. (pl. 1, tJ.a. &J ttg. ).

nUou ._. WUat.cl at the .,., tut..D eD4 ot the tow u~t

n4woo4 poata whlob. a-.t oa the 11M ._.._ the Jl01"'tllwet Baetloa aDd '\he·

OMU Obapel. It MD :be "taW at. the outset that., tbouih thue. t,_ poattl

ba4 eu-Uv be _ oouid....S u n ..... enu.a he~DU ot the OJ1.&laa1 atooka4•

:u.a., tb.ee u DO ~· to ·~ a\ieh a t'bnle. 'the7 ee ott the oriabal

atooka.de 11al aa ee'-bUIW b7 ..,._t1oo aDd th• *• of~ poeta •--''*' t.U ru ahor\ ot wd~a& asv oantaot w.ltb the or11J»l at:naotve. All jqed

by the avt_.,. &PJ*&I'uo• aDI1 the IIOJ'tiae boleti • poa'U 001114 Olia~ulq

!lave bMD. of lu ~· .& loea1 rea14.ut ofteN~! the lator.U• tba\

wi\~Wl. bia U.. \hey ooutt t.uW the ,..., ot a cblot.a coop. • • ... _. thq

are or111J1a1 poata bu\ a... bee. reaet by eoiao146110e. MU' ttle oria!aal

stookl.de u. ..

Seo·tioa , wll

Mr . clenate, :t 'beiDa' favored with aore belp, •• ere able to ext.ead our

oparatioD.S ovv a 1d4er ar and. thu ·~· several new featv .. , which

oolleotlveq prov14e a ntheP 4efh1te pe.tt4tra ot stoobde eo tl'vct1oa

(f'ic. 1).

fSto~ •• (pl. 1, t1a. b). This poet oo tau ot the r.uata or a Nl.-1

po t 10• x 11" t 1a a o:t.roular pit 1ihioh edecla 1Dto the 7$llow audetozle

bedrock ttnt &D 1lBkDowta dept.h. Ia c es . re wood r~ :ao at.t..pt wu

ll&de to aoertaln dep 1a older to awid 41aturb1Ds aDT ot the origir&al

tea :una oZ oouVuotJ.oll.

fbe circular pit 1.a 24" 1A ctta.w 'fith the poe" 'be!aa t1nl.J paokecl

7

into potaiUOD by a rock ad bi'1Gk tiU deposi W 1D rudoa ol'der blat •uu•tbaa o• attcpt at barxt-paclWaa. OD the south side of the redwood po1t aDd at a

point iD't.eneotifts Uout tbe .UCU.. ot the pit U. •7 'M aoted a weU d.n..l

trench &ftl'aCilaa about 1 " in w14tb &114 cut into the aon upper 'bed.rock.

For\Urate17 Seotloa A tn""ed • old• Ntuae ldddea ot IIMliaa oriaia,

ao whvever t•tuM& .,_.-.w the bedl"ook, th tUl oot181aW of dull: •uad

aoll, tbereb7 abarpq 4etia1Dg the Ol"iliul Ruaiarl ooutzouotloll. 'i'he trellob

juat uutioaed oe be waced 111 a oont.irNou8 11ae to the l'M1I' ot tbe Capel

(pl. 4, tip . e , t) . R-.aats ot red11001! were folJDd at~ al.alaa th1a

l1De aiviDB all the 1ad1aa:Uou that this .... oace the wooctea base or t.1:ut

atooklde into 1ib1Qb toh ~teA\ puacheou were t:tet. fti• l.1rJe ..... NOU'l":Nll\

tbrou;hout all the uoava'Uou ad the hor1JAODtalJ1' la1d redWoocl tiabar will

be nte:rred to u tbe liJj, (pl._. 1 , tl&. clJ pl.. 4 1 t1.p . b, d). 11m the i n

or1ciaW. -posraphy havJ.Da u eub~eote4 to oou1 ...,.bl.• alter&Uon jpoat-

:auael.an t1aea, i 11 4ttf1o.ult to de~ tbe uaot 4•pth troll the nrh.oe

ot tbe &1UJ bo'ft'ftr, t a pobt DNr the pna.nt road whee th• btldrock tew to ri.ae &Dd \M llJdiu aoUDd e relatively 1JD41aturbtfd the depth troa the

pouDJ. ftl"taoe to the botto. or the aUl IIM8\'Ih4 30* .

At a poiat 3 • a• eut ot the center ot ~oat 1 thre la a reiiDUlt ot ftd'4f00d

6• x 4• 1811 1•8" loJll. Or1.aiUll7 tbe d!Mutou nn probably p eater , but

the prea t col3dit1ou prtmt~~tecl aoounte aeaeUI'«<eelt. the rel&tiouhip ot

th1a boaJt4 to o _. t tur.e &lid 1 reourreDt ttern t various points ia

such that 1~ he.a n call . a •oleeper0 or (pl. l, fiB. d). It&

i"e paet tG the wall ita position uld bavo been on outs1Jl ot tb stockade

end about 18 · below th aurface ot the ~. Pr b:Qt 1 t as dOff · into

pub.Olleou at VllriO'UIJ interval • A 14 *' broek oocure and tZ:.s,a this trilaa.r

oontittUe~ tol" .mother S '10" \'lhe it intercects the hole tor Po t 2.

ln several plaoee aloDg this llae thflre are s all ectlc:ms ot 4~ x 411

redwood posta aet in upright pos1t10l1. Siue these polite r.at on top ot, u4

1D aa.. oaaee aut throU~b the etl'"i:nger, r tb r th r at behind 1 t • I pr uae

tber ue intrusive a1'ld cen beat be .related to a poet.. atan s~ture 1fh1oh

ft8 Jmown to bave oooupi.e4 this spot. 't'heee posts e r tened to 1ll

olt n11 •a r port e eatUl"e 6?.,

lM$1l£1 ' Tbls was das1pted as a teatu.re bee WJ:e of ita WJuaual nature.

It oonsbts o£ a ob'cul.ar bolo 24" 1n d1 ter a . atmk 36 into th _ bedrock.

Its center is located 8 •s• ut tr . the center or Post l atd 5' west fro• the

center ot Po t 2. It 13 1 sdiately adjacent to the . ill or stockade l1na but

would be on 1ns1d o:r outh ide ot the will. U'nuaual th te.ct, that

thie hole torurq serm the pm-pose or & prtvy, probabq duriag l:r

A ricoa ooeupa ion. It oontatned thin welled, whit o ber pot, an

l J*"i l q t, h nd blown en glass bottle, ~glass, 1 brlatu:h

eal pbal~ , and n · :roua !xed a&l"a.."!d.o and · tal ~ &nts.

A a01111ibat ooapanble situaUu, .tdaua the . .... coat.at., Mf be obtl.wcl

1Zl Mt\11' .. B 8D4 F here laqe poet. holM .an l.oh\14 &d.f Qt to, but

outl14a, tlte atoekah wall. It 1s :PI'••,_. that Feature . ooaettt.utee a

portioll of V. ortpaal atooWe ..a 'beoauae et 1\a OODQI'd.eat loeatioa to a

la\er •trucwn Ulldlll"Weat aecoada1'7 ••· tt wOlll6. .J:tOt .... lo ·teal to 411 a

prtv hole 1a aol14 ·beclrook *-the ana abouJidl, u ltaa resiStant apotlt.

bJt. 2c (pl. 1, ftc• Of pl. 4, f1a• flJ fq. 2b) • -n. oct.J- of 1hU post 1a

1J'3• tro. -ua. o ater of Put 1. file poateat. diaeutou of the .....S.Iltrll

rtdwood &1"8 13" x l5 tt •1\h one alck 'beiac.,........ Uke a q\lU"llel" rOUDd eecttoa

ot v... ot S.UW•" h8J'e 1a the. JftleDH et • aotoh aD!! a dowel hole. On

t.t... aorth..,.t •l'Ml" ot the poet abon 12" abcrfe tbe· bedroek avtaoe til-. ia

a oircular bole 4" in 41uaew wtdch e:xt..Dile clear \bl'oQCb the poat. The bole

ebow e'fid4tl'l.n ot ba'v1ac beea cut ra~l" thaD dr!l.led ad pJ'Obably a......a tile.

p1.1rp01• ot at•ohtoa the aa1o poet ·to tb4t ltoUMe uU or 111 so. ..._. ••

wed to at\aoh &D outelQ brace. fhia b.o~ 1a al.eo ou the aAM lne1 ae the

at.rbpr. BoHver • the PNOise relatiouhlp ot the awtapr u4 holt 1a DOt

clM.r ataoe t.be atrizalttr 1aten..U the 1114 pari of tbe po•t rather tb&a btU.,

tl.uh with the ou"-' 8UJ'faoe. Poaalbl7 eae eon ot wooc:tea br>aoe wu aotobed

U'OUDd the ou.t.r aaqiD or the post aDd 4ouble4 but uto t.be atriq•r oa

both aid• of \he poat; boweYV, nob apeoillat1oa f"lllU DO buia ill tut.

lulde or on the south aide ot tM po.t ..a a the ..... leftl ae the dowel bole

~ 1a ev1deDoe ot a ~"BUDt aotch o\1\ 011 a al1gh.t upward beftl. Ita poa1t1oa

•ua•ta u iabe:r brace ••t at right qlea to tbe wall an4 oa a 4cmatud tilt.

It ehould be DOted at thl1 point tbat the entll"8 llOnh 1flll where we exoaftted

bad '*- niaton41d both oa the 1Da14e aacl M with Nck t1U, tb• chulaU

VU'f1lta 1J:l ••laht upRl'd to a hlmd.red po'IUrls or •~"•· n. 'bulk ot the

10

reintoro ent _ e.p t the 1zmer wall.

At th top of rot poet wu toUI.1d a aquare troD spike 7• lo whioh

. q haw been .111 the, orit1D&laa•oolat1oa. It was aot ~ Sabe44e4 1a the

redwood.

The poet ho·le ts Wlu to that ducribed tor Po•t l, beizll JO• 1n dla•

tv but ha'fiDa a better 4et1Md brick till 8l"'1i'DCl the bue or the poat (pl. 1,

na. e). fbe eill l.S.M at th!l poiat 1a ell 4et1Ded, beiaa et.•Uar 1ll 1 ta

location that aoted tor Post 1.

At a point 4 1411 on U. aD4 east ot the centeJ' ot Post- 2 tb avmger

p1cka up eada and eoat1Jiuetl tor soae 4'8•. fhU . WOD4 plall1c ·~ to

haft be D about 4 • x 6°1 ho1reftr, the poor ocmli tloD prevented aoeurate

....... "·-·nt.a. Di.reoU7 beh1nd the atr1 e.r the trench 1a llhioh the aUl

1"elted 1a well detiued, ba:v:t.q been out into the ,..Uow be4rook uri subaequotq'

tilled with 4ar a14481'l aoU (pl. 1, rs.,. 4).

PoaS ls (pl. 1, fia . e). This poat 11 located 1216" ttoa the center of t 2

to the center of the pruat oDe. ill that hiii&1Md ot the 01"1a1ul woo4 were

a tew tr te 1D the bottoa of tb4a bole. The p1 t 1a IIOSU,. brick t:Ul.t alii

ol.eu'l7 ahowt two s1dea ot a reotaa;le Where tn. poat 0111s1D*ll7 atood. .15

J\daed b7 tbe eoapaot.as ot till , a eul1w. 1'014 11118\ bav. tz.avera..t thia

spot. The n1IOVal of btdrook at r1allt qlaa to the stockade wall alao

suueats the preaenee of an old I"'Oad 'bed. Fhotopaphe taka about 1900 ahow

an entranae a ewbat we~t or tb pr•ent roa4 , but, 1e -.., •vezat, •uch a

feature woulcl be ot poat-lluaaian oric1D.

Sectloa 1 erade 2.8 uat ot the eukr of Poat J where the pns•t l"Oid

ruDI tbroqh Fort Roaa. Section B 1a 1111Da8d1ate]T aero• the l'oad aat. r'UDII

toward 1:be Greek Obapel.

Post 1\£ Nothing r ins ot this poet or its hole, en

d troyed by the low 1ng or the pr ont road .. . .euur ~ nts b 'breen

Post 3 and Poet 5 ould 1nd1ca a post houl.4 have bean l.ooatec! b about

the m!ddl or the pr ent maea4u roa4.

su~&a lh (pl. 1, tig . t; p:J.. 4, rs.a. 'b; tis. 1).

fh1 aaatiOD troa the east a14e ot tbe IIOdem r-.4 to tbe l"ee:r' ot

u

tbe Chapel. fte pupoee hen wu to •aiablilb a oom.tmJat!oD or tn. atook.te

lJ.Jle to the ·rear C)· tbe Chapel. This beinl acoo.pliahe4, a \l"aUlt U. coul4

be allot \'laok to the peNAeat datu. Oil ton. uortlnfelt BuUOil .aDd. th~

eeti.W.S.ah t.he oria,_l poa1t1on of the Cbapel pricw to ita reooutnotioa.

Poat '' (pl. 2, tta. a ). rro. the center ot th1l poat to Post 3 u 2S '4" •

Bal'f'lDa thla diatanoe, oM U7 eoapu.te th11 post U a1t\11.W 1211" bola

Poet 4 (alrea4r HD.tloud u be1q ad.as.iraa 4ue to road coutruot1oaa). . The

poat. bole produo.ct only a rn wood screpe all!ll ..S.deaoed brick aDd root. till.

FroM the cent. ot the post bet. to the edp or the prd.at N84 ta 24".

bltun J}a (pl. 2, n.a. b). Located 1211' ••t ot Poet 6 u4 14'' l!M)rib of tbe

outside ot the sUl Urw.. the pre1ae tuacUoa ot tbitl feature oazmot be tulq

datend.Ded. It ooasiata ot a redwood pott approxt.telr 10• x u• set ill a

hole :n• 1n d1Mtete:r. n hole ia cut bto eol14 Wrook reJlhlentlaa OM ot

tbe beat uuplea of 'bedl'ook penetratloD. 1uU a..ptl\ aoul.d ~~&t be deteniDid

becawae of tM poet but 1 t IIWit haw a:.aeeded 24" . this post ocou.pUa a

position outs14• tbe tookade all but t:roa all appear&l'ltl• t 'be of ~1&D

ortain. .._..A, ae11UoDitd •arller, u 1m a al.a1la:t looatloa 1D i"e8PMt to

the . Ul liu but 11 . the wall. Poaa1bl7 t.hue large posts _.. plaoed

1a &1'1 1u14e-outalde pos1 tiOD at ftt"iou poiDts tor a4484 auppcd't aloaa tbe

stockade 111111 . e

patten, aa Ua 414 aot pm~it the tull. excaY&tioa ot th4a north wall. The

1tiona are such that th 7 could have · been t1 int.o the 1D stockade

tb1'oulh a oeriu ot lateral bracea.

Put A• (pl . 2, til• bJ pl • . 4, f'ig . d). lbcated 12'9" 1\toa the ~ ot

Post. 5 to tbe w ot the preaeat. po --· !h 1 tt_. oObllists ot a l"ed'I!!Qoct

poat 10 x 12,. • ~ m• 24tt aboft the surface ot the bedrock. Tbil·

hole )0• 1il diuet.r 1a well def"1a8cl u 1 t o iato the be4rook and oout.&1118

a oonaid.r&bl.e Wlt fi)r e\oae pacQ4 arourd the base ot 't.htt poet. t 'Ul1l

pqint the sill liDII r iDa the • ._ aa that deswibeci UJ'lier.

'fhe. • ot a heavy sr-a aJ.aa• bottle wu fotmd _. part. ot 'I:M· orJ.a1nal

till and 18 u to be ot Russian origin.

lta\urt QJ rue teatun is located 2'0t' south of the oeater ot the a1ll,

6•4• east ot Poet 6, al1d 6•7• west ot foat 7. It oouieta .of a pos.t bole a~t•

in <U.auter exteDdiJI& 24" below the surtaoe am 'bclrelf p&aetratel the bMt'ook.

Scraps of redw .poet,_.. still preaent.. 'l'be poe:l.Uoa ar.d uture of this

tea.ture u auoh t.bet 1 t could beat "- related to eo svuoture or post-

sian ocoupetion.

hotograpbs t.abD prior to a.n4 tollowifta the 1906 Ml'"tbquab show a.....,.al

au erat rail f'eDOu hMYT poate betw.-n the ChaPtl a.t¥1 Ule· l'04Iti. Pre ..

au.ahl7 these wen oo or nea» the atocbde l1De 4Q\ it is to be ex~ that

8 ma.--. ot tbue llOft Heent poets tb.oultl nmain. 1'be aa1u probla here

18 t.o cU.atiDggUb be'-tm the• al\d thf> or1.ciJlal Russian stockade t eatur .. .

fo•• 71 (pl. 2, tla. e). 'fhta poat ia locatecl 12'1~" troa center to cent• ot

Polt 6 •• ia eiailar to the otb.. poate a .. ot"lbed. l:e thll iutalloe .. lett

e ta earth t1U voUDd the poa:\ in . post tJ..on t.o a point where 1 t r1•• e• allow the bedrock am 1U U•. Tbia wu cloDe tor 1lluatht1ft parpcsea u

no . ally th1 teri w r .·· ·QVed to exa 1 the rock and brick co etion

near th post base. Only tr nte ot wood r aiDed, but the illprtnt ot a

13

8 x an po t could clearl.r be ae n. Dt tor ot the pit ooul.cl oot be deter•

.toed aiDCe to original n.u ue let'' in pcdition, though i t ould probe.bl7

coft!Oft to aesure enta takatt on other po to . A bent, equ.are naU 5" lo waa

to.und 111 clos ssoc1at.1on with tb1 post and is sind Jar to o e reoove.red by

• &nlie duri hi s xoav t1one.

bAture p: In structural respeoto this t ature, a. redwooo post appro:rl tely

an X 8" set 1n 24 t1 hole which psn tr ted th bedrock lStJ ' conto to t: •

n pos lraady d ... er1bad; 1 t cloo ·, ho -ever 1 di.tt r i n 1 ts mea::rure nts

to distance bet. the in posts . !b rill arotm.d the pos.t consi tod o

bsdroek rubble and brick fragments $d.milar to those noted

Fro the center ot this po t to the center of· Post 7 ie 4'6" and to the

center of Post a, 8 '6" . Ther is a tradition, not tully co.nf.'irmod b7 th

uthor, that on o · in occasions lt as orthodox custom to walk around the

Cha l as part or the s~illc service being held. As juigad hi' pr -1906

photo pbs and confir:'111 by the preaent emava.tl.ol'l;! 1 th origimll stooka .e

wall was t ahed diroctly to the Chapel &t the 110l'tb est eo:rner 111 th th

Chapel w U constituti a cont1nuatio o! tl'uf stoeb4e. Ther are no

or 1nd1cat1otlS that a Sally Port ever loa ~d. · ong this- north

· allJ the f\ll"e, 1£ this custom of circling the Chap 1 • s pr aticed .dllr1

Russi . occupatio , 01IW entrance through the etookwl all must have be. n

pr t.. The ma uro;aent or 4 •6tt :frmt Post 7 to reatw."' p. a ·Sts the proper.

~~1.oll$ tor a ate or doo · ¥• Dtruoe baek into th~ stock 4e could haw

l>Qen made through th st S lly Port . v · , F: ther Ivan 11 niuin.ov reporta

th tollo ing t Fort Ros in l S:36' On ngwJt 1 tt Aftel:' instructing and con-

ng t o adult Indians, :t eel 'br'i the holy ll urgy • • • After the

14

r 11 bless1fl& or whether b.$ l1tora.l.l7 went al"QUD!l th• &toaka4e

l s the to _ r , then no door soo. _ to • is not clear. It 1 t

e that r -cent Gr ek servie - b ld in

Chapol on ! te and l w Y ' a df.l.:y follow t practic of alking ~

ohureh

91t §: (pl. 2, rig. f) . This post (F . turn D) ia loea

of Post 7. It eo o s to other posts, though t.hG rook till arol.Uld the post.

(l2" d . ) . . ¥ Yer7 upper

portion of t

F ~ ; (pl. 2, r· •• , d; fig • .2&) . As earlier no , th1e eature la

1n f'!f'.teey r p ot to FeatUl."e D ard 1fJ likewise _ - f'ioult to place S.n

the e-neral plAn ot ori iflal stock a eons uotion. • lccatioa relatl e

th sill th ture o£ th f1 1 aro\Uld th t. w d al -oat preel

t thie f ture is. of post- sia origin. Offer • sugg ation is t e 1d a that einee thG sill could not h :r 'be a oontimicua

thor th jo1n1n si pJ.7 s butt ends, bieh ould be t 't.ructllr&U7 sk,

th nds :- _ :vo

pr nt Q ., D l!lDd -

aetually r pr sent upri ht punoh o whieh. would pa tbrouah the ill liM

her they ere pli

ould th other npri

rather tbao r at upon the upper swtao ot th• sill u

• 'fhi in DO ::1 would p 8

1 Ori iDal liTra 1 Joumal" to be found in the Alaska T rr1 tori~ U.'bl-az7 t JUDN.\a. Ci troa n- . aiaae iD Oalif'on.wu The R atan Colcmi 1

Calitornia, a «tiu Version." Calitorni H1etor1eal Quartorlyo Spec. b. 7, Vol. XII, o. 3; ootnote 441 P• 12. 1933.

the other pvaoheoDa (t1g. 2a).

!he looatlotl am tU.•u:t

aer'!Nd poact. ispr:f.at 1 (ftt X 8•, the hole 11 21• 1a 41-t.r, aad alt.u&W 7•

bOll Po t s aDd 6•s• troa Post 9.

hUm ra (pl. 2, tta. t ). thie C)oui•w ot a 1-t-c~ hole 1511 1D

eli ter a:Dd out. into aoua 'be4rook at a point 'lhu. the lue •tenal teftda

to awtaoe. It. prcm.ct .. an aoeUeDi exuple ot the Ruaai&Q abll1t7 to

peaevate 41tttoult aubeurhoe 4epoe1te. Tbe looatioa 11 Juet a t• laches

DOrth ot the 1Ull1De ad 4' weat ot -u. oenter oE Po1t 9·. 'the poa1t10D 1s

a1•1lar to PMturel A ud B al.rel.d7 dleouaaacl.

fget 9& .(pl. 3, tts . a} . !llia poet 11 loo&W lJ'S" b-oa tbe center ot Poet

8 mt l2' :J• n-o. the DOrthweet coftlW ot tbe oaa t p1elt auppol'tlflc the re­

coutnoted Ohape.l. The hole cU•u10D8 an d1tt1oult to detlrle u !up

rooks about 24" 1D d1 r ooouw the am l.1.M. Sou ot \be ftr7 l.azo-a• rocks appear to haft tallell1Dto till aaiD trenob, poaalbq 4w1Dg the 1906

eal"tbq\JUe which qa "fWT • ..,.. • . s.a th1a local area •

. The redwood poat Wbiob .J!'etll&iu ......_ 11*' X U• &M ahowa 4et1rd.te

evUuce or bei~& quarter l'O'ODl u it aplit tNa •J.ua• IAa. 1r1 o~ \

,_,.. Gt (pl. 3, til . a) . thia feature couiata ot a trapeDt ot 4" a 611

redwood post 9" loas located 2•4• eut aad 8" aoutb ot the oeuter of Poet 9.

The poa1t1on ot t.hla t'rapeJ:lt bei!ll dtreotq abon tlle aiU •ua•ta that it

_,. rep:r•ent the lowet pontoa ot o• ot tba ortgial puacbeou . It .aq l.Mt

rel&tec! to later etnotures, but a aild.lar oo~ _,. be noW 1n Seotiou

I aad Jt Where ortc1Dal pQD.Oheou ve alaolt ueured.

. ••!aD Cbaptla (pl. 4, tip. e, t ) . !h.e cater ot Poet 9 U... 12'.3" tro1a the

llOI"t!lw•t oorDN" ot 08Mtat pier nppor\iJII the Chapel. AppuoaU, 4ur1atc

reooutruotion when thie ooacre\e pier wu a~, the exoaT&tan rMOTed tb.a

o~ifiraal poe\, which, t.roa pre-1906 phot.op-•pbl, abow S.t to lM a portiOD ot

th Chapel. oorraer and 8 ter.1IWI ot th · atooHde prope:r. t . tlipt be

oallod Poat 10 · ao\ualq the DOrthw•t corDitl' ot the Ohapel. At t.hl• point

the olll.7 t&Daf.ble evidenoe hr!air:d.Da were twa w.ace-ahaped plecet of 4r1ft1JOOd,

wb.ioh, u jUd&.S bT their rela\iouhtp, Jl1ght ltave e.-vee! aa shba 1c the

orl.gia&l ooutruot1on or the Ch pel.

Fort1matal7 at th1a raol!'th11eat oorf.l81" \he. sill 11M S.a well daft..S p:ro­

vldiDg a clear eYldeo. or the depoee the Chapel 1a ott S.ta or1a1Dt.l.l.S.M.

!al . ·· , oa the ia of ..,17 photopapha, that. the J)OJ'th wall or tbe

Chapel u1 a cout.1Dta&t1on or the toctab wall, ara4 11ka the pamchttou,

tlub or DMrly tluah wUJa the outside or the e1ll 11u., thea tile Jli"U-'

DO.rthw•t wooden ooraer or the Chapel·~ it Netll on tbe coaonte pl..- 1e

16• south ot the outer e4aa of the Ol'iaiDal sill U. (pl. 41 ftc . •). 11

JlUt !Slda, .QI Chaptl U J&! Qd al. .U. AS iK PR11JaJMt _,.,. %a lldl&

;U H JBt IOU]d igyolu emdM .... CJ!aMl .li! .. sa ~. t the rear or tU Cbapel (nol"tlleast col"Dttl") the 1111 11M oovld be \J'aced

to a po:lllt wbee 1't ude an ancul&l'· \UJ:'Q to the 1olltb Whioh 1H»uld 'bttaill the

... t.ru •ide ot th• Chapel ud atookl4e .u. Hoe it wu DOW tl\at tb4t

aol'tb ... tr 11004a ool'Mr wu 811 ••t ot the outer edc• ot the aut e1U U.

ud 6• Hutb or the out.14• ot tU DOrth etll 11M. %1 B&.ll !1M Pbteal iltcl

lila ll Wal PI&At mm.14 $Jrm1D E!iU .l.i liiSik .2£ B at Jill 1211 .1! 1111 312

-.am11 e. !be Chapel 11 10 oollltnoW that 1 til back (i . e . , ... , eicte) la not par.U..l

to th reoot~atnct«t ... t stocked• •aU. rue te Ubllent.udabl.e. aiaoe ~·

•

17

atockad to

on a righ le r ecta.Dcle. It the. Chapel were ruet. as 11KU.cated, tt. would

tUuat it 1B a" e'hn a P' \er ucle. Our ev14del·, however, 1bcl1catts th&t

wh.-e tbe orieill&l Chapel . atoo4 about • ten d_.. clmatiorl can be u:peoted

where t ao out corner or the Oh l Joins wt tb t he eut atoc e wall.

'fb1s I J»Oifio point ot Juncture ould DOt detemined aiJ'ice the l'eQent

reeoDStructiOD of the east oekad '11 bas f:f'eoti vely · ved aJ.l. orisiDal

r etentl'lOe point s •

u»oa cc (pl. 3, ng. b) .

Th18 &eo'Uoll 1a 01'1 the aorth-south 11De Whieh Would OOJ:Mit1tut. the Ytat

stoobde 11ae. !be ana upoaed b7 ue 11 1ll a tnilOh S 1 wide, 30' loDe b7 3'

deep, with the llOr\h. eDd anea41q 12" 'UIIdc" tlut o ... nt to'UDdatloB aupportJ.Da

the reooattftMJte4 seYa-.14414 Butia. R......W b Wa \reach is the cl.Mr­

cut 1111 l.1ae o.t the oriaS.D&l atoobtle weuh. Aa &loJC tM nwth •all the

aS.ll was cut iato ,_now bedrook au4 U4 be.u outUMd with claft a144en aoU.

!he location of thJ.a 8111 With r•peot to the Button oorrJer (pl. ,, na. b )

ott., det1D1'- proof that the DOrthweat Buticm baa beu cOft'eQtq reltorM

arJd M7 cou\1 tute oae ot thll ..,.., r .. acourate 01'1a1Dal ctatua poiata to a

wall 1Uuatntea the ._ te&t\1N8 aa. were o'ba..- bJ· ua . !be correotlaeta

ou prolabll' be attri\NW to the taot that llr. Ooon wu. tortN~ighW taouch

to eapl.oy • tr.waed enas__. to plot the PNP8l' Jttnotural .~ aocva~

p1or to the r81l01'&1 ot the -~ l&Ot.:Ohed tiabera wb:loh e\1U .rked. the

po plu:l of th1• e....a-aidtld 8ut1cm. It S.a ptatlt;vbl to aot.. tbat

arobaeol017 oan ooaf'il'a as weU u cliaprcma po1ata in queat1on.

Ot ~ut were the Nulu or the orl~aal redwood poet aUll Ill ple.o•

t.mcler the BaatS.on corDer eJ.oDc 'li t.b \wo t1n.-tJal"4-.4, po!Qtecl oak dowel pbs

-

18

Ot thla w t wall 01\l.T the laat 15 • near thJ ·

baa 1" ioed 'DDdiatur suo• Rws 1u U.s. . • • Tark, tonaer ova.to.r,

bad bdepen4ezrtl7 \ild..nakea the Job or exoavatma the ... t wall tor parpoa"

ot Mun reooutruot1 • !houah bU aoU..tttea ._.. DOt oanie4 4tMP .aovab

to obUW.te coapltt~ allot the OJr1gl.JIO.l UllJ.De, tae lateralexteM1on

waa sutt:1o1 nt to · • obscur tbe desirecl data on poet ooDStl1Jct1oa. •

t0111¥l the ot but a s!tlele poet. loo W 10 •s• aoutb ot the corM~' ot

the Baotioo. Sae 1."'Ck t11l wu aoted uaa1de ~ wall ·nee· tbe Uon but

largely laokiDa u contrast.d to the entire, ~ sill line. Sioce t.M

bedrock is deeper h.ere, 1 t is possible t.batt alto t he aill lJJ:la could have baeD

set t ·. .ter depth &1:14 41d »ot req~e the added ~ook poet hole f'Ul. !be

rear ot the 'ba.tr ca, which lq a1cmg thU lJ.ne , aq have aervc ., an iml.-

• Altha nob ot taia ~1 \ allis loat to ua, it cu

proba~ be us.- that 1 ts ooutruct1on tol.l.c'm • rouchl1 the patt.m set 1n

the well pr• t eatwu ot the aortb tockaGe l1De.

StcSlJD Da

rue eotlon 1• 1oo&te4 158' south of the snen-111ded Bastion aai extellde

to 198' outh. Buafttiorat ware 11&4• ~ \he 11M ot , .. Turk ' s -.rl1• work

but o&n"iecl c1 p eDOQih to de\eot posalbl.a teatv DOt acotmten4 aJI4

diatUJ"bed by h1ll. The entin lugtb. ot W. 40 ' 'bench clea:rlJ expoeed the

ft't7 baa• ot . a1U l.1Dit . 4etinlte post ho,_e wen obaC"ftCl , their U.enoe

be M.ftioult to explabt. othet"11a• tbu. b7 uau.lrJI that the oripaal ~

bon to baw oocupled thle •• MT haft ~O.S u part ot tbe atookad•

ftll. A aildlar a1ta".oa bae ~been noW tor tba ~aid_, etA.

of tbt Chapel.

19

tf14th ot tha sill treaeb 1D this aMt1oSl 1a broeder \haD obeei"'QCl ••lleh • beirll her about 24". At oJW point a eros -seotioa !U4e tht-ouab the bedr~

shoo the depth ot s tU iato 'bedrock to be 12". The depth trc• the top ot Ule

bedrock to the pre1Sont aurtao• is 20• , though tt should be DGtetl tb.a" thl.a

par\iculu ar EJ' have bMn subJect to oo sid able poet•Rueiu .alttratiOll •

. Uch ot the present uoavation bad f'o~q sel"'Nd the~· of • J>etuse

d:wap and produced cultval debrie rana1 fro posaibl• ltussian d to w the

period wlwtn the Call Bot.l sed e Go. want •• boule as -.n aud.Uar,y btdl4·

1ng. !has U"titao~ .• alona. with others, were 4epos1W 1tb eur-.tor o&eo.de

tor • ak .. pbg and tuture ftlldy.

At this. point att.nUOI:l aq be t~ t.o.uod tbe q,ue11tion o£ tM Sal.l.T

Pori .or Se.l.l7 Ports, siace fl-ora the pre&J-t author's point ot view thare

realm the po=tsib!U t7 of ooui4tlf&ble enor ii:ODCel'.DJ.na aot onl7 the pre$eAt

eut ort, but the additdcmal 11kel.ihoo4 tbat two :re POt-ts wen iavolve4 1a

the Port at the t.i or Ruasio occupation. T!t ~ontention tbat an el'I'OJ'

e:xi&ta ta drawn fro• exam1ut1oa of ••17 photopo phi, wS.CS.l d.l"&1f11)11, UJd.

troa G1W own GCAvatiODa. Two problad ll'e JJ:wolv.dc the DUaber ot POJ'tl

pnean~ uri the ature or theis- ooaat.nc'UoD. In a VeF¥ detaiW and aooUN\e

oricJ.Ul.Clraw!Dg ude ill 1843, two I'Ml'l' after ~· Ruaiu w1tbd.rawal, b,y

o. • lf&Muna at .Sandela~ there is abowa 1a olnr 4eta11 the preaenoe of

tbno Porte. f he ueurta c!ftwt.Da auat have 'baeD •ad• fttoa. the top ot the

1'1111 41notl7 beld.ad the Call raneh house ucl 1'"4rtUD&teq provUee a thrM·

q'U&.!'ter ptar s-t1n of to. fort troc a aiel whleh ts r~eq Ulu\hted.

Suoh deWll u relaUOMh1p. and pr-oporUou ot the bull41bee, ~ wildu4U,

2 .J'roa the 1r1 the Colleotlon ot tbe Socte\7 ot Oalitorr.d.& Pl~. ~l.F ot 'the Oel1t011d.a Biatorioal Socle\7. Speo . Pub. 7, VOl. nx. lo. 3. 19,3) ..

puap, o ttle corral, burial gro\l:ad, etc., provid Ve"q evldeuce tbat tU U'tlat

ketcbed th Fort 11 and not fr ot onl,y d s ue\U"t show a

detiDite port 1n the aoutb aU Wld itt tb 'ftat ll, but he alao abo s a

det1111 to ro up to tb ports. thr porta Uluavated are

d ted by dual or otal& · p rt of their euper:tru~.

to tb detai or construction, 1t is tmd tandtJ:li that th• pt'eeellt

roo

than beJ.ns eel upon actual evidenc p.r ent at the :~J1te . lllO'I ~-

.stl"Ucted the st Sall7 on U vrqed o to ve c O'tltGr 4oor tluah with

t~ stocktA all, au 1: r stocka441.4 alley, with • SMODd door blzaged at tM

end of th all.y. I cc f'1!2d no videace to eupport the latter type ot eon•

atn10t1oa ev thouah 1 t might have been convatiOD&l in 0 orld forte ot

tbs tiae. Th . o.s urt~ dra 1 provides a view lookln; 4own into the coapoU'Id

and in 110 lnstance do a h 1n41c t the prosenc of ilmer alley alid ••ootd door. 'fh Dub u.t CUl7 dre; ill~ of l.S2S unfortUDatel7 i vie of the · t aD4

port. OW excavatioDS er so uecuted \b ha4 u imler atockade alle7

t~ at anal• t'J'oa U.· uiD wa:ll been pr•at, •• would have e.rtai..U,.

dete 1 uoh ev1deuoe • aotea. but adlli 17 ilOr.e ex-

tensive -.a!!lh &ation could ha.v ea ade had t ~tt.ed.. !he detail

t · ur ot th outel' Port door also otter . point in qu.st1tdl. T1lo pbotopapba

.. ,_, bJ • clenu provtde views iaSide and. outside the tern Sal.q

Port. Theae illustra\ a lo · p.1oket. arch .-teD41Da o r a ·pa.i:r ot atnalo cloonl.

a peaded oa bavy strap iron hiaiea . !ha Dubavt C1l.q drawua, ad• durU&

wa 1aJl oooup&ts.oa, lJ.kewUe ho the doora ~tba bator :reaohina 1M

top of ta. took.ad V&l1 bu\, on thtt other bud, th• aseurt1 s.k•toh .sug .. tl

t oora ·iDa tun he1aht. I oul4 illcllD to beli8ft that ~

~ d$ta1l hoe in the eXonate photognpbe repr _ eDte or1C1Jlal Bmelaa

ooraat.ruetloa. The history ot Cauoastan oecupat.ion ot tbEI Fort !D.Ueates no

attapt at elabGrat1on eepec!AU,. r lated to the llOD•tmlctional s~rueturea.

the patten t.ro Johara SUtter down to the l.ut pri'ftte ~ hu -.n oae ot

r ~al or Russl&ll teat.UHs nthe,. tb.n their preee.ne.tlon.

I woul4 eugpst that prior to rQOoastl"Uot1on th• entire queat:f.en ot the

8 111 Ports be e&'lt1ned wtth some care by Dr. Aubrey r.a.eha-, to pro~e the

value of a traitted histol'i&ts • s point ot vlew. !he author has stnapq pNtate4

hle taotual t!tdlap . It wotald aeea, howtmtl', qtd.te- plau1ble that with 10

lWl7 st~ locaW ouvtd th _ Port pl"'Plf", IIOl' - tllaD jwt a e~le. -ue••

weuld M usetul if uot, 1Dtlead, QSOeSI&ry. The •toey ot Fort Ro&e oreat.ea the

tMl.U(r it wu a tsprawl.b:t.g .-.t-prcteet.S agricmltUt'Al aDd lmfttiag oen\er n.tber

than bfa:t. a h vU7 tortttlsd '1111tiU7 outpost. No· E~laetlt or t01'0e ever

act\lllU7 faced 'the Russians 4ur!a; tbail" •tar on tb.e Calit~ cGUt.

§tqt19811

thia l8 lo•W .tro. 262 '7" to 266 •7• aouth ot the ••ven-elded Baatioa a\

a potat aear the eouthnet a...- ot the COIIIMadu.t •a houe. Here prft':lou

aoavatiOIIS !M4 4eltl'o7e4 the or~ atU .U~~e, aD4 a oaent pie~'~-- late

reoOQIV.OtS.oa wu aoW. fbia _pit-wu edetJt.t 1a • lawal dil'eotloa ·towc4

the present ••n t•noe Uae 1D or4• to 4e~ whe\!ler ~ o.U haw . .,._

so dti\"Ut&OD 111 tile OJ"!cioal 11M. ~ ot tJUa -.tvr• ... toUDtl. It a u thls v.-oll tht the hOOutrnlotlll s'\oobd• becilll to d1 'nl'l• b'Oil the·

ori&1Ml line u4 pt"e8UMbJ.7 that is whJ Hbu1lcU'DI balW at tbia poiat.

StdJ.A.lt

NothiQ~ ot atgnitioanoe •• noW here o-ther than rtt~U~Ults ot the t"e<Joa•

etraottd stocWe.

'

§MiliiO•

rue ect1oa 1s "L"~ u it aasl4Ni aro11D4 the aouthYMt cora. ot th4a

For\. Here a oritlulaote ea oo•truoticm Mil be.-. u the, or1&1W a:I.U

line tOftl a ~ iD r••' to the prea-.t r ....... v.w •toobd• l:JJMt

(tla. 28). tdlwtldH Ia"•» .SMI ill '"MD"• till·~~ &lat

oems IU3Jld lli MDI1 1.1!!.. sa lib DIS a £ SA .AI 1911A Ja odM' il Bill

lila ...,.., laaat .I.Jl ltliiiRD !Wl»> ldldMt 9IJ'IIE• &.. al'W&t1-.

_, bt aotecl tor the ot.be ..a et tt. 10\lth wall aa4 wUl be 41tount4 Uldtr

S.atiotll.

I•''M I• '!'h11 is looaW where the pr•eat ~ cuta tbl'oup the aouth ateab4e

wall. fhe outer eclae o.f the •1a1Ul aUl wu leoaW at a poiD\ 1•7• south

o~ the nooutnoW ..U. J.t \bia poiJ:rt;, thrM r-'wood p.laab ooatdrd.D&

aq,uare, 1180b:l• out -.u .. ._. to=d ~ the o14 em 4es-1t. 1U

p~ pr.:late t1)e .-.ooutnoted ...U u the7 ed4Dd \Ull81" it e.D4 putdate tile

R•alaa oou\'ruct1oa ·b)' vtnue ot the ttpe ot aa1la. Poealbl.T \be7 r•Pl"•-'

the ·ol4 aalooa atepe re~ to baft bee.a __. thia spot.

StaUga.la

Th1e aeotion 11 di:reo\JI' &0r088 tbe rM4 troll S.tiOD I. Here. \be: OJ'iglital

south am l.t.Dt 1a ..,_1 4en..cl aa 11 a r.-.a.t ot ·OM· of' ·~. P'CG'Obeou (pl. 4,

f11 · 0). The 41atuaoe tro. the ttooU4e ..u • O'ldaicle of am .... 24" .

§tt»• i• Uttle 11 ~ oU.F 't.htm the atuls elda of P'li'Oll_. ..,_a poorq

ct.t:IM4 alll U..

•

i ~ I ~ t i ~ I ! ~ ~ 1 [ I ~ i f l E ' ~ i I t1wi 1 J'}~t!li~J!rlt'I''"J~! i : I .f ~ I I !_· ~. ·., ~ fl t·· ~ ~ .. · : f ;_ ' ( ~. ~. i ~ I -i .. I 3 f!. 11 3 to: ., ~ I ~ I B I & e I' g ! . l :_ f .. 2 ';. . '- :t At • !T •_ ! i i i ! ~ ~t I

1 ! ~ . ;_ .. r ~ ~- 1 r f_· ~ 1_ f I = I_ ~ ' f •_. t·· ~ f_· ; f 4' a f • f • .. f " • i t: II f. ~ P 1 .: • 1

~-· · r: f _. 1· f_ • '" 1': r :._·. r_. · ·_ ~ -.. 0 es: ._ " .. _. -~-- ~ -s ! I : ~ ~ r· ~ I f a r I ' ~ I ~ e ! ! & i • .•. 1 ~ •. II i .. il i .. ! '.· ;. . f f4 l . ! i i .ft.·· ~ ~ ' E f ~ . ~ r I 1 0 I ~ f ~ r f J [ I f ~ i I r ~ ~ ~ I · f r ~ D ~ ·~ & ~ · r s • e ~ r ! • II J . . . . ~ .. •.. r f 11 i .·· ·· i ~ ~ li ~ • f ! f ~ i l_ ! I e ! I 1 ! ; 1 ;

1_. 1 [ l~ J... ! ~ 1·· 1 f B • k W I I = ! S ~ C ~ ~ ~ . • • ! · II I ~ _f. i II<.· •.· .·· ~ .. - ·1 l :.. . i I 1:: 8" f_ ~. i =. . ! .. a : II!; . ' ... e I. : ' t !!If • ~ ei I ·. f ;3 I· ~ '8 J i• i 1 ~·. !' •, i" 0

• t ~r .. ~ . : ~ i _! _ 1 ~ .. ;f. •. a f r i i .' _i _. ~,.-_. ! 1 __ · ~-_· . f r. ! e_· !_ . r ~ ' ~: r (i r li • e I i f ~ ~ .._ J f i f

1• i r 1 f I r ~ I ~ · ~ .. 1 1_. ! r f ; ,.

=; ~ ~- ~: f f r .. f ~:: ~ · ! t! f 1··· 1 l . • f J D I & i ~ ~

S.otioM L, M, ud lh

!bela ooulat ot 24" aUt tJtenohel out tro• the taoe ot the pr••t ......

atookad.e wall \owu4 the u18ttaa fMOe .in order to uke owtala 'that tbe

orlgiaal 11U U. 414 DOt pua b tba'\ -.ret.. Seotioa I wu out tbro\llh the

PI'• lt S.U, :Port, u4 11110e tbe ••eao• ot a a1U U. at thU poiat wul4

&lao 1Jit1oate a br.U 1a the 1111, it 1e ••UII4 tbat the ... t SaU, Port ta

in or Ma:tl7 in lta 01"~1 locatloD.

SeotiOM 0 1 P, Q, aal. I

rue a.U. ot aUt ~ was·, (tU't; trOll wide. the ron up to tM ..._

taoe ot tM eaat waU. Again •• to\'llll ao tn.o.• ot the o~taiMl. aUl ad ouro

arohaeolocloal ....S.d..,., or aeaatiw mdeooe 1rl t.hia oue, wO\Wt 1et4 to the

aaauaptioJI that the reoou\ruoW eaat atookade 1tuda oa 1t.a oric1ullooat1oD..

• • Turk oould noall that 4ur1Da reco•\I"'Qotioa MDT ot the ortalMl poet

atulNs ,.... pnaeat and nacmld aa WOZ'k pJ"'OI"eeae4. Be 414 BOt ~ or

haw reoone about &a1 ot the detdla ot the ~t holea or the cU.a~ 'be\11.­

tbe MiA pa~u.

SOfie allpt deriat1oD aq be u.peotecl \owud the BOrth ell4 ot th!a eaa\

wall whu'e the atoob4e !llee\8 the Chapel, provid!Qg the Chapel is brought t.Dto

liae with the sill u was •tabltehect tor the aorth wall.

ID Seotio P a larp poat 1211 x 14• loo&W 24" ••t ot ~ pneetlt ..WZ.

pipe uy eark one or the a1e poata ot a lara• bu1l boa to haw oooupled th11

area. Tiae cUd net pen1t t:raoibC out othe' poea1ble uaootatea. tMt\1ftl.

StotJ.MI•

Tb1a wu cut troa izia14• the Port up to the taoe ot tba ewth wall. It

proVided good profile of the recaoutl'uoted ...U ahow1ntt the r0\1ib ~..-el

till, the base ot the sill liDtt, and th4t degree or tendte cleett'u.otion. Ae

noted earlier, the orS.a1Ml aUl wu touad oppoalte the wall 1ft Seotioa 1.

Th18 1fU ude Uhly •• a poa1U check acaiDit ow arlJ.er ol».,..Uolia.

1\J!IIi•p tU• (pl. 3, til. o, a).

Ill"·. C. loa Call, t'cm.Mr' oWDD ot Port Rosa, wae laq~ rupoulbltt .tor

our I'QOoelll 111 f~uJl7 looatlal \be Sit. or the on.,.tal lua•tu: ..U. lJl

pr.ior 1Ul"8 • Call h.a olo1ed up the w.U, atd .in ~ 1ubleq.a\ U.. •urtue

e'bria pou• had obl1teat.e4 all tnoM ot ita. looaUoa.

:ntiou !Mioate tbe ..U hu ba4 at lMat wo lepuo&\e bUtorbe. At

Pl"•at. the ..U oontaiu u ilrDIIr GJ~1bbla8 40• ll. 40• OOiqJOae4 ot horlaootal

roup apUt re41f004 Aft'&D41..S. 1D ao Hp1ar ot'Clc but behg bel4 1m poe1Ucm b7

beiDa aaiW \o ftJU' QOI'MI" _,141Dca . !be bol"itontala U'e Oft tJltt Ofdel" o.t What.

•• oall "lhpe staba,n oal¥ beiDa 110ft irregular. The oomer _,14111p, tboup

••thend, en about 3• x 3tt red."Woocl and appear tc haYe beG. eut by a aut.

The oribbUI& .,. M:S.l.t hOlD the outaide into the uldillg, thus· 1D41oat1»a

1t wae we 1-. aeotloa. on tta. lllrtaoe ud l.ow..s h.to the abaft. The rW.la

.-.. taperecl aplar, •ohbe out aD!Ill ftet ot tbe halld·toraeci tn-, 1fh1oh would

ir.d1oate a po~~t-aw.aiu ort.c1D tor th1e aeoUe ot the well.

Not be1fta ~KtuiPJ*l to cU.J a ..U, opent1.- .... atoppe4 at U• u a

aatety preoautia. At u• wat • wu fl'"q t~ma ~• the onbld.oa, .a Without a pap WOB beoau d:lfflnlt. 1th a oDe•iDoh at~~er we pr'Obed to a

total depth of 18'7" withott\ zoeachtDs botW.. fir . Gall • .-w a depth ot

.as or 30 fMt. tor the ...U bole.

lhat 11 Pf'O\'NL'blJ' t.M oria1Dal bnian well ~· the: ·oval 4Uk e.nh t1lle4

1apr:o don ot a pit 'dlob Gurro'*'-• taa. wpoden orlbb1DI (pl. J~ fiaJ . 4). !l\11

oriaiMl pit. bM u •""I• d~ ot 6•6• . Whether th1l OJ"1aiD&l well bad

a c iJ2a or cribb!Dg could 110t he detertd.ud tor ~- ot dlaturbiDC tb• uu.z. :t\racture.

#peoul tion been veatwed .s to the ICN'l'Oe of water a~ppq ws.a by the Rua 1 . ev. ted ~ good water r broaches a v

!lou~ he bHra ed that wt~ift the For\ th.n wu 8.D7 t, waw

\lPPl1 . that tha well t\mot1o..,. rel7 u a cistern to be 4rawn u la

e ot a . 1• • Our pr m xeavatto¥, 1D part, olu1.f7 thb o\Jlell. . \

onl.T i th8re water 111 the RulaS.au weU, but ill .&upst, o ot the c1r1.- aontba ,

thm. 1 an · ple tlow at a depth of oal¥ U '. TU tut that \be well W be•

oribbed iD po~Jt-ituastaa tU. la 1D.Ua&Uft ot ita penl~ ~uotlri.tJ.

ibether or uot 1a luaa1 U.• th well prc;rdded enoup • \er to supp tlle

euUre Fort persoMJel cannot be ana'Ql"e4 . The 1c!M doa not have to be emla4e4

tb&t the up r n iOiJa ot the 143&eent onek w-. divet'tod 1Jato a ·occ1 fiUM

to provide a at• . y n.o. Dot onlfiato the Fort but also tor putee t..maat1oa

nd stock water.

ella are •torioua 1n their abillty to co.U.ot ~ atori• • to·

the1r ootrt.-. J'ort. Ross· 4oe• uot proftde azv exoepttoa. ltow...-.r, h.-. ~

ed.atl eoae but of tr\ttb. At aa .-lr4a\e 1t. 11 repol'ted o ot the Call

.cd.eten 4ep0.1tea a m.'ber ot objects 1ft the w.U whtoh she. CODI14C'ell buardo•

u cb114ren'e playthl • Ae to eaotl-7 what these obJHta .._..thee re..U.

no reooJ!4 . Alao, aDO er ·..n existed ntJU' tbe old Call Hotel ad a thUd U7

be obeened in tbe 18.43 drawiJJa b7 Waseuna. UP. carlo• Call hi4 'Wt a taUt

r Uaotlon ot h1a aut. •a . Uvttt• but pres the7 Smol ftd ttl• pn~en\

w.U. Ill .GD7 ... t. a ..U of thl• depth aDCi ill auah a locat1oa would be wrtb

excavatioJl to botta ill t.u cowae ot Uae 1\ could haft collected a ..nn,-

ot cultural. 1 • the t:Ul1med b7 Mr. Call wu drawn f':roa earth Witl:dal the

Port &ad t'J'oa thea l:Qdiu id.ddeD. The artifacts zo· o~ bf· u ere of both

Iudian and Cauo&$1an origiu . aa of which ar of 8.127 particular s1gn1t1ouoe.

DUI'illg exc.av tiows, espec1all.7 alon; the tlt#th •411, mua&l"''US tr allY

ot tired red bricb wee rc oo-rered. That thes• tcb ••• OJ:If.Mpor&DMW

it.h the lm1ld1Q& or th& on S.s otwiova a.a til &WZ"e ..arlT pertMt b:-1oU

were ued as rubble around the bf.so ot the oriJ1Dal. poata . ft& -.ao\

27

or111n of th e briokll t oa. S •UHeet tbe7 arrived boat bellae\,

that tbq sent down t:? . Rus3tao bol41Das 1a Aluka, or that the7 ·•

.eel e4 trom an eat"liel' Sp&tdsh ror.ttioatid supposaclq lo ted at Bodep

H • Fired t.Ue aD! 1ok w.-e present. at SoDG:Ja isa1cm, but it is dolibt.tul

they would be transport to Fort Ross to be used oaly aa rubble tUJ. re

stone would h :t~ s:ened tbe aase pqrpo e. 'l'he old k11u at Olea are 1a

no w relat.d to p$.l't ot ort Roa• as thelle Jd.l.Ds wee 220t coMtruoW

tm\11 JMO, an(! Uh4 tor the produot10D or u... 3

The styl of mt"th DSaian arohiteeture is eo~ al.lloilt uolm1 q to

lntrloa: patttmll of QQd. notQb~ w1 th atone 6Dd bri.ok np:reseut1Dg OQD!~

to 1p lenl&zrt.a. 'Bo11eft~, DO 4&\6 ft~ ·CO!l() rtdDg :t:lnpl.Mel, :ooc;k -~~

or the blaobmlth shop. 'rhe le.at two do not ~.-u, require bnok· or •~•

aa:rth oontl1ae4 1n • 110aden. t'r ~Y • .,..,. the ,..... porpc:;Q.

lpY.y Ogsuptt••

Jap!e ..S.dtJIOe te pru~ 1adioat1q Calltonk ladiau were l1'dfta u the

1-.41&\e ar. ot fort oea bef'or., 4l11iJta, aDd after RwlllieD oooupatton. !here

an 1110 t.e• ·thea ttw •1••bt. nUaa• s1tee all w!.thizl a halt Idle ot the

For\.

J.Jrr GJDe or •tftNl ot the•• Til.l.&c• oould baw boueecl ID41Ma wb.Ua the

e1araa ..-. ,..._., Uld •zoa•Uoa of th•• ait.ee ·ooul.d produea 'f'aluabla

illtorat.loll.

' ' 1951.

Port,

extending back ot th · C pel IU'ld inoludibg th · two hi te cottages o'l'lll1J4 b7

Mr. Call.

ot the wet

28

stockade line a.n.d nolf auppc»:'ta a ~white be.ra on tho~\ 14•

ot the Call ~11 houa •

IMtep §1k lit• ,lt fbia 1a apJ170x1M\elf oae-balt 111~ DO~t of W. lOZ"t

DMr ~. tita~ IUI'IiD u4 to the right. ot tM Cutella 1'0&4. Heft ·11&7 be

aoted bo • pita c4 bUtorio artitaota.

IaUIG §ik Ia. 42 'lb1a ·OVd'l.ooP the IM boll a h1ah bl,.rt dU.Ot:b" aboVe

the cove which to~q COilta1Ded e.ludiac pier au~ em lua• boul.dwa.

IA§'M S$te· tJg, Sa !his ia looaW 1D the rear or the cove di.not.l7 btlow

tbAt outheu't Bastioa. Ea-17 1llUIW.t.iODB 8\lG .. t tbat the Ruaiall boat

houa• tuzaery auat have lleen built ove the surf,... of tbia ai \41.

Site l wae telted ~a 5 1 x 10' pit .ad ebow4 but 181 of la41an depoalt

and ..U U'Utaot J'ieli. the 4eepd" anu ot thla eite woul4 pr.ob&bl.l'

prow to ba ot aon 1nttnat. Po4at'rt.S aa4e troll fl'~ t)f ~

poroelaln aug •t tb1 a1te na ua.a bl poat-Rus•laft tiMa u " _U aet 'bet.Di

oooupild. W .n the luhi&M &ft"i._t, l'b 11 doulMui.tt the ID.i.!IDI U....cl btft

when tbe Fol't wu oooup1e4, tot' the aonh etooka4e ·wall outs dlreotl1 ~. h

the v111ea•· atte:!lpt wu . • to locate the ·area Whtob hould the Aleut. otter

h~ aDd their tuiU... . !hia wUl at• a s.e-..ttaa •'ud;r tor the

ruwr ••

s

this 8-.aJT MJIN8ei1U the hat:~ 4at.a 4erlvecl trOll viaual oba...,..tlou.

Interpretati .l open tQ altema'U •ltPl'••ioraa. The &lJUeatiou are -u. .1DollDat.1 . ot the autbor as a tlrat.-baal oblernt; tba7 c1o DOt. uoeaaarilt

••....- nt I'M a4e.Uou.

It iiO po111t 1D the &Ba¥'8tionll were e:tq &pp&"Wiable C"1''tt deteotad iD

tbe ori&iW poUDd plaD aa oppoetd to exl$~ a\r\lotUNI , am tn lfDit ou11

• . te ~ do ooOUl", they wU1 be aelt101'1"t10t1Da ~ nooDBWuot.ion.

The Chapel th 80\ltbeut tic otter th• two poi.llt.a or MiD ~

1110e ez:teMlve C t. fOUJlld&tiOU fH 1m'olve4. !1\e f ... l bUl\7 of..,. ehQa•

will have to r t with t.boae involved ill the propca or r ebuildtDf.

Of h1atortoal 't'&l.wa bas been the di.HOVU7 ot wialDal atnct\lhl teatv.r•

he W WlknoWD, wb1oh, if utilized, w1ll do nch to Oft&'M an &1r ot autbeD•

tiott,- oft n=-~ ort.. Dur1DQ U. .., ... u.., pubUo ia~••

than the o\Wioua r-., 1a:Ues. I» the cues whwe h1dclea teatur •• invol'VIJCl

u ao~ c4 eubaurtaoe ooutruotioa1, pall aow aod•la Jd.abt.

pr-oride an lDt t.i tuaotio.n. u GD!lpla , a tu1l aoale , $apan.\ed.

\IOilel ot the llle7 ao..za 4eacrlptloD ot the stoobde wall (ria. 3) could be

ted a\ int elon; th · present reeoutruc wall, as 1r1 tbll cas ot

the l tt&r o1'W n.ttr . ent of nusoitm :Lrlienultl' u loat t'.roll1 v!e ill the

. eabl1'. s s m\lSe\111 t'.M)dels f'&.U to cn" te the a err ot.

~!Sl.Uiii..JtA!W.I ' r. i t:10tel o :eri · tl"oa the. nort.b lbae

which tha Derth t tion ana. the Chapel (.as. l) . The JW

which 4etect on all four side· o tb ll'ort · . 1.a Dltb btttweera 18

azd 20 la

Atteapts by

aloDg the north

:vlB'I~l,g 30 1nob below th arouD! lvftoe (pl. 1, tis· d).

1nta1n lewl sUl bas• _,. be r.W

ere bedro te=ie to swtace u4 • t.reaoh ha4 to be

cut. lato th resist t. yillow s ndltone. OtU,y RJ'Oly ftl'e .fl"apea\1 ot the

wood eill Ull pr ent. Ito boriaontal ltion arid tnquut 1101'\lee bo~

beona ba not be n oonduoi

u r-suucture the sh or t.be 111 t !1 :Ye been at l ... t 8 xl6 ·snohea.

There e:re no po 1 ti data ·OD this point. Bowen retere OJal.7 to a "etl'o

girder . "

Th preei a7 1n which the sUl. coatacted the Jl&1a polfta u aot clear.

'l'h Bowen aoooun'\ (ti,g. ,3&} states that the 1111 wu aonu.a 1ato ~ poet

and pe ot tbe posts. u be!Dg oD3.16 x lO !ft.._. OUr data., der1ft4 ttc.

eight posts

posts contaet wUh thet sill at about 1te aldpolta\ aDd the otttaide ot

th posts protrud fOnd th outer edJ or the •1U. ., noh aa 8 ~.

e 2o 41agr t1oally illustrates tb1« point e.DC1 plate 2, ~· e, abo•

1 t in r ty. lr.a o: case (pl. 1, n.g. e) the entire po&tt Uea t..J'OIIId the

outer of . Ul. !ho$e who obsened the relatiOD8b1p ill au ooaoluded

ai'II!IU!III'l the post boU« bel4 ttN w1 t.b a d•el (ts.c. 2o).

S oul.at.ion y ventur.t u to how 1Dd1'd4ual eeotiou o~ the aUl

... jo.toad to obtain aax!ra'UIQ ·~· oaturee n u4 I aeo ... itaW aoae

expl&M.tioa d 1t was euaae ted th•Y repNSenW poiDta where ·the aill wu

pUc (tJ.a. 2a) arO\Uld el.eoted S x 8 1Doh ptJDOboou 1fbioh, 1M'-l ot

netuc oa top tb am, •xtemed clear Uroup it tato a pit at the po1Dt.

wb.er the eplJ.ce w ade.

31

n. 'fL'? in lae, tho otteh .. · t. .... ents ot

.I=" ~ an not JIO'Slbl.e. fhe po t hole ~stems u-oUD'l w!d.cb th

· :pe4 eutb had been P'ook c• the ~t t~. !he· ala poe . vuie!1 to

81 fro 10 X ll 1Jl0h& to 13 X lS iachu. ftolllg)'l 1pll\ tf.abera e USed

1.n two cu th• c~ out. port1oa ot the v• ooutltuted ~ 14• ot t'.U

post. Th 41.st.aiJ.ce b&t-.n the 11 poate vuted fro 12 t•t 3 laoh., to

lJ r .. t 5 tache wi · aver a d.Utuae of 12 .t•t 7 locbea.

!be &l 1»1M r..,.S troa as to 30 S.acb.aa u 41asatu-. In ... ou• 2.4

holes wee aut u 4•p as 2 r i& .1achea lato bedrock. !he. &ftNie depth troa

tvfa48 to the bottom. ot the poat waa about 36 .ilachd. fbla cotal4 r:aot 'Qe

cheeked in e'Y817 lutance beoaul• ot the woo4ea poe\ &b4 t;U!dulatirJa lQl

urtace. !he •thod ot cutt1 these ho~a iato beclrook, at leut ill: put, was

with the atd of a oh1ael or bu with a tl'lra$ iaeh tlat blad.e, u 1ft J11n7 placea

ib.e aaia wen ettU ol crl7 detlDJd on the s14Palls.

OD.oe the post wae set, roelta and tricks w-. placecl erour.d \he 1-.r

urgina of tbtt bolct at\1! qaiMt, the ~. larth was thea t&~Qed. til uotmd the

l"Ubble o that the entin 0011p&ot1on ~eel «bcmt the bue of the post about

2' inch• (pl. 1, naa. b, o, all!! •J pl. 2, n.c. e) .

At ~1• point 1a •\ookaa• eto_ ~ion, a also zaoted 111 the Bowe

aocow.at, • ooU1481'able unt, ot rook till wu placed agatut the •aU t:rO!I

tbe a1U Urte a.lJ.toat to the aurtaoe with the J.uant s'tAMI oo~llla oa tba

lutde (pl. 1, fie . r) . A till ot this t,pe wu oot eo obrlo~ alo the .at,

... t, and eou.th 11M 'Where the beclhek tellU to bt auch deeper.

!be ou\e1de ew~ (pl. 1, tis• d:) u observe4 in~ exoafttioat f1ll1l

board was ao oo•ietent it awat bave t•tvecl u pan of the oriat.l oon.­

tructioa. The beet PNI....a aeet10DS uaauna 4 x 6 iDohH aDd looated 18

32

1"M0'9Ved 1n the exoa;ratlou Ultl. DCme lG a poetUon which would •ua•t \b.U

•• ia ooDMOticm 11tth the evtDger. Ill '\he ~ of the two poata which

were atill b1gb. no to haw ooutaoted the awtecer (pl. 1, tla· OJ pl.. 4,

tia. 4) then J?IMitaed • e'dd-.oe or • •nJ.a• hole, ao it 1e u•..a th1l

bo •erel.T but.W qai.Qat the J*S ao tbat u .• outer ••taoe 'tU about

tlueh w1 th the oute• eclp ot the poe\ .

A&,lian Ji!OIM la&bl7 •• aa aMed f'or\1f1 t1oua ••• w aloJ:tC

the aorth all in eatur A, , u4 F (pl. 2, tip. b, o, uwi 4) . !heu looatiozw do not &ppeu" to co&'U'o to any de.tiatte atruotural pat~ other

than tbat the7 .. .,.. plac both iadde and. out&l1d• the atooka4e wall. fhe7

cU.:tter tro-::. the w posts oral.7 in thAt theU' bel• are be,ond. the outer

litdt of the eUl eo that tiM poat would tac the stockade rather tb.a be

an intearaJ. pal't ot ·tl'le t--s>eti tl.ous coutnlet1o:r:..

!'bat portion ot the oria1Dal dockad· llDe 1111 tuaW above the t\D"t aoe ot

th P'CU!ld is ecsplat.J.r laokf.aa. .Earl¥ 1lluuat1om prodde 1ru:t poosa

r tures ln eo peri.8otJ to otb.- etruotwal raaS aa. !h w..,. BO'Ie e.caount

or 1880 ppe to be the otsl:r d· ~ ta.i.l.ed ~.feretlC$ to tb1 pol'tion ot tM Port.

In U. inataaoee where the t:i\tr.tb lid# or pUncbeoDS till reuhad (pl. 4,

tt • c ) they DOt to 'f/'&r7 1n size erose the!r hoe but. were cot~at1steat

111 depth (ca. 8 in a). The Bowen . coUilt ootlf't:rm this latter point . I t

can be aea . , then, tbat th~ puncbeou 1te1'e rough .pl1t redwood o-t var1••

widths but coce1•ten\ h depth in order to ~c. tairq ewn atocbd• ta•

and to ,.r attaohl'll8&\t to th upper &114 lower 1111. This beiq \be

ease, reoonstru.otton &lo the linea or nup apllt poets &M pt&1ICbeoDs

ould present a aor ruUo aDd tar lfMta toraal ·~

\oob4e walla. Pr a fttl7 there exiata a at1ttaeea DOt

w1 th the teat'Qftll ot aorth luropean 11004 arob.1teoture.

tha!l t.htt .taU..

Uy 1n kNPiJoc

Ia co . 14erillg the N001Uftrvot.1oa ot the toctade U., • R. Cooa aad

Dr. • baa •• 1acl1-' t.o bel1eYe that a portloa ot S•t1n 8 (tit. 1)

DMl" the roa4 aigbt be lett open to 1Uut.rat. aoee or u.. r1g1Ml. Ruaian

construct-ion. Duri the · riod ot exoavati011 the aeneltal public ~ atd

aons14el' bl ill1eftat 1D Q,Yth1ftl that. dfHIC!)ted ox-lgSal fRtuHIJ. This

pe.rticular ac.otiOil coul4 ..aily be adapted tor an outs14e d1JI.pl.a7 as both

the ill 11rw and th& po hales are out iato t.ha 70llow IS&ntbtto · • !he

dirt walla of the exe ntloa. oculd be capped and taced with ~tem•nt, low

pro~tiv. f'e e e!"i in ~ , and a shod rooo-t placed over th• top to

pJ~otect e.¢111tt the element.. The wood posts now pr sent w1U rentaih bat tor

abQl!i\ tt , but stained c .8lit tacsimilee could replace th wl\hoTJ:t the

teell that origiMli t7 h d been lc~t.

As the reeoutruut1ou or tw; oOllpJ..t$ atookd• 1tiU ilrrolve lJOile t1lle

fl otor, it is auge ted th noPth wall reuin uatil lut. It would be .. ,

d irabu it SOM eoa tent peraan could ..-tend our preeerxt exoantions iet

S ctioza A o t t it ould Joln th• Mrthwest B atton. rue aectioJl hol4. the

lut b1 t ot nidezaoe or original au.1an eoraatruotion 4bl, as j\W! $4 trOll

eleta1e •e lWIW'y but detailed repoll'\, 1t attll ctontUna a quat:Jt1tr ot

r~le 1Bf'ol'!l4t1on. TM loss ot $UCh data can be avoided e1z.oe we ~

it 1s p1" ent.

The three reutrd.cg wlls cu 'be traced onl.1 1a ve1Jt1.g!.al ton pl"'Yidiltl

but te;y to tb1r- origiDal 1ooat1cma. It a011e can is taken duriftg ...,._

tion tor the reooMtt"'UCt1on, it ia posatble the west wall aay atUl pi'Oduoe

poet holes aD4 c~ e-. \tempt •houJA. t. .-de to detect ._, •114eu• ot

a kll3 Po:rt.

The aocoapany.t.-s up, c011pl.l.S b7 Raupp in 1948, ••pl.oJ'II true aortb tor

4ihot.iou.l ~~•. OUr t;\ll"ft7 ou tld.t aame bue •P •• ...-ue aol"th

with a d~tion o£ lJ 1/2 4-s;nu. ·'- tued oa th• ~ ttook&de Uao

u wve ucavatltl b)' ut, ~ tollowiD& o\Jsel'fttions . .._.. ..S..1 ·Tt~e Fort 11

alMet a perfect paraUelopa. the co•pu• nadiD&s tor pa:rallel •14• 1n •

bd 1111 6 depMt ... , ot uorth - !IIi JUl 8 «.are- .ut of I'.II:W-th d

ialdii ~ 10 d._.- aou.th ot eaat. -~ ~ 1.0 d......- eouth ot ..,,.

The 6 4epM YU'iatln on the eut ..U lll87 be ttae naul.t et aakbg ooQt.aot

wlth the rtght ie .,... or ·the Chapel •

.u abou 1a ~ as, •• t, tine •ht.tta• can be ... &t tilt· \iat ot

~truet10D. 'lhe· aouth .u (.tq. at}, as DP eoa:w ....... w, it ·~ 26

1neil• to the south, would brims the taoe ot the w.U tl.wh .tth the ~

tda• ot the or!&i&tl •tocb4• l!M. the But1on would also haw ·tc> be lhltted

2' taola• 1D the au dl.Het1oD. F18\'N a., tt. •eat 011. ot tbe· 1oetll •all, ahO.ul4 be tldtted 8: :laobel to the. south ud e~.a ae e441Uoal 18 U.t.

to the ••'· ·CorreppordtDclf \ble extfulon •wld U.O rto'fe t.t. taee ot the

west wall the aue Uat:.P.oe .aD! dU'eotia. With the•• ••• -'•• the tace

ot ttl• 1fta·t wall at¥l tt. soutll '1&11 .. _.. tUy ••~ at tbe aO'IltAw•t OOJ"DM'

would be dlreotly oa l1.JJe with~ or1e1Dal eone.-. The ·QOl'Mr poat;e txt.S.

6• be70nd. the actual ft1l Uae.

The· east wall u li.O'II 001'18tncW la very oloae to be~ on \he onpcal

lih san ft#· a slJ.ab"t. enor wlt_.. it 3o1a tht Chapel. The ~t hattoa

ls OOft"eOt a tta locattcm altd the •rth awl ... t stooW. U.s, whu r.coa­

avu\ed, aho1i14 ooataot the ~ alt.-mate to th• door eateriD& U.

'' !aetion. Plate 2, figure b, abowa the rig1Dal aUl l1ne at the poibt bve

1 t eoataots southern corr.aer of tbe Bastion.

The CMW., lt restored to itt orialr.aal pmtitioa., •ID 1l!m.ll t follow•

Uta sl:d..ft. The aortb.w•t. wooden corllitJI (front) will han to

trachea to the ll!Onh, the aoutheaat woden ooner (b&ek) will 6 tnoh•

DOrtb, the ntin C ,pel wUl have to 1M .ved 8 1Dche at or t.ck b'Oil

ita present positlu (ti • at}.

The Jtil (pl. 3, tt; . o, 4), u MW, hu had two dtatiaot hlstor!

preaente4 u sian aDd poat-RuaeiaD. !be latter ls to be seen 1n Mt

inoer red'IIOC.d or1b:JJ.Da. the orlgtaal Ruasiu porttcm ls reprmsem.ed l>l" the

da aoU uea about. 6 ~ tin 41-ter whtoh eM1roles the oribbing. tth

i ~location the •U could provide a J.nterest1ng tourt t attract-ion.

It water is d•lnd tor the prH4Nlt OOOUl*lte ot Port lcds, I would suggest •

aeooDd ell be dr1l.W 1D the aeu noblS.try rather than disfigure this in­

ter•U.S teat11n. It a false botto. ,._.. plaoed lD tbe well and ptpea M-ougbt

1n below thte bottofl or •78· leve1, the pr-Ment w.U td.ght. atill sen th dual

tune'tioa ot 41 p1q u4 current water su.pply.

The uchaeolo leal reeowoee .. d!PeoW towar4 h1ttor1oal r tmtlatructioa

are tar tro• uhaba'W. at ort Bose . Coulctenble ou atUl be .tOM :within

the .F••nt tocU4e wall and. 1n \he ewnt th t State onerab1p i!t exteDde4,

the potentlal1U .. of turthar r•tiU"ch are 9P\l.7 iacl'e&~ed. The present paper

eDlllpUtl• the posa1b111Uee Wbt oh oe be reallaed through arcbaeologtciJ.

teohld.q\188.

en Account of Fort Ro s in 1880 l

Sa d ~ i the deacr1pti.o or the stocltad ,

\hat 1 t · · ants inel 1on and di ouas1on iA tho pre

"The stockade ·'QS eonat.ruc

deep, while very ten te t l.omg th botto of the tr~neh hole as d oM

toot d.eep~ In thea hole posts about su by ten inohe wer i.uer , ab4

bet.weera the potts and em the botto or th trenoh tb$1'•

(low sUl) fiNl.T W!Ol't1

pia (fig . 3&). .. labs (ytlncheons} of v 1"Yin6: 1dtho, but all 'beiq about six

inch thick th in an upright poai t.ion bet.lr en th fir t po ta

· on the gird r in the tr nen, being f'inlly ta.stewtd to thea (£1&.

3b). At a 41etanc up · he po:sts of twill · re.et from tbe lower gil er (low:er

sill) there ran another irdmo (upper sill) ttbioh as wo aortia 1Ato ta.

posts and made ta t with pine (fig. .3e). Tbe!e girders r · st on tb tops ot

re slotted at th top1

then h

a piece ot t~ber pa. sed into the .lot.\1 (fia • .34) ,

ssed down through the gird.-s (upPftr J.ll)

th pi 1n the slots e; well into th body or t.he slab f.l&. )e) . The MiD.

poata atended about tbne teet high r, aDd arer the top lighter girder

1 M1etory ot SoDO Cowt7, Iftolu4iJla 1 Geology, ountaiu,, Vall.e1a, aD4 S\r • a P.ranc1eoo, 1880, p. 717.

2 t.sure ref o Pare%lthu refer to

to the uthot" • a reoolllltftotloo shan s.n Fi _ 3. used 1n the pt'Uent papur.

(truss) • run aloQ£ (N.g . )t) a.M bet n the la t two usrt.loDed tb..-. ,.. •

row of lisht labs (picketl) 1 two iDabel. thick and tow !ncb. w14e, po:f.DW

t t.be top like p!ekets (t1g . ,;g). It 1 well be ~. tbat wbn the

tJ'enoh tilled up With taapad rook atd 41ft that tb1l tooJcacte ..

. st iDwlnettable with the tnaea or assault UkelT to W. brought

aga1 · t 1 t in tho d&19 ot ru4e weapo of wa:r. All ar01IIId tM 1tooa.cte

then nr . nbnsurt8 u1 t.able for the uae ot IIUiketa and oarrdadea, ·ot

which tb.e ht.ter, it is •aid• there weft ·everalla the tortrae.•

The r•.sou\r~tioa presented 1a Pipe 3 •Plo78 onq.-elat.i'N d1Maa1ozaa

as full da ar. laokiaa in the ftr'bal description. 11th but two alDor a441-

t1cma, the dra'Wiq 11 u oorreot a 1 the acoouat. f he author haS a44ecl a

back strip on the surface of th \lp,peJ" aill to provide a led.p to wb.ioh the

base ot the pickets c.cmld be taate~Jed aad added dowel bolee at the top alld

bot to. of piobte. ails ooul4 haw becm \laM to attacb. the pick ta just

well

auaber ot

p1ob •

dowels , but 11"01'1 11\lat baw been rather soarae, 8l1d • very ~·

would have been requil"ed 1 and 1 t &MU probable that ~

att.aohed w1 th wooden phs.

The 4esor1pt1on b1 Bowen 'both oont1.raa am. 41Uers w1 tb our prtaeat

tiedbp. There u. a.,_al tacton to couU:•· fllen is DO uauraDOe that

all tour stockade walla wen OODBtnoted ill a atldlar tuh1011. Our uta, reterring priuriq to the aorth wall, ur DOct •ouear117 correepoud to the

. • eotion given 1a the 4ettoript1on, or the cleeor1pt1oa U7 be oaapoe1te.

How uoh o~ the stockade was exained at t1ret hu4 07 Bente 1s •t cl.eu-.

Apparentl7 cou1denble 1Dto tion waa obtai~Mtcl troll JOl" EnMt RufUs, who,

w1 th il.Uaa hn1 ta, leue4 the propert;y trOll Sutter 1a 1845. It does DOt

... l1kel7 that a h1ator1&1l or tbat date would have excavated to a dept.h of

38

24 inches to examin the subsurtace eo trl1otion. I oul.d uau. such 1ator-

Rutus who ay ba bad cause to perfon alterat1cme on the

stookad.e. uch or the 8\'lVfaoe etructur wu still present ln 1880, aDS ! would

inollned to ace pt tbat portion of th . d cription u beiO& aoourat..

ntioD in the Bow acoouat of th sill, th ts, the slabs

(punc ) , the rou till · &1 t the atocka4e ar all 1D accordance

wi t.h ol.ll' observations J however, the 1• ot U.bera, th distance. bet•n

pos· , and the ture ot cont&ot betwM!l tm. postls aud sill et&.tJ4 ll'l aGile

dittorence. Throwabout, the ti: · rs obserred by \11 appear to be seveNl

1Dches gre ter 1n dlllensior.us. The o erved diat.moe 'betwe u1rl po w :vwaged about 12 •7•, a1Jd the poslt:lon or the ~1U S.n :r ct to tbe poste

susg . . _ ts that 1 t w not.obed arouni th• post rath• thaD in; joUed by

ortise teuon joints (f'ia. 2c). It 1s Mpbas1sed that C$1" dat.l dn.1Hl t.roa

oDe section ot alllgle wall wt.re bedrock lleU"S the eur!'aoe may theret.-e be

t:ypic . ot e over-all ooutruotion. On the waat w ll (S•otion 0) we did

ote a s\lall.er post s011e 10'5" f'l"oa the Butiot:l eom.et- aDd .ore oent.l"al.q

located in respect to the sill. 'l'bi:s 'Q14 oozatom IIOI"e cloaeq to the Iowen

d or1pt4.on. It is aost unfortunate that tbe 1"ellfliiWJi ....U.. had. _.uer

been subjec to orude e~tio •

BIBLI

The Rua 1 in Calltornia 1933. Calitomia Btatorioal Soo1•t7· Special Publ1oat1ou • 7 .

ol. nx, • :;. ·nixou, S .

1937. fh rtb uropean Teehaiq ot Comer fiaberi • olkliv, Vol. 1, o. 1, PP• 13-6o. Stocldlola.

fr , A. B. 1951. Geologic Guidebook ot tQ San auc1eoo Bay Counties.

ulletin 154. St•t• ot C&lltorni , DeparbaeDt ot atural R ouro , Divi ion ot inu.

39

fMtt 6 a· Section A looldrlg waet toward. mrtbweat Bastion.. Post 3 end sUl lJae

. , · eel at t'Oa4 cut.

b• Post 1 showing r · w ot original post, post hole, and. briok am rock n.u um1 paat.

c· Po t a shows~ ot dowel hole Oll left. side. Note well ttefaecl pc:mt hoh and awq · ent ot bricks at base of post.

d- P t ; ahowizlg ill llae 1.1:rt4nectill; post hole ith • ranaat at atrtnge aloq the ,e ot tb• aUl.

e- Detail of post 3 shoWlDg eUl Uae, poet iapruatoo, azd ~ till .

t- O..:ral 'do ot S.otioo B lookl111 down the e1ll 1Ue tto• the Chapel to the ~t Buttoa. lfote tq lara• rook n.u n the 1QMI' aide ot the am u.r...

Plltcl 6

- Po:tt '· b- Poet 6 u4 P•twe I ·out. ia1lo ,.now e~Ulilst.cma ~. o- l Mture I located 1ll a1d41e or aUl line. FMtve F t.o the riaht.

d- FeatUIJ'e r cut tate aoUd. bectftok. ot ooi&JI80Uoa of' wtatw t1ll. &l"OU84 rea tore E to the lett.

•- Post 7 •ith t.he Ol"iaS..l ea:nh till lett s.n pea1\1oa J.D. \be nv eaS the rock t1U exposed 111 tM twepoe\1114.

t- Posts wttk oae root till nUl len 1a pos1t1c.

Pif\tl

·- Post 9 atd , .. , •• Q.

b• Section 0 allow1bi or1p.al a111 Une edendl»g UD~• ool'lm' ot the nortmr•t Butloo. ·

o• Detail or the redwoe4 oribblrlg 1n the well.

40

d• View or well showiDI poet- :usian or1bb1ua and the derk area aroUDi! the o!"ibbi npr enting th original Russian well.

- General view or Fort Rosa shoW1Q& cove which coAta1atd boat 'buildi house and t nnert. IDdian site S located in ths rear ot cove.

t• Seoo cov at Fort Rest . Indian aite 4 on distant bluf"t.

Plate i

a• Po11t 2 showin dow l hole, notch, brick tUl arCJUDd poet , aDCl edae or sill liDe .

b• Gener · l vi ow of' S ctions A and B lookin t.rom th oorMr of the Chapel d1reotl.7 dow the sill UM.

a- Sectio I sho-wing original sill line and tr eut ot puDOheon in retereme to · e recoutnoted south wall.

d• rost 6 t ho1fiQg th relationahip betwe•n poet aDd 1111 l.ine .

e• Vi al the north w.U of the Chapel ahl>wing rror 1n rupeot to the outer t«ge ot the stockade.

t - View looking w .. t doDB north aide ot the ChaJ*l ahow1Dg or1gilial line to ri bt ad Dartbw•t Bastion u the dbtance.