19/10/2015 17:30 trends in optical fiber...
TRANSCRIPT
19/10/2015 17:30Trends in Optical Fiber SensorsTrends in Optical Fiber Sensors
Eagle Photonics Solutions
Philip B. Kassey Philip B. Kassey
Head, R&D
Brief HistoryBrief HistoryThe first attempts at guiding light on the basis of total internal reflection in
a medium dates to1841 by Daniel Colladon. He attempted to couple light from an arc lamp
into a stream of water
The well-known scientists A.C.S. van Heel, Kapany and
H.H.Hopkins produced the first fiber optic endoscope on the basis of fiber
cladding in 1954.
In 1930 the medical studentHeinrich Lamm of Munich produced
the first image transmitting fiberbundle.
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Major Applications Of Fiber OpticsMajor Applications Of Fiber Optics
Fiber Optics in Medical- Endoscopy
Fiber Optics in Communication
Fiber Optics in Sensors
Typical Optical Fiber Measurement Typical Optical Fiber Measurement SystemSystem
Light source Focus lens
Sensing element
Photo-detector
How they workHow they work
Fiber optic sensors measure properties of their environment.
They can measure anything which changes the way light travels through the fiber, or alters the light’s properties.
What can they measure?What can they measure?
Temperature Pressure Strain Displacement Acceleration Flow rate Vibration Chemical concentrations Electrical and Magnetic Fields Rotation rate
Sensor TypesSensor TypesChemical Sensors Remote SpectroscopyTemperature Sensors Largest Commercially Available Sensors Range -40 Deg C To 1000 Deg CStrain Sensors Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) Technology Long Period Gratings (LPGs) Extrensic Fabry Perot Interferometric (EFPI)
Biomedical Sensors Spectroscopic Biomedical Sensors CO 2, O 2 and pH Can Be Measured Simultaneously
Electrical And Magnetic Sensors Appealing- Inherent Dielectric Nature Less Sensitive To Electromagnetic Interference
Rotation Sensor Based On The Sagnac Effect Two Types Ring Laser Gyroscope (Rlg) And Fiber
Optic Gyroscope (Fog)
Pressure Sensors Earlier Based On Piezoresistive Technique
Displacement And Position Sensors Simple Sensors Rely On The Change In
Retroreflectance Due To A Proximal Mirror Surface Also Referred As Liquid Level Sensors
Methods of MeasurementMethods of Measurement
Amplitude and Intensity-Based Sensors
Frequency and Wavelength-Varying Sensors
Polarization and Phase-Modulating Fiber-Optic
Sensing
IntensityIntensity--Based SensorsBased Sensors
Detect changes in light intensity, correlate change to change in pressure, or temperature, etc.
• These systems have a poor ability to screen noise, leading to lower precision, but are
simple and inexpensive systems.
FrequencyFrequency-- and Wavelengthand Wavelength--Varying Varying SensorsSensors
Light changes in frequency or wavelength to parameter of interest.
Low alteration of signal outside of sensing area. Wavelength measurement is very sensitive; not
strongly affected by light loss in connections, or source intensity fluctuations.
WavelengthWavelength--Varying SensorsVarying Sensors…… Fiber Bragg Grating: most common type. Characteristic reflected light wavelength
dependent on grating spacing. Stress applied to fiber changes spacing.
Polarization and PhasePolarization and Phase--Modulating FiberModulating Fiber--Optic SensingOptic Sensing
Polarization modulation sensors are the most complicated and delicate instruments.
Use Faraday Effect to measure magnetic fields, by measuring polarization rotation.
Polarization unintentionally altered by other processes: bending, stretching, and twisting causes problems.
Advantages of Fiber Sensors Advantages of Fiber Sensors Large Bandwidth
Efficient Transmission (Low Loss)
Immunity To EMI/ RFI
Security Of Information
Both Point And Distributed Sensing
Corrosive environments- silica fiber
Small Size And Lightweight
Flexibility
Resistant To Hostile Environments
Freedom From Cross-talks
No Sparking And Fire Hazards
Single Fiber Serves Both As Sensor And Data Comm..
Multiplexing & Spatially Distributed Sensing
High Performance16
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New Trend of Optical FibersNew Trend of Optical Fibersin Musical Instrumentsin Musical Instruments
19/10/201518
Optical Fiber GuitarOptical Fiber GuitarDeveloped at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal, Canada with the
supervision of Prof.Raman Kashyap
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Fencing FiberFencing Fiber--based Intrusion based Intrusion DetectionDetection
The FIDS System Provides:
Highly reliable and sensitive system Virtually 100% Detection Rate Negligible False Alarm rate Negligible Nuisance Alarms Highest Performance-to-Cost Ratio Alarm Activation only by Direct Assault Low sensitivity to climatic conditions Immunity from electrical interference Environmentally Esthetic Appearance Long-life Guarantee Uniform performance over long distances Completely safe Easy and fast to install
Buried Multi-mode Fiber
Laser CCD Camera
Speckle Image
Buried Fiber Optic Buried Fiber Optic Intrusion Detection SystemIntrusion Detection System
BELOW GROUND SENSOR CABLES CAN BE LAID INSTEAD PERIMETER FENCES IF DETECTION IS THE PRIME OBJECTIVE
Speckle pattern is formed due to interference of various modes of propagating light rays in multimode optical fiber cable which shifts if the cable is perturbed. This shift in speckle pattern is analysed to detect intrusion
PRINCIPLE
LANDSLIDE MONITORING USING FIBER OPTICS SENSORSLANDSLIDE MONITORING USING FIBER OPTICS SENSORS
Detection of Initiation & Early Warning Fiber Optic Microbend Sensors Hydrogel Fiber Optic Cable
Remote Real Time Monitoring early stages of Landslides Photonic Techniques
of OTDR based sensing
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Micro bend based Landslide Monitoring & Micro bend based Landslide Monitoring & Early Warning System Near Haridwar Mansa Early Warning System Near Haridwar Mansa
DeviDevi
DigitalDataLink
RemoteMonitoringand Control
Principle of OTDRPrinciple of OTDR
Distance z = tV / 2 t : two-way propagation delay time
V : velocity of light in the fiber
Transmitted light
Incident light (Pulse)
scattering lightBack scattering
light
Laser
DetectorFiber core
z
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Strain DistributionStrain Distribution
Deformation
SandGravel
-0.20
0.20.40.60.8
11.21.41.6
43m 42m 41m 40m 39m 38m 37m 36m 35m 34m
Distance from instrument (m)
Stra
in (%
)
20mm40mm60mm80mm100mm120mm140mm160mm180mm200mm
Deformation
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FBG Sensors In Smart Skin FBG Sensors In Smart Skin ApplicationsApplications
FBG SENSOR
EMBEDDED FBG SENSORS IN AIRCRAFT
Optical Fiber Sensor Systems based on Optical Fiber Sensor Systems based on Fiber Bragg Gratings :Fiber Bragg Gratings :
The SOFO displacement center shown here monitoring crack development in the 17th century Gandria Church in
Switzerland.28
EU project SMITS(Smart Monitoring in Train Systems):
High speed train on the French National Railway instrumented with fiber optic contact force measurement (Paris, Vendome).
Sensors require no electrical power and are immune to electrical
interference andintrinsically safe
Multiple measurands (Strain, Temperature,Pressure) on a single
fiber are possible.
Optical Fiber Sensors in Power Optical Fiber Sensors in Power Plants, Oil and Gas Pipe LinesPlants, Oil and Gas Pipe Lines
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EFPI SENSORS FOR HEALTH MONITORING OF PROPELLER BLADES OF AN ICEBREAKER
USCGS POLART STAR ICE BREAKER FIBER OPTIC EFPI STRAIN GAGE
Fire Detection and Warning System for Aircraft
µ controller Based Modular Configuration
SMA/Bimetal Sensor Fast Response Low Hysterisis
Rugged & Compact Precise Hazardous Zone Isolation
Actuation Temp. 3000c
Features
Various Other ApplicationsVarious Other Applications
On Chain Fences
On Walls Securing pictures in galleries
Surveillance of areasOn Palisade Fences
Boarder Security
Future Fiber to Home, all controlled by Fiber Optics
Optical CommunicationsOptical Communications
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