1920’s – BoomThe Roaring Twenties

Roaring TwentiesI. Postwar SocietyA. Role of Women1. challenged “old” waysa. flapper girls i. new hair styles, clothes, makeup ii. new attitude – smoking, drinking, dancing2. more women working outside the home3. double standard still existed for women4. 1920 – 19th Amendment

Roaring Twenties

B. New City Life1. faster pace, loosening morals2. trolleys, subways, clubs, sports, movies3. urban pop. > rural pop. for the first time4. Great Migration continued5. high school attendance ^6. growing suburbs

Roaring Twenties

II. New HeroesA. Travel1. Charles Lindbergha. first trans-atlantic flight (NY->Paris)2. Amelia Earharta. first woman to fly across Atlantic

Roaring Twenties

B. Sports1. spectator sports became big business2. boxing – Jack Dempsey3. football – Jim Thorpe4. baseball – Babe Ruth

Roaring Twenties

III. The Jazz AgeA. Music1. new sound, new clubs/ dance halls2. Cotton Club (Harlem)a. Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington

Roaring Twenties

B. Literature1. wrote about horrors of the war; materialism of the 20’s2. expatriots – group of writers that moved to Europe3. The Lost Generation a. F. Scott Fitzgerald – The Great Gatsbyb. Ernest Hemingway – The Sun Also Rises

Roaring Twenties

C. Mass Media- print, radio read/heard around the country1. moviesa. very popular-no soundb. Charlie Chaplinc. The Jazz Singer (1927) i. first “talkie”2. newspapersa. more papers, readers

Roaring Twenties

3. magazines – news, entertainment, sports4. radioa. KDKA – first station5. People talking about same eventsa. helped create a common culture

Roaring Twenties

IV. Harlem RenaissanceA. Cultural Movement1. literary/artistic movement led by middle class, educated blacks2. spoke out against northern racism, segregation3. cultural pride

Roaring Twenties

B. Writers1. Langston Hughes, Zora Neal Hurston, Richard Wright2. Harlem was the center of the movement

Roaring Twenties

V. Cultural ConflictA. Prohibition v. Organized Crime1. 18th Amendment prohibited making, selling, using alchohola. hard to enforceb. moral issue – rural v. urban values2. after WWI, people tired of making sacrifices; ready to have fun

Roaring Twenties

3. many immigrant groups did not think drinking was immoral4. speakeasies – “secret” places to get a drink5. bootleggers smuggled alcohol in from Canada6. organized crime up in every major citya. lots of $ in alcoholb. Al Capone

Roaring Twenties

6. organized crime up in every major citya. lots of $ in alcoholb. Al Caponec. FBI fought back7. 21st Amendment repealed 18th

Roaring TwentiesB. Science v. Religion1. Christian fundamentalisma. radio preachers – Billy Sunday2. Scopes Trial (“Monkey Trial”) (1925)a. Tennessee law – illegal to teach evolutionb. biology teacher John Scopes arrested3. Clarence Darrow v. William Jennings Bryan4. religion v. science/evolutiona. rural v. urban values

Roaring Twenties

C. Race Relations1. revival of the KKKa. target immigrants and and blacks2. Marcus Garveya. Back to Africa Movement

Roaring Twenties

VI. Politics of the 20’sA. Return to “Normalcy”1. 1920’sa. Republican Party decade – Harding, Coolidge, Hooverb. return to isolationism, nativismc. shift away from progressivism to pro- business policies

Roaring Twenties

B. Red Scare1. Russian Revolution led to communist USSRa. gov’t ownership of propertyb. one political partyc. classless societyd. desire to spread ideas2. Communist Party formed in US (“Reds”)

Roaring Twenties

3. Palmer Raids (1919)a. early FBI formed to find communists, socialist, anarchistsb. civil rights ignored4. Sacco and Vanzetti a. Italian immigrants; anarchistsb. arrested; executed

Roaring Twenties

C. Labor Unrest1. big strikes – coal, steela. John L. Lewisb. public started to link unions w/communismD. Gov’t Scandal1. Teapot Dome Scandala. gov’t officials using office to profit

Roaring Twenties

E. Foreign Policy1. Dawes Plan (1924)a. loans, payment plan for Germany to pay war reparationF. Election of 19241. Calvin Coolidge (R)a. “the chief business of of the American people is business”b. laissez faire policyG. Election of 19281. Herbert Hoover (R)a. defeated Al Smith (D) – first Roman Catholic to run for president

Roaring TwentiesVII. Business BoomA. Consumer Economy1. higher wages2. advertising – for new productsa. refrigerators, washing machines, radiosb. buying on creditB. Automobile Industry1. 15 mil cars sold in 20’sa. Ford Model T – symbol for the decadeb. assembly line

Roaring Twenties

2. New businesses off carsa. dealerships, motels, gas stations, restaurantsb. Cultural impact i. dating; independence from parents

Roaring TwentiesC. Healthy Economy?1. value of stocks ____2. wages ____3. unemployment ____D. Danger Signs1. unequal distribution of wealtha. rich getting richer2. increasing personal debta. “easy” credit3. overspeculationa. buying stock on marginb. people investing that normally might not4. Overproductiona. Demand for goods slowing down5. crop prices dropping

Roaring TwentiesVIII. The ___________________A. Stock Market __________1. stock prices ___________ in 20’s => _______________a. lots of people buying stock who normally wouldn’t have - buying on ____________ i. if stock price dropped, they couldn’t pay back loan 2. _____________– October 29, 1929a. huge sell off of ___________

* “Roaring” days are over

1930’s-Great Depression

1930’s-Depression

B. Ripple Effects1. businesses lost _______ -> couldn’t pay back loans -> __________ hurt2. ________ on the banksa. people afraid banks would run out of $; tried to w/draw all of it-> bank __________/closures3. savings ____________4. unemployment _____5. farm prices even lower

1930’s-Depression

IX. _________ Effects A. Cities1. __________________a. Homeless “cities”2. Bread lines, soup kitchens3. 12 m. _____________a. no place to go for help

1930’s-Depression

B. _______ – Great Plains1. farmers lost land2. land worn out from _________________ a. drought, winds3. The _______________a. Dakotas to Texasb. many moved _____ to California -> ________

1930’s-DepressionX. President _______________A. __________________ Response1. Part of normal business cycle2. ___________________policy3. “rugged individualism”4. No direct help from __________a. Hoover would change policy laterB. ________________March (1932)1. _______ vets wanted bonus paid early2. __________fired on vets/families3. bad p.r. for Hoover

1930’s-DepressionXI. Election of _________A. Franklin D. ____________ 1. Believed ______________ should play a direct role in providing help2. ______________Coalitiona. helped FDR win - union _________, ____________, immigrants, ___________, Southern _____________b. “The only thing we have to _____ is _______ itself.”

1930’s-Depression

XII. FDR’s ProgramA. The ________________1. Goals - ______________________2. ________ Hundred Daysa. new laws passed that __________ role of gov’t in fixing _____________b. ______________– radio talks explaining situation

1930’s-Depressionc. _______________– to help stop bank failuresd. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) – insure your ______ in the __________e. Securities and Exchange Commission - to oversee ____________f. Agricultural Adjustment Act – pay _________ not to grow

1930’s-Depression

g. ______________________(CCC)- Put people to work building ______, ______h. ___________________ Administration (PWA)i. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)- dams to control _______;- ________ to rural areas

1930’s-Depression

B. New Deal __________1. __________________a. first woman in Cabinet2. __________________a. First Lady

1930’s-DepressionC. New Deal ___________1. Some said gov’t _____________ to helpa. _______________- US Senatorb. Share Our Wealth program2.Others said gov’t was _______________________a. ___________________– priest3. US Supreme Courta. several laws ________________4. US Congressa. FDR “_____________________” plan to appoint more Supreme Court justicesb. Congress would ______ pass bill

1930’s-DepressionD. Second __________________1. FDR/ideas still popular __________a. more help for farmersb. Works Progress Administrators (WPA) i. put people to work building __________________________c. Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act) i. guaranteed right to join ________; collective bargainingd. Fair Labor Standards Act i. __________________________e. ______________________Act2. FDR re-elected in 1936

1930’s-Depression

E. __________ Strength1. Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)a. ______________b. sit-down __________2. 1945 – _____ of unionmembership(after WWII)

1930’s-DepressionF. Popular Culture1. Literaturea. ______________________ (John Steinbeck) i. _______________, Okies2. Moviesa. ____________________, The Wizard of Oz, ____________________3. Radio Soap Operasa. The Lone Ranger=> _________ entertainment

1930’s-Depression

XIII. Impact of the ____________A. role of ___________________1. fed. gov’t now expected to take _________ role in ________ people2. fed. gov’t more active in ____________, ____________3. fed. gov’t more friendly toward _________, _______________ than business4. _____________– biggest impact on average person5. FDIC – _____ accounts protected