192_shaik muhammed hussain - establishment of adult education & literacy centre

8/3/2019 192_Shaik Muhammed Hussain - Establishment of Adult Education & Literacy Centre

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PPRREESSEENNTTAATTIIOONN TTIITTLLEE::

ESTABLISHMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION & LITERACY CENTER,

JAMSHORO UNDER PRODUCTIVE AGEING PROGRAM

Author: SHAIKH MUHAMMAD HUSSAINPHD SCHOLAR,DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS,

UNIVERSITY OF SINDH,JAMSHORO, PAKISTAN

E-mail: [email protected],

+92-333-2613716

Date of Presentation: IFAS 9TH

GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON AGEING

SCHEDULED TO BE HELD FROM 4

TH

TO 7

TH

SEPTEMBER 2008

Institute (s): UNIVERSITY OF SINDH JAMSHORO, PAKISTAN.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Category: 6 The impact of design on participation

Title: ESTABLISHMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION & LITERACYCENTER, JAMSHORO UNDER PRODUCTIVE AGEING

PROGRAM

Author (s): Shaikh M.H.1

Institute (s):1University of Sindh Jamshoro, Planning & Development, Jamshoro,

Pakistan.

Introduction:

Age and ageing are social as well as biological phenomena life long process

of aging or growing older, is a social process. Both age and ageing are imperious forces in

social life, no man, woman or child nor society as a whole is immune to their effects or to

the problem they create. The problem of ageing has been fully recognized as social

phenomena, molded by human beings, rooted in human history and susceptible to social

intervention and change. These problems have been taken for granted as immutable, or

wholly attributed to biology or "natural law" yet to understand their social character is to

open all the possibilities of directing social change to improve the quality of life for people

at every age. With the assurance that to what degree social factors are responsible for

personal trouble and social problems related to age and to find some social means for

ameliorating or correcting, these problems.

While abolishing age based allocation is not being considered seriously as a

corrective, measure a variety of modifications of existing age criteria might well serve to

prevent or reduce age inequalities, age segregation or age conflict.

For example, it is suggested only the desirability but the possibility of

redistributing education, and opening of adult education centers and literacy program in the

community. This is a way to offset inequalities and inequities among the age strata and to

help integrate the young and the old into the main stream of social activity.

The pilot project area is selected as Jamshoro to which is a newly created

District on the right bank of Indus River. Jamshoro Town is called the education city of

Pakistan where three main universities are located. The University of Sindh the second

oldest university of Pakistan having twenty thousands students enrolled in different


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disciplines. The Mehran University of Engineering and Technology having all the

disciplines of Engineering Technology, has Ten Thousands students on its role.

The Third University i.e. The Liaquat University of Medical and Health

Sciences, Jamshoro was also the constituent Medical College of University of Sindh, is also

working as full-fledged Medical University at Jamshoro. The total well qualified faculty in

the above institutions is more than two thousands with more than 1/3 living in the housing

societies and residential colonies close to the campuses. Therefore the Jamshoro is the ideal

place selected for the said project.

The project will be processed with the emphasis on adult education literacy

center. It is expected to be an initiative for developing other projects or activities for older

person in the communities, with contributions and collaboration from all sectors at the

International and Local level.

Gerontology is the scientific study of aging. It began as the study of why

some people are especially long lived, but it now focused on all of the biological,

psychological and social aspects of growing old, (Barren and Woodruff) studies people of

all aged because the process of aging begins the day we are born, as people age, societies

tend to carve out their lives into a series of stages, with different things being expected of

them at each stage. The content of these stages depends on a person biological age and the

social needs of a particular society. All of these stages taken to gather constitute the life

span or life cycle which is a succession of statuses and roles that people in a particular

society experience in a fairly predictable pattern as they grow older.

Ageism refers to an ideology, or a set of beliefs, holding that people in a

particular age group are inferior, have negative attributes and can be dominated and

exploited because of their age.

Demography is the study of the size, composition and distribution of human

populations and how these factors change overtime. Demographers have found that

societies vary in terms of the proportions of their populations that are at different stages in


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the life cycle. They refer to this as the age structure of society. The distribution of people

into various age categories.

Mandatory retirement defines age 60 as a point at which working people are

suddenly deemed incompetent and incapable, when you are 59 years and 364 days old. You

are distinguished executive, next day, you are incapable to hold job. How silly and painful

experience is?

The focus of educational measures needs to be participation in both

employment and educational services geared to learners' needs. What needs to be done to

apply remedial efforts to improve the participation rates of the current group of adult

workers, particularly with low skill and mature age. The aged fellows who are residing at

District Jamshoro may be given chance once again to engage themselves in adult educationliteracy, educational participation should be given high priority.

Allow me to add that the term adult learning has been used inclusively by

the OECD in its recent review of adult education. The concept of adult learning

encompasses all education and training activities undertaken by adults for professional or

personal reasons. It includes general vocational and enterprise based training within a life

long learning perspective (OECD 2003:8).

As mentioned earlier Jamshoro is town of education centre and so many

professors are retiring and close to retirement should be fruitfully engaged in the services

of the community & society. Adult centers should be encouraged so that the literate retired

population be given chance to educate the adults and make them useful individual of

society. The primary objectives of the establishment of adult education centre is to provide

preparatory assistance to an individual that builds self esteem and creates confidence and

improves the retired professors prospects of obtaining paid employment through

assessment, skills training, support and advices to adult peoples.

Table of older persons in Pakistan will show how the aged persons are

multiplying faster in Pakistan, as a result of better health care and advances in medical

facilitiesat annexure.


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Recommendations

Some of the suggested measures have been given for the effectiveness of the

programme.

1- Literate old persons should be engaged in adult education centers, where theycan impart knowledge to illiterate masses and make them conscious about rising

population problem confronting individual and nation as a whole.

2- As we know that the majority of the population in Pakistan is illiterate sopublicity should be given in form of films, pictures and with practical works. So

that they can be able to come to know about the seriousness of the problems.

3- There should be intensive evaluation to assess the progress of the adulteducational center. Research and evaluation would help in getting future line of

action accordingly.

4- By opening adult education centers one can assess the real life forces affectingolder persons as well as illiterate persons. To get better results of the nature,

extent and changing patterns of certain social problems which were regarded as

obstacles to achieving the goals of adult ageing related efforts and activities andto better understand the skills and resources that existed, or did not exist, with

such understanding retired professors would be able to address the problem,

mitigate their negative impacts and deal with them appropriately.

5- People who work after age of 60 are on the whole happier, healthier and have abetter life expectancy than those who do not work.

6-

It has been observed that the older worker stay longer than the younger one.Young people are interested to change their job in the attraction of earning more

money and to carve out a better future for them.

7- It is a fact that older persons can not work as fast a younger one, but they makefewer errors and work more efficiently, so they must be come out ahead.


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8- Older people have lot of valuable information based on their life longexperience which can be easily transmitted through interaction with and training

of the youth.

9- Increasing opportunities for employment of older persons.10- Advancing health and well being into old age and ensuring better quality of life

in old age.

11- Fare discounts up to (50 percent) on air and rail travel and special seats onpublic transport vehicles.

12- Assist member countries in establishment of linkage and collaboration in agerelated policies and programmes with those of the key sectors such as education,

health, labour and employment.


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Bibliography

Australian Department of Health and Aged Care (2000) a frame works forprevention for suicide and self harm in Australia, Australian Department of

Health and Aged Care.

Adult learning Australia 1995. Who are Australia Adult Learners Report offindings from a national house hold survey conducted as part of the ABS

population survey monitor. Report by John M. Clntyre and Alastair

Crombie.

Allana G.A (1998) Sindhi Culture a preliminary survey, Karachi: IndusPublications.

Annual Review (2002-2003) Social Development in Pakistan, Social Policyand Development Center. Oxford University Press, Karachi.

Annual Review (2001) Social Development in Pakistan, Social Policy andDevelopment Centre Oxford, University Press, Karachi.

Brog. W.R. Gall, M.D. (1989) Educational Research, an Introduction 5th.New York, Longman.

Buchanan J. et al (2001) Beyond Flexibility; Skills and work in the future.Board of Vocational Education and training, NSW.

Bulletin of the world health organization 2001, 79 (12: 1175-1177). Burfat Fateh Mohammad (2002) Poverty in Sindh. A Sociological Analysis,

Research Journal Karachi, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai Chair, University of

Karachi Vol. 4.

D. EST, 2003. Adult Learning in Australia; you canto. A ConsultationPaper, Canberra Department of Education, Science and Training.


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De Leo D, Hickey PA, Neulinger K, Cantor CH (1999). Ageing andSuicide: A report to the Common Wealth Department of Health and Aged

Care, Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. Griffith

University.

Gay. L.R and Peter Airasian (2000) Educational Research-Competencies forAnalysis and Application, Prentice Hall, Inc, New Jersey.

Human Development Report (2002) Deepening Democracy in FragmentedWorld, United Nations, Development Program, Oxford University, Press

New York.


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9Annexure

Older Persons in Pakistan

I. Population of Older Persons in PakistanAge Cohort Male Female Total

60-64 1,406,681 1,211,702 2,618,383

65-69 828,153 681,284 1,509.43770-74 744,456 609,518 1,353,974

75+ 817,200 687,541 1,504,741

3,796,490 3,190,045 6,986,535

Source: Pakistan, 1998 Advance Tabulation, 1999

II. Percent of Persons 60 and Older in the Population of Selected CountriesCountry Percent of Population 60+

Pakistan* 5.5 *Denotes a predominantly

Algeria* 5.7 Muslims CountriesBangladesh* 5.1

Brazil 7.2

China 9.5Egypt* 5.8

Germany 20.9

India 6.5Indonesia* 6.3

Japan 20.9Jordan* 4.4

Malaysia* 6.1

Morocco* 6.4Sweden 21.9

United Kingdom 20.5

United States 16.5

Source: For Pakistan, 1998 Preliminary Census Figures, 1999. For other countries:

U.S. Census Bureau. Global Aging into the 21st Century. December, 1996.

III. Male to Female Ratios for Older Persons in PakistanAge Cohort Number of Men per 100 Women

55-59 115.960-64 116.1

65-69 121.670-74 122.1

75+ 108.1



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IV. Percent of Widowed Persons 60 and Older in Selected CountriesCountry Female Population Married (%) Widowed (%)

Pakistan* 12 47

Algeria* 7 55Bangladesh* 7 68

Brazil 13 47

China 24 52

Egypt* 12 60Germany 14 49

India 20 51

Indonesia* 11 58Japan 10 44

Jordan* 9 56

Malaysia* 14 54Morocco* 7 62

Sweden 11 48

United Kingdom 14 43

United States 11 42

Source: U.S Census Bureau. Global Aging Into the 21st Century. 1996

V. Percent of Pakistan Women Married and Widowed by age CohortAge Cohort Female Population Married (%) Widowed (%)

60-64 1,211,702 743,741 (66 %) 409,757 (34 %)65-69 681,284 389,929 (62 %) 261,365 (38 %)

70-74 609,518 251,589 (48%) 319,398 (52%)

75+ 687,541 207,309 (38 %) 423,556 (62%)


VI. Percent of Pakistan Men and Women Who are IlliterateMale Female

Age Cohort Population Illiterate Female Population Illiterate (%)

60-64 1,406,681 965,430 (69%) 1,211,702 1,090,198 (90%)

65-69 828,153 584,980 (71%) 681,284 619,473 (91%)

70-74 744,456 561,717 (75%) 609,518 564,251 (93%)75+ 817,200 686,530 (77%) 687,541 639,222 (93%)



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VII. Present of Literate Persons 60 and Older in Selected CountriesCountry Percent of Men (%) Percent of Women (%)

Pakistan* 18 5

Algeria* 19 4Bangladesh* 30 5

Brazil 60 54

China 50 11

Egypt* 31 7Germany (a) (a)

India 15 7

Indonesia* 68 38Japan (a) (a)

Jordan* 52 12

Malaysia* 43 9Morocco* 15 1

Sweden (a) (a)

United Kingdom (a) (a)

United States 91 93

(a)Assumed to be universal, so data about literacy is not collected.Source: U.S Census Bureau. Global Aging Into the 21st Century. 1996

VIII. Percent Over 60 Economically activeCountry Percent of Men (%) Percent of Women (%)

Pakistan* 62 9

Algeria* 36 2

Bangladesh* 75 46Brazil 46 11

China 45 15

Egypt* 45 7Germany 12 3

India 65 14

Indonesia* 68 30

Japan 51 23Jordan* 40 1

Malaysia* 22 9

Morocco* 38 9

Sweden 23 14United Kingdom 21 8

United States 27 14



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IX. Percent Of Gross Domestic Product Spent on Health (Circa 1991)Country Percent of Spent on Health (%)

Pakistan* 3

Algeria* 7Bangladesh* 3

Brazil 4

China 4

Egypt* 3Germany 9

India 6

Indonesia* 2Japan 7

Jordan* 4

Malaysia* 3Morocco* 3

Sweden 9

United Kingdom 7

United States 13


X. Percent Increase in Population 60and Over from 1996 to 2025Country Percent of Increase in Older Population (%)

Pakistan* 123Algeria* 188

Bangladesh* 173

Brazil 164China 152

Egypt* 164

Germany 59India 167

Indonesia* 191

Japan 51

Jordan* 233Malaysia* 233

Morocco* 191

Sweden 41

United Kingdom 42United States 88



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Sources:

Government of Pakistan. Population Census Organization. Statistics Division. Advance

Tabulation on Sex, Age Group, Marital Status, Literacy, and Educational Attainment.

Islamabad, 1999.

U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census. International Programs Center.

Global Aging in the 21st Century, Washington, D.C.: GPO, December, 1996

192_shaik muhammed hussain - establishment of adult education & literacy centre

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