1939-1945

Hitler (Germany) Mussolini (Italy) Hideki Tojo (Japan) Emperor Hirohito (Japan) De Gaulle (France) Roosevelt (US) Churchill (Great Britain) Stalin (Soviet Union)

Hitler and Mussolini

Axis Powers- Germany, Italy, and Japan

Allied Powers- Originally Britain, France, and China; later joined by US and USSR

Fascism Appeasement Blitz Genocide Concentration Camp Holocaust

MAIN WWI/ Treaty of Versailles Worldwide Economic Depression Rise of Fascism Weak League of Nations Munich Pact Appeasement

Japan invaded China Italy invaded Ethiopia German Aggression in Europe Appeasement Germany invades Poland

Source: Herblock, May 13, 1941 (adapted)

“It is us today. Tomorrow it will be you….God and history will remember your judgment.”- Haile Selassie

“We will have peace in our time”~British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain after negotiating peace with Hitler

Hitler gets to keep all the countries in Europe he took over as long as he promises not to invade anymore countries

Spineless Democracies

Kristallnacht Night of the Broken

Glass November 9, 1938 Jewish owned

stores, synagogues, homes were looted and burned by Nazi storm troopers as they shouted “Death to the Jews” and “Revenge for Paris”

WWII begins!!!!

Hitler signs an agreement with Stalin not to touch the Soviet Union invades Soviet Union in 1941 (Operation Barbarossa)

December 7th- “a day that will live in infamy”

Pres. Roosevelt declared war on Japan on Dec. 8 1941.

The Rape of Nanking and The Forgotten Holocaust

Hitler and common law wife commit suicide

Mussolini and mistress Clareta Petacci are hung in Milan

US bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan

In total, 110,000 killed immediately;

100, 000’s would die in the years to follow of cancer and radiation poisoning

Japan surrenders agrees to dismantle its military and become a democracy

United Nations- International organization with member nations whose goal is to promote world peace

Founded October 24, 1945

“Never Again” See Upfront, March

16, 2009- Op-ed piece- “Never Again, For Real”

Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. . . .

Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. . . .

Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. . . .

— The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

War crime trials held in Nuremburg after World War II to try the surviving Nazis concerning the Holocaust, aggressive war making, and mistreatment of prisoners among other things.

“. . . The Nazi holocaust, which engulfed millions of Jews in Europe, proved anew the urgency of the re-establishment of the Jewish state, which would solve the problem of Jewish homelessness by

opening the gates to all Jews and lifting the Jewish people to equality in the family of nations. . . .” (Zionism)

-VS-

US

Soviet Union

Mideast Peace Crisis Cold War Arms Race Space Race Colonial Independence Movements

Source: Ellis and Esler,World History: Connections to Today, Prentice Hall, 2001 (adapted)

Source: Student Artwork: Shaneekwa Miller, Fashion Industries High School (adapted)

Age of Terrorism Global Warming

Source: Dan Wasserman, Tribune Media Services, Inc

Source: John Trever, Albuquerque Journal, Sept. 2001, adapted