196307 desert magazine 1963 july

8/14/2019 196307 Desert Magazine 1963 July

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MAGAZINE of the SOUTHWEST

FIRST

LAKE


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N O W ! Y O U C A N O W N A V A L U A B L ELOT IN A CHOICE SUBDIVISION!Just $10 down and $10 permonth forchoiceproperty only 5minutes drive from down-town

L AS V E GASV E GAS V IE W The real estate w ith skyrocketing valuer

D O W N10.$10.00 perMonth

$995 FULL PRICE

You can now take advantage of the fabulous bus iness boom i n t h e Las Vegas area. Here gains nr ea l es ta te ac t i v i t y ou ts t r i pped a l l other par ts of the na t i on dur i ng 1962 w i th aspectacular jump o fnear ly 1 0 0 p e r c e n t i n sales volume th is t rend and the t r end inreta i l sales a n d other bus inessact iv i ty has cont inued t o soar upw ar d dur i ng 1961 and 1962 .Both fun an d profit ca n b e y o u r s . . . B a s k i n t h e d e s er t s u n . . . S k i at11,910 foot M t. Charleston

. . . Boat , sw i m and f i sh a t giant Lake Mead. These water and snow-fun areas a re wi th in a30-minutedr ive o f VEGAS VIEW.Vegas View l o ts are f ree o f c i t y t axes b u t adjacent t o t h e pr esen t Las Vegas c i t y l i m i t s to ta l l yunl i ke much of he bar r en l and so l d today inr em ote deser t and sw am p a r eas ofdoub t fu l fu tu r e .The lots now have graded s t reets and elect r i c i ty o n h e East and West boundar ies o f the subdiv is ion.Never again w i l l s i tes w i th such a potential increase in value b e offered a t these low, lo w pr ices. Com-parable lots i n Las Vegas are now sel l ing fo r many hundreds o f do l l a r s - m or e . In VEGAS VIEW just $1 0wi l l s tar t you o n your way t o ear ly fu tu r e p r o f i t s ! To ta l cos t o f these 50 ' x 100' si tes is only $995 plusthe Jow interest inc luded i n month ly payments . You must a c t NOW t o take advantage o f th is oppor -tun i t y o f a l i f e t i m e . R em em ber only a ver y l i m i ted num ber o f these choice s i tes are avai lable.

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2 / Desert Magazine / July,1963


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LETTERSFROM OUR READERS

Withered Dream . . .To the Editor: It may be that I read "Llano'sWithered Dream" (May 1963) with moreinterest than most people, for I knew JobHarriman, founder-idealist of the unfortu-nate colony. He was not like some of thepromoters of today who take the sucker'scash, then hightail it for Bermuda with abevy of blonds. Idealists are impracticalpeople, alas.

The dream of this once prosperous at-torney collapsed and he lost everything, ex-cept his faith thatFor a' that and a' that,It's comiri yet, for a' that,That man to man the world o'erShall brothers be for a' that.

LEE STROBELHemet, Calif.To the Editor: David Bailey's story in theMay issue on the Llano socialistic enter-prise was very interesting, but I have aquestion: Bailey says Llano failed for vari-ous reasons, but in particular the lack ofwater in a desert land; how then does theCrystalaire Country Club, which I am sureuses much water, manage to get, impound,dam or drill for the wet stuff?

HENRY C. LINDLos Gatos, Calif.(Basically, Llano fell a s a result ofthe Colony's lack of funds to adequate-ly develop the Big Rock Creek supply,and in attempting to ma intain a largeragricultural enterprise than the existingwater conditions would support. Also,the colonists conveyed water by openditch which, according to C. V. Paulof Crystalaire, resulted in a 50 percentloss through evaporation and seepage.Mr. Paul states that substantial sumsof money were lately spent in develop-ing the Big Rock Creek supply andthat the gravelly riverbed in the Hol-comh Ridge gap is now used as a vaststorage basin. The w ater is put under-ground, tapped by deep well, and trans-ported entirely by pipeline Ed.)

Memories of Rawhide . . .To the Editor: The article on Rawhide inyour May issue brought back memories ofevents I played a big part in.

In the first part of the Nevada miningboom1905I moved to Hazen and startedan auto-stage line ("The Palace Auto Trans-portation Co.") to Fairview. It was a 60-mile trip, and the fare was a $20 gold piece.I drove a Winton Model Athe only carthat could take off across the desert to passthe long freight wagons. The Winton wentright through sand-bottomed washes andreally rough goingincluding the road toRawhide.

FRANK ANDREWSModesto, Calif.Wildflower Sanctuary . . .To the Editor: It is important for the futurethat a Wildflower National Monument beestablished on the Mojave Desert nowbefore the land is swallowed-up and erasedforever. No one can better appreciate thenecessity for the preservation of such un-developed areas as we can here in LosAngeles.

MRS. JOHN PENDLETONLos AngelesGold Camp . . .To the Editor: Another fine issue ofDESERT (June). Particularly appreciatedLady Rae Eastland's "Gold Camp on theMojave". I think the John Burgess sketchesare outstanding. But for the enterprise andvision of such people as the Glen Settles,our "gold camps" and "ghost towns" wouldbe, as the author so accurately stated, but"boards and broken bits".

G. D. LAWRELFresnoCan yonlan ds National Park . . .To the Editor. I was very happy to see theproposed Canyonlands National Park beingconsidered on its merits in your April issue.However, I believe the case for a large uni-fied park was not well stated in the articleby D. James Cann on. As an artist and alsoas one who is interested in the economicimportance of this park to Utah. I believein the creation of a large unified pa rk. Ifmining and other commercial uses are per-mitted in the area, I feel it essential that

the urea from the Island in the Sky, iacluding Dead Horse Point, to and including thegorges of the Colorado and Green rivers,be protected according to the highest na-tional park standards.An important piece of evidence as to theeconomic value of the park has been over-looked. Professor Claron E. Nelson, De-partment of Business and Economic Re-search, University of Utah, at the conclu-sion of his analysis of the report submittedby the Department, said:". . . the first and foremost consideration

must be the protection and development ofthe nonrenewably unique and economicallyvaluable aesthetic resources of the area. Letme emphasize, when conflict occurs, theeconomic 'expectations' associated with min-eral and grazing activities warrant onlysecondary consideration . . ."LYNN FAUSETTSalt Lake City

Varmint Callers . . .To the Editor: I have followed with inter-est the stories and comments in your maga-zine regarding varmint calling (the fast-growing sport of luring predatory animalsinto the open with a device which simulatesthe cry of a rabbit in distress).

I wonder if your readers are aware ofthe fact that $5,000,000 (yes, 5 millionbucks!) is spent each year by the Predatorand Rodent Control Branch of the U. S.Fish and Wildlife Service? According toone source, between 700 and 800 FWSmen, supervised by nearly 100 agents, workyear-round on the predatorsmainly coy-otesusing traps, cyanide bombs and theviolent poison, sodium flouracetate (Com-pound 1080). Of course, the poison andtraps are hardly selective, and foxes, bob-cats, badgers, bears, some birds, domesticanimals and even humans are their victims.The Fish and Wildlife Service works hard

to eliminate the coyotethen faced withan over-population of rodents, spendsanother million dollars to help control thisproblem.Everything considered, it seems the fewanimals taken by the varmint caller is adrop-in-the-bucke t. It should also be point-ed out that not all varmint callers go intothe field armed with guns. Some have cam-erasand others simply enjoy a close lookat animals that are usually very evasive.

CLOYD SORENSEN JR.Vista, Calif.

T H E F I R S TP I C K - U PC A M P E RT O B E T E S T E DO N A ' R O U N DT H E W O R L DT R I PThe un i que hy d rau l i c m ec han i s m w h ic h ra is est he c a m p e r t o p c a n b e s a fe l y o p e r a t e d e v e n b ya s m a l l ch i l d . Loc k s p rev en t ac c i den ta l l owe r -ing. The t op is l owe red qu i c k ly by the s i m p l et u r n o f a v a lv e .

SIXFACTOR I ESTO SERVEY O U

T he A l a s k a n C a m p e r is q u ic k l y t r a n s fo r m e df rom i t s c omp ac t l ow s i l houe t t e on the road t oroomy wa l k - i n l i v i ng qua r t e rs . D r i v e s a fe l y a ta n y sp e e d w i th m i n im u m d r a g a n d s w a y .Momen ts l a t e r , en j oy the c om fo r t and conv en -Write today to the factory nearest you fo r free folder describing the most advanced camper on the road.

R. D. HALL MFG., INC. CAMPER S, INC. PENNACAMP, INC. CANADIAN MOB ILE LIV INGDept . D Dept . D Dept . D "rfT? PRODUCTS, LTD.9847 Glenoaks B l v d . , 8819 R e n to n A v e . P .O . B o x 2 6 4 7 7 Pelham A v e . P. a B o x 5 4 8Sun V a l l e y , Ca l i f . S e a t t l e 1 8, W a s h . Manheim, Penna. T o ro n to 9 , O n ta r io R ed De e r , A lb e r ta

i e n c e o f a w e a t h e r t i g h t , hi g h c e i l i n g , h o m e a w a yf r o m h o m e c o m p l e t e w i t h t h re e b u r n e r s t o v e ,s i n k , c a b i n e t s , i c e b o x , b e d s , a n d m a n y o t h e rl u x u r y f e a t u r e s .

R. D. HALL MFG., INC.T e x a s D i v . , Dept . D6 9 1 1 S t e a r n s S t .H o u s t o n , T e x a sU .S . PA TE NT N O . 2 87 91 03 C A NA DIA N PA TE NT N O . 6 3 7- 5 43


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DuvtLCONTENTS

Volume 2 6 Number 7

JULY, 1963This Month's Cover

Sentinel R o c k , o n e o f many famous l a n d -marks o n t h e Colorado River, will b e s u b -merged under th e waters o f a rising LakeP o w e l l . S e e story o n page 2 0.3 Letters from our Readers4 The Desert in July6 New Ideas for Desert Living

B y DA N L E E8 Desert Agriculture and Humidity

B y DALE R. HARRIS a n d IRIS K R A M E R . Don'tblame summer humidity o n t he f a r m e r s .11 Desert Camera

B y FRANK J E N S E N . A n e w DESERT featurefo r sunland photographers12 Claraville. Burning Moscow Mine

B y RICHARD C . B A I L E Y . A short jaunt intoCalifornia b a c k - c o u n t r y .

16 What Price Acculturation?B y W . THETFORD L e V I N E S S . A report o nth e American I n d i a n s ' d i l e m m a .

20 A L ake Is BornB y JACK PEPPER. Early b o a t e r s ' launch a tn e w Lake P o w e l l .

25 Cool Roof for Summer26 Porcupine Guide

B y A . T . R U G G E R I . T h e author acquires aunique f r i e n d .28 Boot Camp for RockhoundsB y SIDNEY PHILLIPS. They polished stoneinstead o f b r a s s .31 Nature's Little Things

By RUTH H E A R D . S o easy to o v e r l o o k ; sobeautiful t o b e h o l d .32 EarpThe Town and the Man

B y PETER R . O D E N S . A fresh look a t aWestern " h e r o . "38 New Southwest Books

B y CHARLES E . S H E L T O N . Reviews o f c u r -rent b o o k s .39 Desert Cookery

B y LUCILLE IREDALE C A R L E S O N . Salads fo rho t weather.

Choral and Jack PepperDESERT'S NEW EDITOR AND PUBLISHERDESERT CHANGES HANDS. Sale of Desert Magazine, effective June1, wa s anno unce d by C harles Shelton, president of the corporation.New publisher is Jack Pepper, former newspaperman and public re-lations executive, who has moved to Palm Desert from Las Vegas,where he has lived the past 10 years.

The new owner's wife, Mrs. Choral Pepper, author of many DESERTarticles, is now editor of the publication."As the new publisher of DESERT," Pepper stated, "I want to assureour readers there will be no radical changes in 'the magazine of theSouthw est' which for the past 26 ye ar s ha s faithfully, acc ura tely an dinterestingly chronicled the activities of life in this fascinating corner ofAm erica. Cho ral an d I ar e both proud to be a part of the DESERT

family."Following 12 yea rs as a new spap erm an on the east and westcoasts, Pepper was named manager of the Las Vegas News Bureauwhere he directed the resort's national publicity and promotion cam-paig ns. For the past two yea rs he ha s operated his own public re-lations firm in Las Vegas.Shelton said the sale includes the title of the magazine, its sub-scription list an d files only. The famed Desert Art Galle ry w as notincluded in the sale.Eugene L. Conrotto, who has been on DESERT's staff since 1955and editor since 1958, will be associated with Shelton in the generalpublication field, and will maintain offices in the Desert Magazinebuilding in Palm Desert.

GUNNERY RANGE. The U. S. Navy took a big step closer to grabbingthe deed to 132,000 ac res of public land in California's Cho colateMountains, which it ha s been using as an a erial gu nne ry ra ng e forDESERT is published monthly by Desert M a g a z i n e , I n c . , Palm D e s e r t , Caif. Second Class Postage paid at Palm D e s e r t , Caif., e n d a tadditional mailing offices under A c t o f March 3 , 1 8 7 9 . Title registered N o . 358865 i n U.S. Patent O f f i c e , a n d contents copyrighted 1 9 6 3by Desert M a g a z i n e , I n c . Unsolicited manuscripts a n d photographs cannot be returned or acknowledged unless full return postage ise n c l o s e d . Permission to reproduce contents must be secured from th e editor i n w r i t i n g . SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $4.50 pe r year (1 2 issues)i n the U .S . ; $5 e l s p w he r e . Allow five weeks fo r change o f a d d r e s s , a n d b e sure to send the o l d a s well a s n e w a d d r e s s .

To subscribe, or to give a DESERT gift subscription, use the coupon on poge 27NATIONAL ADVERTISING R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S :Arden E. Roney & Associates5 80 South Son Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles 48, California. Phone: 651-3930NE W YORK210 E. 53rd St. PL 3-1780 SAN FRANCISCO 31355 Market St. UN 1-7175CHICAGO I35 E. Wacker Dr. ST 2-8196 DETROIT 26658 Book B l d g . W O 1-6063

JACK PEPPERpublisher

CHORAL PEPPEReditorAddress Correspondence To:Desert Magaz ine, Palm Desert, Calif. Phone: FI 6-8144

4 / Desert Magazine / July, 1963


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20 years. The House Public Lands subcommittee recently approvedthe formal withdrawal af the acreage. The Western Oil an d GasAssociation protested the move, saying a portion of the area meritedfurther prospecting for petroleum. The Navy countered with the an-nouncement that it would have no objection to mineral exploration inthe Chocolates provided the prospectors and oil crews did theirwork when the Navy fliers were not overhead. The range was in use270 days during the past 12 months.MISSION TO THE NAVAJOS. The first Episcopal Mission to be es-tablished in the Utah area of the Navajo Reservation will celebrateits 20th anniversary on July 25. St. Christopher's Mission near Bluffwas founded by the Rev. Baxter H.Liebler, whose career in Navajolandhas been chronicled over theyears in the pages of DESERT. Fr. Lieblerrecently retired, and the newvicar is Rev. Wayne L. Pontious. Follow-ing a Pontifical High Mass at 10 a.m., there will be a sort of FourthofJuly, Navajo style. The Mission will offer cash prizes for rug weavingand for artwork in painting, silver and leather work. In the afternoon,games and contests will be organized, including sack races, archery,waler boiling (starting from scratch), bread baking, and a "chickenpull" (which today means pulling money sacks, not chicken heads, outof theground from theback of a galloping horse). In the evening therewill be fireworks and a squaw dance. Should be fun.NEW SMALL TRACT AREAS. TheRiverside Land Office of the Bureauof Land Management has added to its Small Tract listings more than900 newparcels, bringing to almost 5000 the total tracts now available.Th> > new listings ar e for land in the Little Lake, Willow Springs, Bar-stow and Lancaster areas, where there has been no land on the mar-ket for the past two or three years. Tracts ar e sold at the Land Officeearh Wednesday at 10 a.m. to the highest bidder at or above theappraised valuewhich runs from $150 to $2250 for a five-acre parcel.SALTON OCTOPUS. A lot of things have turned up in the Saltonseabut for the first time an octopus made its appearance. Therecan be no doubt that the creature was transplanted in Salton, probab-ly a visitor from one of the Pacific Coast towns. The Salton octopus18 inches in diameter, was captured by a 12-year-old boy.JULY CALENDAR. July 3-4:Holbrook, Arizona, Sheriffs Posse Rodeo.July 4:Victorville Stellarbration, parade at 10 a.m., sport events duringth day , stage show and fireworks in evening. July 4: Bisbee Cele-bration includes Hard Rock Drilling Contest and parade. July 4: Fire-w< iks at these Arizona towns: Globe, Glendale, Casa Grande, Wil-lie i us, Winslow and Phoenix. July 4: Fireworks Show, Palm Springs.July 4-5: Annual Sedona Carnival. July 4-6:Flagstaff All IndianPow-Wuw. July 4-6:Prescott Frontier Days. July 6-7:Kiwanis Rodeo, Fal-lon, Nevada. July 24:Pioneer Day Celebration in Salt Lake City andmi ist other Mormon-founded cities and towns in Utah and northernA: i .ona. / / /

READY FOR THE ROUGHEST!

TRAILMACHINE

DealerInquiriesInvited

F e a t u r e s 3 - S p c c dgear box, l e f t -h a n d o p e r a t e dc l u t c h , r i g h t -h a n d o p e r a t e ds h i f t l e v e r ,telescopic frontforks, f o l d i n gk i c k s t a r t e r .E n g i n e : B r i g g s &S t r a t t o n 534 HP.

MUSTANG MOTOR PRODUCTS CORP., 241 CONCORD ST., GLENDALE 3, CALIF.

C u s to m M a d e A u t o SunS hades" T a k e the s izz le out of the Sun." Y o u r car orw a g o n up to 15c o o l e r . B l o c k s the s u n ' s r a y sa n d p u b l i c ' s g a z e yet g i v e s e x c e l l e n t v i s i b i l i t ya n d v e n t i la t i o n . I d e a l for c a m p e r s , t r a v e l e r s ,a n d e v e r y day d r i v i n g . G r e a t l y i m p r o v e s airc o n d i ti o n i n g e f fi c ie n c y . C u s t o m m a d e for carsa n d w a g o n s 1955 t h r o u g h 1963. E asy to i n s t a l lw i t h e n c l o s e d s im p l e in s t r u c t i o n s . W r i te forF r e e c a t a l o g u e and p r i c e s . G i v e m a k e andm o d e l , 2 or 4 d o o r . P r o m p t S h i p m e n t . SidlesMfg. Co.,Box 3 5 3 7 D , T e m p l e , T e x a s .

QUICKEST WAY TOO U T D O O R C O M F O R TFrom the topofyour car

To ASpacious Room 7VV by I

CHECK THESE FINE FEATURES:1. You can set up or tako down Kar

Kamp in 5 minutes.2. Makes a large airy room with nylon

screen sides.3. Straight wallsno center pole. Plen-ty of headroom.

4. Detaches easily from car.5. You can travel light with uncluttered

car. Nothing to haul, no speed re-strictions.

6. Kar Kamp as well as gear ior fourwill lit in 4'x4' carrier.

7. Kar Kamp carriers lit all hardtopcars, American or Foreign, truckstoo.

8. Leave gear in carrier, no packingand unpacking. Stores overhead ingarage or carport.

Prices $99.95 to339.95Write for booklet toKA R KA MP MFG.

8925 E. GARVEY AVE.- DEPT. LS. SAN GABRIEL, CALIF.Changing Address?N e w p o s t a l r e g u l a t i o n s m a k e it i m p o r t a n tt h a t you s e n d y o u r c h a n g e - o f -a d d r e s sn o t i c e to us p r o m p t l y . And p l e a s e re-m e m b e r to l i s t y o u r old a d d r e s s as w e l la s y o u r new.Circulation Dept., Desert MagazinePalm Desert, Calif.


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H I S T O R I C A LB O O K S P E C I A L T I E STHE BONANZA WEST by William G reever.Story of western mining rushes to Calif.,Nevada, Colorado, Idaho and Klondike.Comprehensive work by noted author. $5.95BOOM TOWNS OF THE GREAT BASIN b yRobertson and Harris. Most exciting his-tory of the area between the Wasatch andSierras which has turned up untold humanstories an d mineral wealth $5.00NEVADA'S TURBULANT YESTERDAY b yDon Ashbaugh. Ghcsts and tales of longgone Nevada towns and the people whobuilt them. Excellent book $7.50PIONEER OF NEVADA, p u b . b y Harold 'sClub. Hundreds of stories of early Nevadape ople, plac es, fortunes. Much history.Paper cover. Vols. I & II, each $2.00FIELD GUIDE TO ROCKS A ND MINERALSby Frederick H. Pough. Classic handbookfor rockhounds. Complete $4.95STORY OF EARLY MONO COUNTY, b yElla Cain. Exploration, mine rushe s, ghosttowns of fascinating historical area. True.paper $2.75, cloth $5.50STORY OF INYO by W. A. Chalfant. Truestory of Owens Valley from the early daysto difficulties and export of water. Oftencited history $4.00

MANY OTHERS. Write for complete list.Postage prepaid if payment enclosed withorder. In Calif, add 4% sales tax.P I N O N B O O K S T O R E206 North Main St. Bishop. CaliforniaIn the Heart of the Eastern High Sierras

IT'S EASY AND LOTS-OF-FUNM a k e B e a u t i fu l G e m s N o w ! L e a r n a b o u t t hi sf a s c i n a t i n g h o b b y i n a n e w b o o k l e t , "S O Y O UW A N T T O C U T G E MS T O N E S " a n d I n fo r m a -t i v e C a t a l o g $ 1 . 5 0 v a l u e f o r o n l y 2 5 c . S e n df o r y o u r s TODAYLapidary Eng. Corp.

Redlonds D, Calif.st. & Hwy. 99

R E M E M B E R B I R T H D A Y S w i t ha DESERT sub scrip tion . . . $4.50

Metal DetectorsBO UGHT - SOLD - TRADED

Dealer ForDetectron, Fisher, Goldak ,Raytron, GeoFinder,MetrotechRepair Service

BILL'S SERVICE CENTER155 02 So. Paramount Blvd.Paramount California

NEW IDEAS for DESERT LIVINGBy DAN LEE

W ater B a g -Here's an item with both practical an dnovel appeal . . . a genuine goatskin liquidbag used for hauling drinking water, juices,lemonade, or other cool drinks. They callit Bota. Capacity is a half-gallon of liquid.Unlike other canteens, th e Bota nevertouches th e lips. The user merely tips itup, and the liquid gushes out in a thin, con-trolled stream. T h e object is to direct thisstream into th e mouth. The interior of thegoatskin bag is lined with an imperviousplastic liner, and a strap makes carryingthe Bota a cinch. T he maker points outthat th e item can be used for both decora-tion an d outdoor use. The price is a reason-able $4.95, from Bergen's Best Buys, P. O.Box 185, Westwood, N. J.

Boat Mooring BuoysNew mooring buoys from Glasspar BoatCompany, world's largest producers of fiber-glass boats, have several new features whichmake them worthwhile for any boat owneror boat landing operator. The new buoys

are filled with unicellular plastic foam,have integral eye-bolts top to bottom, anddue to the method of construction, floatmuch higher in the water than other buoys.Glasspar's new Everfloat buoys are madeof moulded fiberglass over foam, with arubber bumper built in as protectionagainst scuffing. Sizes available includethese diameters: 12-, 16-, and 22-inches. Thenew Everfloat buoys should be practicaland long lasting along the Colorado River,Lake Mead, and Salton Sea. Price not an-nounced : from G lasspar Boats, EverfloatDivision, 19101 Newport Blvd., Santa Ana,Calif.

Heilite Camp ing TrailerNew fold-out camping trailers comealong regularly, but the Heilite Model 170offers som ething new and different. Tomy knowledge, the Heilite is the firstcamping trailer of its type to open and foldout mechanically. A simple crank mechan-ism moves the storage-bed elements out toopen position, and the built-in bows thenspring out to support the fabric covering.Overall size of the folded-out trailer is 12-feet long by 7-feet, 2-inches wide. Foldeddown for travel, the Model 170 is only 48-inches high. The unit has four self-levelinglegs which swing down to stabilize and levelthe trailer at the site. The torsional sus-pension axle allows a full 10-inches ofground clearance and smooth riding quali-ties. Total weight of the Heilite Model 170is a low 500 pounds, road-ready. Retailprice is $745. Heilite Trailers, Inc., 1300S. Sacramento St., Lodi, California.

Tire C o m p o u n d Heat and dryness rob the elasticity ofrubber tires and moldings, leaving themopen to attack from industrial smog-crack-ing, weather-checking, and general sidewalldeterior ation. Tires left in storage on boattrailers, mobile homes, truck campers andhousecars quickly show signs of costly rot-ting. New NEOPRENE TIRE SHIELD isa chemical preservative for natural rubbersurfaces based on the principal that neo-prene has high resistance to sunlight-dry-ness, the effect of smog-cracking, and ingeneral keeps tire sidewalls protected againstweathering while in storage. The com-pound is easily applied with a brush, driesin about 15 minutes to a tough elasticsheath that flexes with the tire. Black in


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color, it has the natural look of real rubber no artificial shineyet it makes tires looknew again. Should also be good coatingwindshield moldings, spare tire sidewalls,cmcked ignition wires, battery terminals,and other areas where a heavy coating ofiK-oprene rubber is desirable. Made withDuPont neoprene, NEOPRENE TIRESHIELD costs $3.65 per quart, $8.35 pergullon. One quart does 10- to 20-tires, de-pending on condition. Freight prepaid fromAuto-Vacation Products, P. O. Box 276,Sun Dimas, Calif.

I erosene Patio LampHere's a product you can put to use onc imping trips or at home in the patio. It'sa kerosene lamp attached to the top of as x-foot stake, which is forced into theground. The kerosene lamp provides a softglowing light, won't blow out in a normalv ind, and holds a supply of fuel to lastabout four evenings' burning time. By ad-justing the wick, the light can be variedfrom soft to bright light. The clear glassciiimney is made of heavy-wall glass forrigged, safe handling. Called the Fradol# 1 1 3 Patio Lamp it sells for $5.95, fromFradol Enterprises, 3649 Lee Road, Cleve-land 20, Ohio.

Portable Power WinchWant a small portable winch, poweredby its own gasoline engine? The new BejayWinch is such a unit, weighing only 27poundsincluding engine. The little winchexerts a deadweight lift of 1000 pounds, andhas a sliding-pull rating of 3000 pounds.Th e Bejay features a rachet-stop, free spool-ing full-winch drum, holding 350-feet of3/16-inch steel cable. A hand-brake withriveted lining allows complete control ofthe winch during use. It's small enoughto attach to a car or truck bumper, tree,rock, or any solid object. Dimensions are12 Vi -inches long, 8 V4 -inches wide, and13 V2-inches tall. The winch intrigues mebecause it can be used anywhere on the caror truck. Perhaps to pull your car out ofdeep sand, or to roll a big rock out of a4wd trailmaybe even to winch a heavyboat out of the river onto the trailer.Search and rescue squads might find itpractical for certain types of cliff-side lift-ing work. Priced at $169.50, from Petro-Powered Products, 10437 Rush Street, So.El Monte, Calif.

Sanitary ChemicalsCalled the Saniware-Six-pack, this newproduct groups several chemical sanitizersin one package, designed to help the trailerand truck-camper solve the holding-tankproblem. In this new kit are 12-ounces ofdeodorant and 12 sanitizing enzyme pellets,providing six full treatments for holding-tanks in normal operation. The new Sani-ware Six-pack is available for $4.95, fromSani-ware Division, 1000 East 60th Street,Los Angeles 1 Calif.

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Th i s new b r o c h u r e ,| fresh off the presses, isa v a i l a b l e w i t h o u tcharge to rock hobby-i s t s and r e a d e r s ofDesert Magazine. Spe-cial sections on sharp-ening, revers ing andinstallation of diamondblades for better lapi-d a r y c u t t i n g . . . a ls oincludes useful tips onc o o l a n t s , l u b r i c a n t s ,speeds and feeds, andother suggest ions onhow to get longer and better wear fromyour cutting equipment. Compact andeasy -read ing , wel l - i l lu s t ra ted . Wri tetoday lor your copy.

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COACHELLA VALLEY FRO M SALTON V IEW IN JOSHUA TREE NATIONAL MONU MENT. PHOTO BY HARRY V R O MAN.

D E S E R TA G R I C U L T U R EA N DHUMIDITY

By DALE R. HARRISmeteorologist , United States WeatherBureauA NDIRIS KRAMERsecretary to the general manager,Coachella Valley County Water District

I N THE Coachella Valley, when theconversation turns to "weather"and gets much beyond the "niceday" stage, there inevitably followsa discussion abou t humidity. Th econsensus appears to be that humidi-ty has increased markedly over thepast few years, and that this is due


9/40

to thelocal increase in agriculturean d ofirrigation. It isone thing toexpress doubt as tothe validity ofthat opinion and another topresentconclusive evidence torefute it, be-cause humidity measurements havebeen meager and those observationsthat do exist had not been compiled.With that inmind, the WeatherBureau Office at Coachella, in cooper-ation with the Coachella ValleyCounty Water District, began a com-pilation of humidity observations

from the weather records ofthe Fed-eral Aviation Agency at Thermal.This station, established inJanuary,1949, onemile east ofHighway 111,

di0 and CoachcUoiVall0Jigriadtin-eY E A R , 1950 1952 1954- 1956 1958 I960 19621949 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961

iT i i i iincrease 12-foldJ . I 6 3 A C R E F EE T

O f IRRIGATION WATER(IN ACREFEET)

ACREFtST400,0003 4 5 , 4 8 3300,000100,000

00,000

Crop acreage more than

^24,483 ACRES

CROP ACREAGEUNDER C.V.C.W.D.

... kit.. Jmpemture...Mean Annual

1 Temperature(Thermal, Calif.)

ACRES5 5 , 0 0 05 2 , 7 5 34-5 ,00035,000

25,000

J*

... andJfujfiidifluctuate...Jeartojearl.'. U3 6 , 4 7 o H U M I D I T Y( 1 4 Y EA R A V E R A G E V k 3 8 7 eifnal,Cal,f) 34%

3 3 2 % 32.7%1949 1951 1953 I9S5 1957 1959 1961 ,1 9 5 0 1952 1954- 1956 1958 I960 1962


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UTAHThe Fabulous Landfor hunting, fishing and retirementis just being discovered. Proper-ties of all kinds are available from2V2 acres to 1000 and the pricesare low. Write for complete list-ing sheets. No obligation.D . W. CORRY REAL ESTATE CO.Box 903 Cedar City. Utah

" J U S T H O R S E S " S T A T I O N E R Y6 0 s h e e t s 7 1 / 2 " x l O V i " p e rs o n a l s iz e 4 de-l i g h t f u l i l l u s t r a t i o n s of " J u s t H o r s e s " in f u l l c o l o rb y Bob L o r e n z 50 i l l u s t r a t e d s h e e t s p l u s 10b l a n k of w h i t e r i p p l e t o n e w r i t i n g p a p e r w i t h 50m a t c h i n g e n v e l o p e s p l u s a 7 " x l O " fu l l c o lo rf ra m i n g p r i n t of a s o r r e l Q u a r t e r H o r s e allb e a u t i f u l l y b o x e d ! $ 3 . 0 0 per box p o s t a g e p a i d i m m e d i a t e d e l i v e r y m o n e y b a c k g u a r a n t e e !S e n d t o d a y for c a t a l o g s h o w i n g w e s te r n f r a m i n gp r i n t s , s t a t i o n e r y , n o t e s , and d e s e r t C h r i s t m a sc a r d s .

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moved to its present location at Ther-mal Airport on May 8, 1950. Ther-mal Airport is located in the geo-graphic center of the Valley, as wellas the agricultural center. The in-strument shelter is located on a smallgrassy plot, a standard Weather Bu-reau exposure, near the southwestcorner of the hangar. The immedi-ate area is paved for aircraft taxiing,therefore temperature and humiditymeasurements should represent freeair conditions.Weather observations were madeevery hour during the period 1949to the present. Four observations perday, 4 a.m., 10 a.m., 4 p.m., and10 p.m., were selected as being repre-sentative of daily humidity values.(Indeed, a sample, selected at ran-dom showed the difference betweenthe mean of the four observations,and that of the mean of the 24 obser-vations, to be less than 3%.) Thenumber of computations in this study

totals 20,482.With annual rainfall approximate-ly 3 inches, crops are irrigated by in-dividually-owned wells or by waterfrom the All-American Canal. Priorto the completion of the CoachellaBranch of the canal in the late '40s,crop acreage was restricted, since theuse of water from wells had produceda serious lowering of the watertable.The availability of canal water re-sulted in a rapid expansion of farm-ing, and acreage serviced by irriga-tion water increased from 24,483acres in 1949 to 55,510 acres in 1960.Total farm acreage increased from34,727 acres in 1949 to 60,442 acres.This constitutes about 75% of theavailable land under the Water Dis-trict's irrigation service facilities andapproximately 44% of the total ara-ble land of the Coachella Valley.

The amount of water distributedby the Coachella Valley County Wat-er District increased from 28,163 acre-feet in 1949, to 345,483 acre-feet in1962. The amount of water used forirrigation from individually ownedwells is not available, but the num-ber of wells in use increased from1200 in 1936, to 3375 in 1962. Cropsrequire about 6.5 acre-feet of waterper acre, per year. This means, then,that nearly 400,000-acre-feet of wateris required to support Coachella Val-ley agriculture.

It is understandable with thisamount of water applied to the soiland the enormous quantities of wat-er released to the atmosphere bytranspiration from the variety offarm crops why many people havecome to the conclusion that humidityis increasing. To say that there hasbeen no increase probably is not

strictly true, but the magnitude ofchange is not detectable in the arrayof data. Annual humidity averages,when arranged in order of ascendingvalues, show the maximum occurringin 1957while the number of acre-feet of water used increased by 25%,and total acreage of farm land in-creased by 21% from 1957 to 1962.Little or no relationship appearsto exist between annual mean tem-MONTHLY AVERAGE.COACHELLA VALLEY'SMEAN RELATIVE HUMIDITY(1949-1963)January 49%February 41%March 36%April 33%May 30%June 27%July 32%August 34%September 33%October 35%November 41%December 47%

peratures and humidity, but there isa correlation between annual rainfalland humidity.Since no correlation can be foundbetween humidity and crop acreage,or between humidity and irrigation,it must be concluded that agriculturehas not increased humidity. This isexactly as would be expected, for thetotal acreage under cultivation is ex-ceedingly small compared to that ofthe surrounding valley and moun-tains. It should be noted too, thatthe Salton Sea, covering some 330,000acres in the southern portion of thevalley, and with an annual evapora-tion rate of 68 inches, exerts only aminor influence on Coachella Valleyclimate. Sand and desert vegetationextend to the water's edge, and tem-peratures are moderated only a com-paratively short distance from theSea. It would seem to us that thisshould put to rest, once and forall, the often heard statement that

swimming pools are a contributingfactor in the humiditylDate gardens and cultivated fieldsmoderate temperature and humidityonly in the immediate vicinity andmore often within their borders.When you observe the topography ofthe Coachella Valley and other irri-gated desert valleys, and realize thetremendous volume of air flowingthrough them, when you note themixing effects of mountain and val-ley breezes and the turbulence creat-ed by surface heating; then you real-ize that agriculture does not, and can-not affect the humidity of these greatdesert valleys. / / /



11/40

CAMERAE d i t e d B y F r a n k J e n s e nThe desert photographer has athis disposal awealth ofmaterial thatruns the gamut from human interestand outdoor action material toland-scapes. Probably nowhere in theworld, other than inthe great Ameri-

INTRODUCING . .Desert CameraFor amateur andprofession-al photographers the desertarea ofthe Southwest is a landof contrasts and a continuingchallenge. Where there aredeep shadows andlightoneminute there will be brilliantcolor thenext, only tofade in-to a"nopicture" within amat-ter of seconds.Starting with theJuly issueFrank Jensen will edit our new"Desert Camera" feature.Oneof thebest photographer-writ-er s in the Southwest, Mr. Jensenwill also have suggestionsfrom other nationally knownphotographers, plus sugges-tions you might want tosharewith DESERT readers.A resident of Cedar City,Utah, Mr.Jensen taughtpho-tography at theUniversity ofUtah andforseven years was

a writer-photographer for aUtah metropolitan nev/spaper.He isnowa free lance pho-tographer-writer and isequallyadept athandling a typewriter,still cameras and16mm. mo-tion picture equipment.can deserts of theSouthwest, is thescenery more striking, orthesunsetsmore brilliant. And theriver rat,nomadic Navajo Indian, and cow-hand arestill very much a part ofthe desert scene.It matters little whether you areequipped with asimple boxcamera,or have cameras, lenses, andacces-

sories that allow you toexplorethefull range ofphotography. The im-portant thing isyouenjoy creatinga picture onfilm, and you want toshare theresults ofyour labors withothers.Here isone idea for astarter.Be-fore you make that next trip to thedesert, plan afewbasic picture ideasin advance which you can incorporateinto a film slide presentation, ormake the layout inthe family albumsomething more than a conglomera-tion of snapshots. Atrip tocollectrocks, for example, if recorded onfilm, might include the followingphotographs:

1. Loading thefamily vehicle, withfather handing picks andotherparaphernalia to other membersof thefamily.2 . Vehicle traveling a back countryroad. Include adistant shot of the4-wheel or truck, amedium shot

from 10-15 feet ofthe4-wheel ap-proaching, anda close-up in thejeep with thefamily in thefore-ground.3 . Hiking away from the vehicle, Jun-ior in the foreground carryingrock collecting equipment.4 . Various shots ofthe family collect-ing. Include overall andmediumshots ofrock collecting, along withsome closeups ofrocks.

The photographer whowants toelaborate on this type ofpre-planningcan make upacomplete script in ad-vance, put hisnarration ontape (co-ordinated ofcourse with hispictures),add appropriate musical background,and come upwith a first class slidepresentation. Or, if youaresimplyadding snapshots to thefamily al-bum, putyour pictures inchronologi-cal order, and use captions totell thestory.This writer does not pretend to bean authority onanyparticular fieldof photography, but onewho has re-

cently graduated from therank ofadvanced amateurs. Therefore, I feelI might appreciate theproblem ofthe amateur photographer perhapsmore than the"oldpro"who hasbeen inthebusiness foryears. Thiscolumn also invites thecommentsofreaders and their ideas and criticisms.Photographers who have a"feel"forthe desert country should share theirexperiences.Future columns will deal with suchsubjects asequipment care inthe des-ert, motion picture techniques for thedesert photographer, exposures, useof filters indesert photography,cap-turing human interest, and ofcourse,ideas submitted bythe readers. / / /

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12/40


13/40


14/40

Owens Lake to the San Fernando Res-ervoir.A short distance beyond the siphonis a small hill called Blue Point. Herethe Daves Mining Company carrieson one of the largest roofing rockoperations in the state. G ranulatedfragments in all the variegated colorsof the spectrum are milled and sack-

ed at this desert site for commercialdistribution. The surrounding slopesare bathed in fairyland hues thatseem to vary with every step of thesun's course.At Blue Point the oiled pavementends, and for the next 15 miles thehard-packed dirt road twists andturns and loops over rocky treeless

LO O KING WEST ON THE RO AD WINDING DOW N TO THE BU RNING MO SCOW MINE

W 'MIII *-.

mk^, '-i .WEATHERED TREE TRUNKS LIE ACROSS THE MAIN SHAFT OP E NING O F THE B UR NING MO SCOW MINE

About the Author-R i c h a r d C . B a i l e y j o i n e d t he K e r n C o u n t y M u s e u m s t a f f as a s s is t a n t d i r e c t o r i n 1 9 4 8 a n d b e c a m ed i r e c t o r i n 1 9 5 5 , th e p o s i t i o n h e h o l d s t o d a y . A r e s i d e n t o f B a k e r s f ie l d , B a i le y is " t r a i l b o s s " o ft h e Ke r n C o u n t y M u s e u m E x p l o r e r s , a g r o u p w h i c h f o r t h e p a s t fi v e y e a rs h as t a k e n i n n u m e r a b l et r i p s t o h i s t o r ic s i te s i n a l l c o r n e r s o f t he c o u n t y ' s 8 0 00 s qu a r e m i le s . H e i s p a s t p r e s i d e n t o f t h eW e s t e r n Mu s e u m s L e a g u e a n d t he K e rn C o u n t y H i s t o r ic a l S o c i e t y , a n d is p r e s e n t l y c h a ir m a n o f t h eF o rt T e j o n R e s t o r a t io n C o m m i t t e e . H e is a ls o s e c o n d v i c e p r e s i d e n t o f t he D e a t h V a l l e y ' 4 9 e r s .

ridges until it surmounts the finalrise overlooking Kelso Valley. Th iscrest is at an elevation of 5000 feet.From here the descent is in easystages to the valley floor, a thousandfeet below.Arid Kelso Valley is eight mileslong and three miles wide at itswidest poin t. Profuse grow ths ofsagebrush and Joshua trees cover itssurface, but a strong contrast is pro-

vided by the Piute Range whichboun ds the basin on the west. Onits rugged slopes are magnificentstands of oak and pine.When the whiteman first came toKelso, he found the land "occupied"by the Kawaiiusu Indians, an off-shoot of the Southern Paiute orChemehuevi. Padre Garces encount-ered Kawaiiusus in nearby TehachapiValley in 1776, but referred to themas Cobaji. The Indians, however, call-ed themselves Nuwu "peo ple."Neighboring tribes credited themwith being powerful rain doctors,and among the Kawaiiusus the rich-est man automatically became chief.A few tribesmen still reside in andaround the valley, but no tribal unitsor rancherias remain. Only picto-graphs on rocks in the surroundingmountains provide evidence of theirformer presence.At the north-end of the valley theroad gradually ascends to return tothe 5000 foot level. Just over thecrest lies the abandoned workings of

the St. John Mine, dating back to1867. The present road runs directlythrough the diggings which in the1870s consisted of eight claims cover-ing 160 acres. Th e exact am oun t ofgold extracted here is unknown, butit was undoub tedly considerable. Inits March 21, 1868 issue, the HavilahCourier, at Bakersfield, reported that"the St. John Mine, at a clean-upsome weeks since, obtained $7,500after a week's run. Th e company ob-tained $9000 at the clean-up, after afortnight's run." Worked intermit-tently into the early 1940s, the prop-erty was finally abandoned due towater encroachmen t. Th e site is pres-ently marked by extensive rockdumps around a series of collapsedshafts.

In Kelso Canyon, two miles belowthe St. John, is the site of Sageland"trading center for the New EldoradoDistrict." Sageland was establishedfollowing the discovery of the St.John and several other promisingstrikes. Unfortunately, most of theseprospects proved illusory, and by1872 Sageland had retrogressed to aghost camp.



15/40

At a spot near its lower extremity,Harris Grade stems off to the west upPiute Mountain toward Claraville.Located nine miles above Sagelandat an elevation of 7000 feet, Clara-ville was born in the early 1860s. Itwas named for Clara Munckton, thefirst white girl in camp. But a prettyname does not insure success, and inthe June 22, 1869, Havilah Couriera correspondent wrote, " . . .we pass-ed the site of Claraville, once a beau-tiful village, but now totally desertedover a dozen houses, neat and com-fortable in appearance without a sol-itary tenant."The buildings mentioned abovehave disappeared. T he last remain-ing structure, a log-and-board jus-tice court, was dismantled and truck-ed to Bakersfield several years agowhere it will become a restored exhib-it in the county's Pioneer Village.Though Claraville's brief springtimehas passed, the oaks and pine that

once sheltered the miners' cabins re-main, while over along the course ofKelso Creek the placer working scarsremain.Three-and-a-half miles up HarrisGrade from Sageland a small incisedForest Service sign gives directionsto the "Bu rning Moscow Mine 2Miles." The rutted track leadingdown to this mine-with-the-intrigu-ing-name is extremely steep andshould be attempted only by thosehaving vehicles with four-wheel pow-er. Hardy w alkers can make the four-

mile roundtrip without difficulty.Located in a gorge overlooking thesame Kelso Creek that flows throughthe meadow 1000 feet above, theBurning Moscow was discovered in1867, thus making it contemporarywith the St. Joh n. Originally knownas Harrold's Mine, its name waschanged to Burning Moscow for noapparent reason. Perhaps it was sheerwhimsy! Irrespective of its nam e, themine proved a rich one and contin-ued to be productive for many years.According to a local informant, 1932was the last year any work was con-ducted at the old diggings.

Today the main shaft lies about100 yards from the foot of the accessroad, its opening partially coveredby a few rough-hewn planks and treetrunks. The shoring appears un-stable and the shaft should be ap-proached with care. Lower down theslope toward the creek can be seencollapsed openings of drifts that aresaid to run deep into the precipitousface of the canyon wall. The m inerswho labored here must have enjoyedthe magnificent panorama of the sur-Continued on page 37

CLARAVILLE 'S LAST B U I L D ING -THE JUSTICE COURT - ERECTED IN THE 1860s.PICTURE WAS TAKEN, THE EDIFICE W AS TRUCKED TO THE P IONEER V I LLAGE SO O N AFTER THISAT BAKERSFIELD.

5 i f i \ ,JTo BISHOP

M O R T O N R U N T o B A R STOWTo LANCASTER E . L A .


16/40

IN THE MIDST OF MODE R NISM, MANY SOUTHWEST INDIANS CO NTINUE WITH THE OL D WAYST O P PH O T O : N e w M e x i c o I n d i a n s s t il l m a k e a d o b e b r ic k s b y t h e " w a f f l e - b e d " m e t h o d . L O W E R LE FT :A n I n d i a n w o m a n a t t h e p u e b l o o f I s l e t a , 1 2 m i le s s o u t h o f A l b u q u e r q u e , r e m o v e s b r e a d f r o m ab e e h i v e o v e n . L OW E R R I G H T : T he T e w a s p e a k i n g p u e b l o o f S a n J u a n i s s u r r o u n d e d b y t h e c u l t u r eo f th e w h i t e m a n , b u t t h e h o rs e - d r a w n w a g o n h as n o t b e e n r e p la c e d b y t h e a u t o m o b i l e .



17/40

W h a tPr iceAccul tura t ion?

A R e p o r t on the A m e r i c a n I n d i a n s ' D i l e m m aW ILL T H E Indian s of Ar izonaand New Mexico lose theircultural identi ty under theimpact of job opportunit ies, integrat-ed schooling, and T V (the lattermaking its way into some of the mostprim itive dwellings) ?

This question, in one form oranother, has been troubling tr iballeaders, social planners, and anthro-pologists for a good many years. T heanswer is by no means easy to comeby .It's a bit trite to say it all beganwith Columbus, but certainly i t gota start with the covered wagon. Allduring the pioneer period, govern-ment agents, teachers, and mission-

aries worked among Indians on res-ervations and land-grants. Wells weredug , livestock con trolled. A schoolwas buil t here, a church there.To the Indians, most of it was in-trusion. They sat in their kivas andother council chambers, longing for"the good old days"at least the dayswhen there were no palefaces around.For the most part, their policy wasone of passive resistance.They accepted the water from thewells, saw their sheep and goats in-

creased or reduced. They sent theirchildren to school, and a few attend-ed the "wh ite man 's kiva." But thetendency was to cling tenaciously totheir own life-way, their own meth-ods of religious expression.Eighty years or more of this result-ed in a stalem ate. Fou r decades intothe 20th Century, Indians of theSouthwest were still living at a sortof "stone age plus" cultural level.And most of them were quite satis-fied with it.Then Pearl Harbo r! In the west-ern sea. Beyond the sunset.Whether palatable or not, this his-toric event c hange d a great deal

b y W. T H E T F O R D L e V I N E S Sabrup tly, pe rman ently for South-west Indians.

Enlistment of Indians began atonce. Young men of many tribeswent on the warpath with otherAmericans in every corner of theworld. In military installations inall sections of the United States, In-dians saw for the first time how theirfellow-countrymen lived. They likedsome of the things they saw andwere determined to adapt them athome after the war.The biggest boon to acculturationin the Southwest, however, was LosAlamos, the "atomic city" in theJemez Mountains near Santa Fe.It was built during the war asa part of the nation's top-secret "Man-hattan project ." The location waswithin an hour's drive of five IndianpueblosSan Juan, Santa Clara, SanIlclefonso, Xambe, and Tesuque.There was a manpower shortage, andIndians in these towns wanted jobs.Many of them were hired. Menwho were farmers and women whow ere p o tt er y - m a ke rs c o u l d n ' t d omuch that required technical skill,but they made good immediately, asjanitors and chambermaids. Sometook on-the-job-training for more ad-vanced work. They were useful atLos Alamos because of two strikingcharacteristics of their heritageun-lettered allegiance to the UnitedStates, and the ability to keep silentwhen told it was necessary.Most of these Indians had neverbefore held salaried jobs. Thousands

of dollars in payrolls each weekchanged the whole concept of livingfor scores of them and their families.Men unsuited to the armed services

took floor-sweeping jobs at the pro-ject at S150 a mo nth. Wo men withhusbands or brothers overseas madebeds in the barracks at .8125. Thesewages were fabulous in their soil-rooted economy.After the Japanese surrender, thosewho wished to remain were kept onby the post-war Atomic Energy Com-mission. The y (and many new em-ployees from the pueblos, of course)got the benefit of even higher salaries,due to several all-around pay in-creases.Communi ty improvement was afirst demand. Tesuque, the pueblonearest Santa Fe, provides an exam-ple of what happened.Tesuque is a compact village inwhich nearly all the houses face eachother aroun d a ceremonial plaza. Asis the case in all Indian pueblos, thepolitical organization is theocratic.Since prehistoric times, power hasbeen vested in a kiva council, a smallgroup of male elders elected annual-ly. Even though it was the youngerpeople who were earning the big sal-aries, nothing affecting the wholepueblo could be done without con-sent of the council.The old sages approved an elec-tric line, but stipulated that everyhome in town must participate.Technicians were lorbidden to putup poles in the plaza, or to run wiresacross ii. Ho uses of the poor werewired free; thus, every family in thecommunity benefit ted by the coun-cil's decision.Electric cookers, washing machines,

vacuum cleaners, and curling ironsbecame common household i tems atTe suq ue. A few mon ths after cu rrentwas turned on, hardly a home was


18/40

without a radio. TV proved just aspopular when it became available.Today it is commonplace in this vil-lage for men with shoulder-lengthhair and women wrapped in blanketsto sit for hours watching the usualHollywood output of detective thril-lers, situation comedies, and "west-erns." (Of the latter, those featuringIndian fighters get the most laughs.)This is what has happened, with

variations of course, in most Indiansettlements of the Southwest in thepast 20 years. The process is stillgoing on. Taos and a few of theHopi towns have resisted change, butnot without damaging rifts betweenolder and younger segments of popu-lation.Pueblo Indians remain rooted tothe soiland the sacred dance plaza.Most of the men are still farmers, thewomen housewives. Relatively fewtake jobs too far from home to at-tend and participate in fiestas

held with unceasing regularitythrou gho ut the year. Kiva councilsfrom San Juan to Walpi cooperateby scheduling many of these eventson Saturdays and Sundays. In fact,about the only ones not held on week-ends nowadays are those in Tewa-and Keres-language villages of NewMexico, in honor of Catholic saintswhose feasts happen to fall on week-days.It's different with some of the otherIndians of the Southwest. Many of

the tribes have lost their ceremoniesor are in the process of seeing themdisintegrate. Often the young peopletake little or no interest in carryingthem on. Most tribes, however, haveencampments or gatherings of somekind at least once a year; at these,the old rituals are sometimes given.But many have no religious signifi-cance; they have become tourist at-tractions only, and there is in a fewcases even a carnival atmosphere.Emphasis on so-called "progress"has done much to bring this about.

Mescalero Apaches of New Mexico,for instance, are now active in poli-tics; their children attend integratedstate-operated public schools. Theyhave established a huge tribal enter-prise at "The Summit," the highestpoint on U. S. 70 where it crosses thereservation between Roswell and Ala-mogordo.They rent motel units in the shapeof tepees, operate a well-equipped ser-vice station, with an arts-and-craftsshop and restaura nt near-by. Oncea year, around the Fourth of July,they hold a four-day encampment.The daytime events include baseballand rodeo. Each night the Crown

Dance (erroneously called the "DevilDance") is held, and the year's cropof debutantes dance inside a ceremon-ial tepee. There is also a round dance,and visitors may join in the fun.The dances themselves are authen-tic to the last detail of costume, andthe whole after-dusk program takesplace around a central bonfire. Butthere are also strings of electric lights,and hamburger stands and a loud-

speaker to announce the numbers.Other Indian events in the South-west are staged with modern props,too. Notable are the Gallup Inter-tribal Ceremonial, the Flagstaff Pow-Wow, and several all-Indian fairs. Butpresent-day Navajo "sings," alongwith Pueblo rituals, are somethingof an exception.The Navajo reservation, largest inthe United States, covers portions ofNew Mexico, Arizona, and U tah. Nav-ajos have lost some of their richest

ceremonialism under the pressures ofacculturation in this century, but afew of the great healing rites remain.The Fire Dance, given at dawn on awinter morning in a setting of onlysagebrush and burning logs, is asauth entic and beautiful as ever. So isthe Yeibechai, with its rhythmic, aes-thetic dance of the Plumed Prayer-Sticks.Just how long the ancient wayswill last, even among the Pueblosand Navajos, is anybody's guess. Thetrend today is toward economic bet-

terments, and along these lines therehave been achievements.Uranium, oil and gas were discov-ered on the Navajo reservation, andthe tribe leases, under governmentsupervision, much of its land to large-scale mining operations. Mining areasare also leased by Papago Indians ofsouthern Arizona.Papagos also flood the labor mar-ket in the vicinity with seasonal agri-cultural workers. A few have enteredthe cattle business. One source of in-

come for poor Papago families is tra-ditional sharing of money and goodsby prosperous kinsmen. Th e magni-tude of this "interfamily generosity"is not known.At least two Southwestern tribescapitalize on the scenic splendors oftheir reservations. White MountainApaches of east-central Arizona runwhat they call a "reception enter-prise," involving boating and fishingon their several high-altitude lakes.And Navajos are "selling" their sand-stone monoliths and variegated des-ert vistas by developing roads andtourist accommodations in a spacioustribal park, comprising Monument

Valley and other parts of northeast-ern Arizona.All this tends to bring the Indianof the region closer and closer to theways of the "average American;" toan ever-increasing degree, he "con-forms." But noth ing has speeded theacculturation process so much as off-reservation employment, especiallythe government program known as"relocation."There has been limited job-takingaway from home for years. Hopishave had many kinds of work inFlagstaff, Winslow, and other Arizonacities; Navajos have found employ-ment from Denver to San Diego. Inthe past decade or so, however, theBureau of Indian Affairs has en-couraged this sort of thing on a grandscale.The purpose of the relocation pro-gram is to get jobs for Indiansthrough regular channels in Ameri-can industry. Those who enroll fortraining are sent, at government ex-pense, to vocational schools in largecities of the nation. Many go to LosAngeles, but some are sent as farfrom home as Chicago, Cleveland, orNew York. If all goes well, they areable to get jobs as skilled workers atsalaries comparable to those paidnon-Indians.Then the government moves thefamily to the relocation center. Atthis stage the individual is consider-ed "adjusted." Far removed from theways of his forefathers, he and hisfamily join the neighborhood churchand any clubs or organizations theychoose. The children attend cityschools. Now thoroughly "conform-ists," they become Indian Babbitts.This is the bright side of the pic-ture, from the government point ofview. Unfortunately, not all Indianscan "adjust." Tale s of Indians on"skid row" in cities across the nationhave been with the relocation pro-gram from the beginning . Many re-turn home disillusionedexamples of

failure to bridge the gap from oneculture to another.Leaders in Indian Tribes through-out the Southwest say they want ahigher standard of living for them-selves and their peoples. They alsoexpress a wish to retain the old re-ligious and cultural values which setthem apart as Indians. From ancienttimes these values have been closelyassociated with the land they occu-pied.The farther Indians stray fromtheir land and the longer they stayaway, the more of their cultural her-itage they lose. The loss seems to bethe inevitable price of acculturation.



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NAV AJO INDIANS IN RE LO CATION WOR K IN WESTERN CITIEST O P PH O T O : A y o u n g w o m a n o p e r a t e s a w i n d o w s ha d e l o o m a t a S a u s a li to , C a l i fo r n i a , p l a n t . H e rb a c k g r o u n d i n n a t iv e r u g w e a v i n g c o n t r i b u t e d t o h e r q u a l i fy i n g f o r t hi s j o b . L O W E R L E FT : T he S o u t hS a n F ra n c i s co ta n k m a n u f a c t u r i n g f i r m h i r i n g t h i s N a v a j o r e g a r d s h i m a s o n e o f i t s b e s t e m p l o y e e s . H eha s l e a r n e d t o o p e r a t e a b o u t e v e r y p ie c e o f he a v y e q u i p m e n t i n t he p l a n t . L O W E R R I G H T : A f o r m e rT u b a C i t y re s i d e n t a t w o r k i n a L os A n g e l e s l e a t he r m a n u f a c t u r in g c o m p a n y .

July, 1963 / Desert Magazine / 19


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A L A K EIS B O R NJ a c k P e p p e r

A POWER-BOAT CRUISES TO WITHIN HAILING DISTANCE OF G L E N C A N Y O N DAM

W HEN Major John Wesley Pow-ell led the first expedition ofwhitemen down the ColoradoRiver in 1869, he one-armed explor-er carved the name of his expeditionon a canyon wall 500-feet below thetop of a perpendicular cliff. Un-doubtedly the intrepid adventurer ex-pected his name, like prehistoric In-

dian petroglyphs, to remain throughthe ages as a historic landmark.Today it has disappeared beneaththe dammed waters of the once tur-bulent Colorado.Held back by the $325,000,000 GlenCanyon Dam which was completedin time to catch this spring's runoff,Lake Powell protests and fights likea giant refusing to be tamed as itrises a foot a day, gradually inundat-ing the canyonlands between Utahand Arizona. But tamed it will be.By 1966 it is estimated that one mil-lion visitors annually will seek relax-ation in the Glen Canyon Recrea-tion Area.Containing some of the world'smost fantastic scenery and geologicalformations, Colorado River canyon-

lands were formerly accessible bystrenuous tours conducted by veter-

an river-runners. Today they may beviewed by easy-going lake boaters.Nevertheless, these colorful river-run-ners remain an active part of thescene.In addition to contributing theirexperience and know-how to the Na-

tional Park Service, these modern-day Major Powells, who know everycrook and creek of the Colorado andits tributaries, will continue throughthis summer to make some of the river-runs in up-river waters. Veteranguides will also operate some of thenew boating concessions and instituteguided tours on the lake, providingthe novice and non-boat owner withcomplete service and equipment.(A list of these guides and theirareas covered was run in the Mayissue of DESERT. Unfortunately, one

of thepioneers and first to be grant-ed a boating concession on Lake20 / Desert Magazine / July, 1963


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GLEN CANYON RECREATION AREALAKE POWE LL PUBLIC-USE FACILITIES PL ANNEDBY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

Powell, was omitted. He is ArtGreene of Canyon Tours, Inc., Wah-weap Lodge, P. O. Box 1356, Page,Arizona.)Although Glen Canyon Dam, l ikeits predecessor, Hoover Dam, which

forms Lake Mead between Arizonaand Nevada, was buil t primarily forwater storage and flood control, itwas realized that the lake would bea major tourist attrac tion. As a re-sult , the Glen Canyon National Rec-reation Area was established by theUn ited States Congress. It is adm inis-tered by the Bureau of Reclamationand the National Park Service.With headquar ters a t Wahweap,seven miles from Page, Superinten-dent James Eden and his able staffof the National Park Service are

doing a superior job, considering themany unknown factors such as esti-mating how rapidly the water willrise and to what height at a giventime."Public desire and demand for im-mediate development and expansionof recreational facilities to permitbeneficial use of the maximumamount of Lake Powell's 186 milesof length is a real force," Mr. Edenexplained."To meet this obligation, the Na-

C A S T L E B U T T ER o a d & B o a t A c c e s sMarinaF o o d & L o d g i n gC a m p g r o u n d & P i c n i c AT r a i l e r V i l l a g e . S t o r ej w i m m i n g B e a c h

BULLFROG BASINR o a d , B o a t & A i r A c c e s sMarinaF o o d & L o d g i n gC a m p g r o u n d & P i c n i c A r e aT r a i l e r V i l l a g e , S t o r e

O IL SE E P B A Rt A c c e s sB o s t Mo o r a g eC a m p g r o u n d & P i c n i c AL i m i t e d L o d g i n g s

HOLE-IN-THE-ROCKad . B o a t & A i r A c c e s st Mo o r a g eF o o d & L o d g i n gC a m p g r o u n d & Pi cn i c A r eT r a i l e r V i l l a g e , S t o r e s

WAHWEAP BASINR o a d , B o a t , A i r A c c e s sMarinaF o o d & L o d g i n gC a m p g r o u n d & P i c n i c A r e aT r a i l e r V i l l a g e , S t o r e s , S w i m m i n g B e a c h

WARM CREEK^ o a d . B o a t & A i r AF o o d & LC a m p g r o u n d & P i c n i c A r e a sT r a i l e r V i l l a g e , S t o r e sS w i m m i n g B e a c hLEE'S FERRY I fRoad A cce ss / ' i ^ .Mar ina

P i c n i c A r e a

A Word of CautionOfficials of the Glen Can-yon National Recreation Areaand the veteran river guidescaution boat captains to ad-here to the following:Be sure your boat is in ex-cellent operating condition.Carry sufficient fuel, plus anextra can for emergencies, asthere are few boats on the

lake.

Inform operators where youlaunch your boat, where youare going and when you ex-pect to return.Check with informed sourcesrelative to areas where youwill find beaches and firewood,since the rising lake is con-stantly changing the complex-ion of the shoreline. Remem-ber, much of the water area isstill between sheer canyonwalls.

Carry tools, water, food anda flashlight.Watch for floating driftwoodwhich may be prevalent whilethe lake rises.For the protection of all con-cerned, water skiing will beprohibited this summer due tonarrow channels and the drift-wood problem. As soon asconditions change, it will be

announced.July, 1963 / Desert Magazine / 21


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ALTHOUGH M Y S T E R IO U S I N L E T S S UC H A S T H I S O N E W I L L D IS A P PE A R A S T H E W A T E R S R I S E , T H ENE W L A KE W I L L G I V E B O A T E R S A C H A N C E T O S EE C O U N T R Y N E V E R B EFO R E V I S IT E D B Y W H I T E M E N .

tional Park Service has planned foraccess, facilities, and services on thelakeshore at seven widely spaced lo-cations: Wahweap, Warm Creek,Hole-in-the-Rock, Oil Seep Bar, Hall'sCrossing, and Hite. In addition,floating docks and other public-useinstallations will be provided at theRainbow Bridge landing, where visit-ors may disembark for the relativelyshort hike to Ranibow Bridge. Ac-cessible now only by a combinationof boat and hiking travel or a longhorseback ride, this world famousnatural attraction will receive vastlyincreased visitation as the filling of

Lake Powell FishingWhen going to Lake Powelltake your fishing gear, butdon't expect to find an IsaacWalton paradise this year.In a coordinated effort, theU. S. Fish and Wildlife Serviceand the Game and Fish Depart-ments of Utah and Arizona

have planted approximatelyseven million small trout andbass in Lake Powell this spring.This is only the start of a pro-gram which will eventuallymake the lake one of the bestfishing spots in the nation.Officials warn, however, thatthe fish planted this spring willnot be of catchable size until1964. However, who can re-sist throwing a line into anybod y of wa ter? After all,there's always a chance.

M R . A N D M R S . J . W . S T E V E N S O N , A N D L LO Y D J A R V I S , O F I N D I O , E X A MI N E PE T R IFIE D W O O DT H E Y FO U N D O N T H E S H O R E O F T H E N E W L A K E . T H E A R E A A B O U N D S I N U N US U A L R O C KS .

Lake Powell makes convenient travelby boat a reality."It is estimated that $16,000,000 willbe spent during the next 10 years forthe development of government facili-ties in the area. Th is does not in-clude hundreds of thousands of dol-lars which will be spent by conces-sions for the development of the mar-inas at the six boat landings men-tioned by Mr. Eden.For a lake which will eventuallystretch 186 mileswith 1800 miles of



23/40

B O ATING EXPE DITIONS ARE ALREADY EXPL OR ING THE LAKE AND ITS MANY TRIBU TARY CANY O NS. MEMBER S OF THE PAS-ADENA POWER SQU ADRO N, WHO TOOK F IVE BO ATS ON A THREE -DAY EXP EDITIO N, RETURN FR OM THEIR JUNKET NEAR WAHWEAP .

shorelinesix major boating facilities,plus smaller emergency areas, doesnot seem many. The problem, officialsexplain, is getting to the launchingsites by road. T he Colorado canyon-lands is one of the most rugged areasin the world. It is a land of sawcutcanyons, towers, buttes, spires, sheercliffs and domes carved from colorfulsandstone formations by the forces oferosion through centuries of time.Anyone who visits the area will re-turn, for it is breathtakingly beauti-ful. But for engineers it is not con-ducive to the building of roads.Hence, the relatively small numberof launching sites.

As this article appears, temporaryboat launching facilities are avail-able on the north shore at Wahweap,seven miles from Page, Arizona, siteof the Glen Canyon Dam. Art

Greene, veteran river-runner andowner of Glen Canyon Tours, Inc.,which will operate the Wahweap con-cession, has built a floating boatlanding which will gradually moveas the lake fills until it reaches anarea where he is building a perman-ent marina, to be one of the largestin the Southwest

He recently completed a new moteloverlooking the lake site and a res-taurant and lounge to be leased bywellknown restauranteur Whit Par-ry, who also operates Parry Lodge inKanab. Overnight accommodationsare also available at Page.Public camping grounds, parkingareas, picnic areas and other facilities

for visitors and campers are availableat Wahweap through the NationalPark Service. These will increase asother areas develop.

It is possible that Castle Butte boat-ing site, 147 miles upstream from thedam, may be in operation when thisarticle appears. When water reachesthis point it will have covered Hite,former site for launching river boats.For information relative to this area,contact the National Park Service,Glen Canyon National RecreationArea, Page, Arizona, or the profession-al guides listed in that area.

As stated before, professional guideswill continue to arrange river-runsin this area for the final year duringthe summer of 1963. A copy of theMay issue of DESERT containingtheir names and addresses may be ob-tained by writing to DESERT.Other concessions mentioned byMr. Eden probably will not be inoperation befor late summer or nextyear, with the exception of a floating


24/40

I

P A ST E L C O L O R E D C L IF F S O F T H E C O L O R A D O R I V E R A N D T H E B U T TE S B E Y O N D D W A R F A B O A T A T K A N E CR E E K . W I T H T HEW A TE R R I S I N G F I V E F E E T A f t V Y , T HE L A N D I N TH E F O R E G R O U N D A N D TH E CL I F F S I N TH E CE N T E R W IL L S O O N B E C O V -E R E D B Y T HE P L A C I D W A TE R S O F L AK E P O W E L L , A F F O R D I N G V I S IT O R S A S P E C TA CU L A R V I E W O F TH E B U T TE S B E Y O N D .

boat landing at The Narrows, en-trance to famous Rainbow Bridge,one of the scenic wonders of theworld

Officials warn there will NOT befuel or other supplies at The Nar-row s or Az tec Creek. Th ey are 60miles from Wahweap and 100 milesfrom Hite or Castle Butte, so boatersshould carry enough fuel for roundtrips.As water of the once wild ColoradoRiver rises toward its 500-foot goal toform what will eventually be the

largest man-made lake in America,many famous landmarks of the riverwill disappear forever.

"Wild Rivers" StudyAs one stretch of wild riveris being tamed, the Depart-ments of Interior and Agricul-ture have turned their at ten-t ion to the preservation andconservation of the nat ion's re-maining "wi ld r ivers" par t icu-larly sui ted to outdoor recrea-tion.The Secretaries of Interiorand Agr i cu l t u re announced ap-pointment of a five-man team

to study the problem of shrink-ing wild river facilities and ex-pandi ng publ i c demand.

Conversely, as the water reachesinto mysterious canyons, creeping in-to areas never before seen by white-men, it will disclose to exploringboaters exciting country seen for thefirst time. Who knows what prehis-toric treasurers lie buried in theseonce inaccessible canyons?

Undoubtedly there wil l be signs ofprehistoric Indian cultures, maybeeven bones of giant sloth and dino-saur which roamed the country mil-lions of years ago. And, of course,there is always the possibility of find-ing the Seven Cities of Cibola andthe never-discovered my thical orwere they?cities with streets pavedof go ld . / / /24 / Desert Magazine / July, 1963


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START NOW TO ENJOY THEFASCINATING HOBBY OF GEMAND MINERAL COLLECTINGThe Southwest abounds in gems andm i ner a l s .S ta r t co l l ec t i ng n o w ! Use thef i nes t g e m cu t t i ngand pol i sh ing equipment formaximum pleasureand p r o f i t .C h o o s e the f i n e s t - H I G H L A N D P A R K - a r b o r s , tum-b l e r s , b e l t s a n d e r s , t r i m s a w s . 45 M o d e l s a v a i l a b l e .

Send 50c or beautiful illustrated catalof.Highland Park M ANU F ACT U R I NGCO.1 0 0 9 - 1 0 1 5 MISSIO N ST. * SO. PASADENA, CALIF.DEPT. DM-8

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N O R T H E R N A R I Z O N AVacation in thebeautiful scenic wonders,in the cool pines, of Oak Creek Canyon.Year 'round trout fishing at your door.

Photographers' ( J 3 F l Y j $ tParadise \5*5^Don Hoels Cabins"In the h e a r t ofOakC r e ek C an y on "

24 completely furnished housekeeping cabins.Write DON HOEL, OwnerOak Creek Route, Flagstaff, ArizonaPhone AT 2-356020 miles south of Flagstaff, on89A.

E N J O Y . . N E W M E XICO 'SI N D I A NC E R E M O N I A LAUGUST8, 9, 10, 11GALLUP, NEWMEXICOWrite for FreeLis t of I n d i a n B o o k s

INDIAN CEREMONIALBO X 1029 G A L L U P, NEW MEXICO

C O O L I D E A FORD E S E R T R O O F I N G

Even though this home's regular roof is already completedcoveredwith paper and white rockt can be made cooler. Additional 2x6rafters are laid atop roof as shown above (two-foot or four-foot centerspacing), and bolted together at hip. This provides the foundation fortop covering of redwood or cedar strips.

Photo above shows the completed second roof. Large air-gap under2x6 rafters allows plenty of cooling air circulation, which preventsbuild-up of heat inside attic. The 1x2 or 1x3wood slats nailed to oprafters are spaced slightly apart to increase air circulation even more.Result is an extra air space, less heat load on the home, faster dissi-pation of heat. One thought to bear in mind: what if the regular roofleaks? How could it be repaired without having to tear out the secondroof? In the Salton Sea area, where this home is located, the averageannual rainfall is three inchesa leaking roof is a slight nuisance,at worst. / / /


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QUILL IAM SNOOPS AROUND FOR THEBEST TRAIL TO THEARCH IN THE BACKGROUND

W i th aP O R C U P I N E

By A. T.RUGGERI


THE BEST Utah back-countryguide I ever had was a porcu-pine. He offered no commen-tary, but showed me new pathsthrough familiar ground. His nameis Quilliam, and he literally fell intohis job when he crashed out of aponderosa pine and almost into thearms of my 11-year-old son, William,who joyfully adopted him.For Quilliam, the boy-beast friend-ship developed slowly, but after con-suming loaves of bread, pounds ofcarrots and as many rose petals ashe could steal, the porcupine decidedthat bark was never so good, andhome is where you eat best.

One day,William and Quilliam in-vited me to take a tour with them.I accepted, expecting a leisurelywalk since I thought porcupines didnothing but waddle and grumblealong. This is not so. They haveadventuresome, galloping spirits. Alsostubborn and determined, porcupineshave intelligence that has been muchunderrated.Following Quilliam, we scrambledup red rock domes near our Moabhome, slid down through juniper-filled crevices, panting to keep upwith our guide, who jaunted non-chalantly but constantly along. Hisspeed and agility were surprising.


27/40

Occasionally he loped, and our tripmight have ended as an unguidedtour had Quilliam made less noise,but on rock his long black clawsclicked like castanets; in brush herustled and rattled every twig anddry leaf.At one point, temperament over-powered him. He decided that thejourney was over and flattened him-self into obscurity beneath a stubby,

twisted juniper which grew out of afissure in a rock ledge. The creaturerefused to join us. W illiam, undis-turbed, merely said it was time toeat, produced from his pockets somedry bread and a carrot, which he putnear the tree, and began to call softly"Here, Quilliam. Here Quilliam."Soon our moody guide emerged.William explained that Quilliamcan't resist bread and carrots, whereasan earlier porcupine friend he oncehad could be tempted only with toma-

toes or seedless grapes.Quilliam, sitting up on his haun-ches like a fat bear, munched on hiscarrot which he grapsed in his fore-paws. His bulging , black marb le eyesshowed no fear. W hat a singularcreature! a dark brown, squaresnout; two enormous tobacco-coloredteeth; a hood of w hite h air 15pounds of cactus on legs.Quilliam looked soft enough tostroke. But, William did no t rec- ,ommend it. Let strangeness touch l


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KENT FROSTC A N Y O H L A N P S

JEEP TOURST h e F a m o u s U t a h N e e d l e s C o u n t r y , S a l t C r e e k ,A n g e l A r c h , C a s t le A r c h . H i s t o r ic a l M o r m o nT r a i l of 1880, L a k e P o w e l l S h o r e L i n e A r e a ,C a n y o n l a n d s C o u n t r y : I n c l u d i n g L a n d ofS t a n d i n g R o c k s , G r a n d V i e w P o i n t , U p he a v a lD o m e and M o n u m e n t C a n y o n .

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Phone 587-2787

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S e n d p e r s o n a l c he q u e , in t e r n a t i o n a l m o n e yo r d e r , b a n k d r a f t . Fr ee 16 p a g e l i s t of allA u s t r a l i a n G e m s t o n e s .AUSTRALIAN GEM T R A D I N G CO.294 Little Collins StreetMELBOURNE, C.I . AUSTRALIA

MACDONALD'SY O U CAN EASILY t u r n our kit i n t o ac o m p l e t e , p r o f e s s io n a l l o o k i n g , w e l l - b u i l tc a m p e r in j u s t a few h o u r s w i t h s i m p l eh a n d t o o l s . (Or c o m p l e t e l i n e for the manw h o w a n t s one a s s e m b l e d ) .STRONG STEEL TUBING framework and

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BOOT CAMPF O R ROCKHOUNDSB Y SIPNEY PH ILL IPS

MY FIRST experience with gempolishing occurred when I was

in the army and generallymaking this a better world for somelargely unappreciative relatives andsome sweethearts named Suzie. I wasthe editor of the newspaper at CampHaan, a sprawling, brave, eyesore ofa mushroomed post dangling betweenRiverside and Hemet.It was a typically new post; mean-ing that the accommodations weren'tby Hilton, and the food . . . well nomatter what the cook braised andbaked and bruised and burnt it al-ways came out stew! We also boasteda subpost in the desert, some 31scorched miles from Barstow, calledCamp Irwin.

The chaplain of our post came tome and said, "I understand that themorale is bad at Camp Irwin."I blanched worse than any almond.Poor morale had lost more wars thanSpam.

"Get out there once a week andorganize some sort of newspaper,"suggested the chaplain. "Get thatmorale up . . . or else. . ."So I hurried by army truck toCamp Irwin and took a reconnoiter-ing look through some of the hut-ments. I saw 800 pictures of loveliesin bathing suits. Morale was definite-

ly critical!I talked this matter over with theCommanding Officer, a Colonel who28 / Desert Magazine / July, 1963


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had soldiered all over the world andhad chronic indigestion to prove it.He said, "I have brought several gempolishing gadgets that I think willhelp keep the soldiers occupied intheir spare time."For an unguarded moment I re-garded him as though he were anenemy spy. Gem polishing gadgets!Tha t was in the same class with cut-ting out paper dolls! He saw the lookand silently led me to the recreationhall, where several saws and tumblersand the rest were installed. "Thismight help," he said somberly. "Thatis if you exploit it a bit.""I'll do my best," I promised, look-ing longingly at some nearby hills Ifelt inclined to head toward.

Bu t I decided to give the matter asquare shake. I doubled back to Bar-stow and spent some time there inthe library. I also talked to a fewprospectors, then returned to CampIrwin and did a first edition of theirpaper largely devoted to the felici-tous hobby of gem polishing. I bla-zoned that Camp Irwin was a mostfortunate location: why groupedaround it were beds of semi-preciousstones and petrified palm root andeven fossilized bones from million-year-old animals no longer with us.

I sort of intimated that the WarDepartment had graciously set thepost there so that the soldiers wouldhave access to the valuables. Mostposts had access to beer and girls andpizza and shooting-galleries and suchcommonplaces. But Camp Irwinnudged deposits of agate and opalsand what-have-you. Who knows?There might be preposterous rubiesaround, or sapphires, or better yet.

The rookies were intrigued. Be-fore, they had thought that rockswere just rocks and only suitable forthrowing at Colonels the momentthat a war ended. Their entire know-ledge of gems was rudimentary andthey likely thought they came polish-ed right from the ground, werepicked up and put into jewelry aftera few strokes of jeweler's rouge.The boys started to drift in, a bitself-consciously, and were given someof the fundamentals of making smallprizes from big ungainly chunks ofdiscolored stone. They took to it.Every soldier had either a wife or aslew of sweethearts whowould appre-ciate gems. If he had neither, he cer-tainly had a mother or sister, or adog who might appreciate somethingdecorative on his collar.On Sundays, when they weren'tmothering the anti-aircraft, the rook-ies would organize parties and,guided by some patriotic desert rat,

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BINDERSFOR YOURDESERTS: $3 each

WORTH SAVING. 81% of our readerssave their DESERTS for future refer-ence and reading pleasure.The best way to keepyour back issues is inour attractive specially-made loose-leaf BINDERS.Gold embossed on Spanish Grain Imi-tation Leather. Space for 12 magazineseasily inserted. A beautiful and prac-tical addition to your home book-shelf.Mailed postpaid from:Binder Dept., Desert MagazinePalm Desert, Calii.

Cal

196307 desert magazine 1963 july

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