197206 desert magazine 1972 june

8/14/2019 197206 Desert Magazine 1972 June

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JUNE, 1972 50c


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T H E B E T T E R B R E E DDESIGNED AND BUILT ESPECIALLY FOR TREASURE FINDINGThe history of D-Tex started in 1959 with a continuous record, of increased, production and im -proved detectors each year since.We designed and built the first solid sta te all transistor, B.F.O . De tector of conventional design tobe available to the public. By 1963 we had international distribution with D-Te x being shipped worldwide.

To celebrate our 14th successful year, we have introduced,, by far, our best an d, most universal de-tector yet, with higher sensitivity, better range and our new no-drift computerized circuits.

Bill Mahan w ith his all new for 72 D-Tex ProfessionalD-Tex is by far the most widely known and most highly regarded of the many firms offering trea-sure hunting equipment. T his is proven by the many w orld wide professional treasure hunters onsix continents who regard D-Tex as the key to their success.When you w ant to know which detector keeps operating, a nd under all conditions, from the arctic tothe tropics, ask the guys in the boondo cks, the unanimous choice . . . D-Tex . . . all the way.This year our all new for 72, with our all new computerized no drift gold precision handcrafted circuits. O ur completely new feather-weight, high "Q" coils, neiv soft rubber hand grip fortireless u se, plus o ur all American made parts and our unmatched lifetime, unconditional guarantee,is without doubt "The Better Breed".Every D-Tex is built of the best of precision American made componen ts and skill and time and patience and pride with its big performance advantages.PROUDLY BUILT PROUDLY OWNED

D-TEX IS FOR THE SERIOUS TREASURE HUNTERFor Full Information and Free il lustrated 1972 Catalog Plus True Treasure Finding Stories Write TodayP.O. Box 4 5 1 D - T E X E L E C T R O N I C S Garland, Texas 75040614 EASY ST. - PH . 272-26 22


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P U B L I S H E RE D I T O R

R G E B R A G A, Art DirectoiS T R O N G , Field Trip Editor

H O W A R D . Utah Associate EditorV A R G A S . Lapidary Editor

L. B O Y N T O N . NaturalistD E I . A N E Y . Staff Writer

Volume 35, Num ber 6 JU NE, 1972

CONTENTS

towardSouthern Arizona. T he

avid Muench, Santa Bar-

F E A T U R E SF I G H T T O P RE SE RV E O U R A N C I E N T P A ST

D E SE RT D I G G I N G SF RE EW A Y T O A H I D E - A W A Y

P RI N EV I LL E P O W W O W !R A I N B O W O B S I D I A N

M I SS IO N S AN A N T O N I O D E PA D U AA C R O S S U T A H ' S W H I T E R I M

PARADISE FOR LUNKERS

Tom KingJack PepperGeorge A. ThompsonMary Frances StrongMary Frances StrongRobert LikesEnid C. HowardStan JoneA

D E P A R T M E N T SA PEEK IN THE PUBLISHERS POKE

B O O K R E V I E W SDESERT LIFE

C A L EN D A R O F E V E NT SN O T E S F RO M T H E F I EL D

R A M B L I N G O N RO C K SLE T T E RS T O T H E E D I T O R

William KnyvettJack PepperHans BaertvaldClub ActivitiesMary Frances StrongGlenn and Martha VargasReaders' Comments

ELTA SH IVELY, Executive Secretary M A R V E L B A R R E TT . Circulation Mamtiier

E D IT O R IA L , C IR C U L A T IO N A N D A D V E R T IS I N G O F F IC E S : 74 -1 0 9 La rr ea S t. . P a lm D e s er t, C a li fo rn ia 9 2 2 6 0 . T e l ep h o ne A re a Code714 3-16-81-14. Listed in Standard Rate and D ata. SU BS CR IP T IO N RA T ES: U nited States, Canada and M exico; 1 year, $5.00; 2 years.$9.50 ; 3 years $13.00. O ther foreign subscribers add $1.00 U .S. currency for each year. See Subscription O rder Form in this issue. Allowfive weeks for change of address and send both new and old addresses with zip codes. D ESE RT Mag azine is published mon thly. Secondclass postage paid at Palm D esert, C alifornia and at additional m ailing offices und er Act of March 3, 1879. Contents copyrighted 1972by D ESE RT Magazine and permission to reproduce any or all contents must be secured in writin g. Unsolicited m anuscripts and photo-graphs WI LL N O T BE RET UR NED unless accompanied by a self-addressed and stamped envelope.


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P . D . Q . A S AC A B B IN G A N DP R E - F O R M I N GU N I T , S H O W N

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B o o kR e v i e w sby Jack Pepper

All books reviewed aro available throughDesert Magazine Book Shop

OR NIA

With the number of off-road racesnorteantericanos, the once

In addition, there is a major improve-

peninsula, unpaved. However,first-time explorer can easily

Veteran Baja explorer Walt Wheelock

Author of several books on Baja,

crammed with information on

For first-time travelers he has an excel-

hat you do not need for the trip.Gerhard and Gulick's Lower Californiauidebook (available through the D esertagazine Book Shop) is still the "bible"

S t i l l H o r s i n g A r o u n dW i t h F o u r W h e e l s ?for brochure:J o h n ' sC a m p e r s

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You will not make a fortune panninggold, but chances are you will findin addition to finding wealth

and pe;-.cc of mind by gett ingAlthough prospectors have panned for

for centuries as a means of liveli-the search for "color" is rapidly be-

a popular hobby for outdoor ad-and weekend treasure hunters.

T o aid the amateur gold panner, Cov-and

equipment since 1848, has puta complete package which in-the necessary gold pan, a magnet

from iron ore flakes,d adetailed and illustrated book on howuse the equipment, how to find placer

and a list of other equipment neededfor and separation of the

or f a k e s .O ne word of warning. D on ' t read the

the early part of the week. Ifdo, you will be tempted to report in

for work and head for the hills.Complete package with 12-inch gold

Due to the weight and exces-of the pack-

e is prohibi t ive. They can be purchasedthe counter at our Book Shop in

eser t.Books reviewed may be orderedfrom the DESERT Magazine BookShop, Palm Desert, Calif. 92260.Please include 50c for handling.California residents must add 5%sales tax. Please enclose payment.

MR. SAGACITY . , . is a small, smart bear.He's lamed and proudly ranging on a finechain. Sterling silver or gold-dipped. $5.25,including tax.

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O a rA n c i e n tP a s tby Tom KingSenior A rcheologist,University of C aliforniaat R iverside

O A WINDY and freezing weekend inthe O rd M ountains, volunteer ar-chaeologists from Barstow City Collegeand the University of California at River-side carefully trowelled the loose, rat-smelling contents of a small dry cave,breathing through dust masks as they drewdetailed maps and took scores of photo-graphs.T hey had come to salvage what re-mained of the archaeological story of thecave, which had been discovered and wasbeing destroyed by private collectors, butthey were too late. Gaping holes had al-ready been cut into the ancient deposit,and the archaeologists' careful techniquesyielded little information.T he artifacts ripped out by the collect-

o r s , even if eventually relocated, wouldtell little, for it is the precise location ofobjects in the gro und , as left there by theirusers, that tells archaeologists about pasthuman behavior.In Wild Horse Canyon in eastern SanBernardino County, a road and camp-grounds built by the Bureau of Land Man-agement churned through prehistoric In-dian village sites, and users of the area be-gan to dig into rockshelters in which theancient inhabitants of the area had cachedbaskets and tools.T he Archaeological Survey Associationof Southern California and the San Ber-nardino County Museum applied for apermit to conduct a salvage excavation inthe damaged sites, before more destruc-tion could occur, but by the time the fed-eral red tape could be cut, several siteshad been completely destroyed.O n the edge of the Coachella Valley incentral Riverside County, a flood controlchannel to be built by the Corps of En-gineers threatened an important CahuillaIndian village site. Archaeologists noti-fied the National Park Service, which ismandated by law to fund archaeologicalresearch in advance of Corps projects, butnothing was done. At the last minute avolunteer crew from U.C. Riverside con-ducted an urgent salvage excavation, butonly after bulldozers had plowed throughtwo ancient houses and swept away a goodpart of the site.Such reports as these come in almostdaily to my officepetroglyphs are beingquarried away near Blythe, kids on trailbikes have found a cemetery somewherenorth of Barstow and plan to dig it up ifsomeone doesn't stop them, and dunebuggies are wiping out ancient trails and

house rings around Stoddard Valley, anoilfield will cover ancient trails andshrines in Imperial County, a new area isto be opened up to off-road vehicles andno one knows what archaeological sitesmay exist there.It is my job, as the Eastern CaliforniaD istrict Archaeologist for the Society forCalifornia Archaeology, to try to do some-thing about them. I'm trying, and the 11archaeological institutions and organiza-tions that make up our Society's Califor-nia D esert Archaeological Com mittee aretrying, but if we're going to be successfulwe need your help.Archaeological sites are among the mostdestructible of the D esert's resources.T hey are fragilem any exist only on thesurface; if you pick up the artifacts ordrive around on them they disappear al-together. Even those that contain buriedremains can't stand too much disturbance,and ANY disturbance displaces materialwhose location could, if properly recorded,provide archaeological data. And archae-ological sites are irreplaceable; they can'tbe replanted or regrown. O nce such a site,or any fraction of such a site, is gone it isgone forever, beyond anyone's power tobring back.Archaeological sites have an importanceto the modern world, too, that is seldomunderstood. T he purpo se of scientific ar-


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chaeology is not just to make a carefulstudy of old things for their own sake, butto use information about long-dead humansocieties to shed light on the present andthe future. T he peo ple who left their arti-facts, their petroglyphs, their villages andcampsites around the California D esertwere, after all, people like you and me.By learning about their experiences inthe D esert environment we can expand therange of our own experience, providing abetter basis for coping with the stressesand changes of today.T his is not to say that modern men arelikely to go back to the life styles of an-cient D esert I ndians, but it is to say thatthose Indians were confronted with prob-lems not unlike those we face todaywar,environmental change, population pres-sures--and the ways they found to copewith those problem?, successfully or other-wise, can teach us lessons that can be ap-plied to our own condition. But these les-sons are lost if archaelogical sites are des-troyed, and the process of learning suchlessons in an increasingly complex andtricky business the business of modernarchaeology.T he archaeologist, ideally, studies wholenatural areasvalley systems or mountainrangesin a comprehensive way. He for-mulates specific questions that he wantsanswers to, and then he seeks the answers

The men who discovered NewberryCave (left) near Yermo, in 1933 report-ed their find without disturbing theartifacts. As seen from the air, the giantintaglio (right) near Blythe is in con-stant danger of destruction.

through a well-planned research program.He will begin his field work with surveysto find out what kinds of archaeologicalsites exist in his area; each will be record-ed and mapped. Excavation will be under-taken where necessary to answer appro-priate questions, and no more will be donethan is absolutely necessary, for excava-tion is a form of destruction.No archaeologist can record all the in-formation there is in an archaeologicalsitethe faint changes in chemical con-tent of the soil, the scarcely-detectablechanges in compaction or particle size, thescatters of tiny fragments of animal bones,seeds and stone flakes. Recognizing thathe can't record everything, the responsiblearchaeologist excavates as little as possible,leaving as much as he can for future re-searchers with new questions., new tech-niques.T he excavation, of course, is not an enditself; it is followed by months of labora-tory analysisplotting the distributionsof artifacts within the excavated sites,studying manufacturing techniques anduse-marks on the tools, identifying theanimal bones and plant remains recover-ed, reconstructing the plan of the com-munity from the excavation maps, obtain-ing the age of the sites through radiocar-bon analysis. T hat's w hat happens ideally,and that's the kind of research that pro-duces hard answers to real questions.

But by and large, it is not the kind ofresearch we're permitted to do in the Cali-fornia D esert. Here we work on the run,contestants in a frantic race to keep aheadof the bulldozers and the vandals, tryingto record everything we can think of thatmight be useful to archaeologists now andin the future, in the brief time that most ofthe D esert's archaeological sites have be-fore their destruction.If we are to save anything of theD esert's prehistory, we need your help.You, as a user of the California D esert,can mean the life or death of its past.T here are some 15 archaeological institu-tions in and around the D esert, not nearly


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F o r t h e R E I S T o f y o u r m e !Enjoy Nature's best . . . relaxing hotmineral waters, lovely vistas, desertdays, cool , starry nights. Hotels, mo-tels and mobi le home parks, with ther-mostat ical ly control led hot mineralpools, for every desire in luxury andprice. Visit once, you'l l return . . . forthe rest of your l ife! 10 min. frommajor a i rpo r t . . . FREE BROCHURES:CHAMBER of COMMERCE , Dept. DM ,Desert Hot Springs. Calif. 92240Direct ions: On Inters tate 10, near PalmSprings, go north on ore of three turn-offs toDesert Hot Springs

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SEND FORFREE CATALOGDept. D KEENE ENGINEERING11483 Vanowen S t., North H ollywood, CA 9 1605(213) 764-6114-4 (213) 877-7240

The author digs into an archeologkalsite. The next day it ivas com pletely

covered by bulldozers.

enough to keep ahead of the rate of de-struction. T he University of California,R iverside, has one of the largest staffs de-voted to archaeological salvage problems m e .We also have three archaeological fac-ulty members who can devote some timeaway from teaching to local field work,and a handful of graduate and undergrad-uate students who have sufficient train-ing to lead field partieswhen they havetime away from studies and jobs. Manyother institutions are staffed entirely byvolunteers, often with little formal archae-ological training; the time they can devoteto archaeological field work, and the skillsthey bring to such field work, are oftenvery limited.All in all, we probably have the equi-valent of about four full-time profession-als and a dozen well-trained avocationalsto take care of all the urgent archaeologi-cal problems of the California D esert. Ifwe don't have the support of an aware andconcerned public, the D esert's past willnot survive.

T here are man)- things that you as auser of the California D esert can do tohelp. First and foremost is something youshould NO T do : D O N'T B E A POT-H U N T E R . A pothunter is the guy who'salways picked up the artifacts off the sur-face site before we get there to plot theirlocations and study community structure.He's the one who's dug ragged holes inthe middle of all the house rings lookingfor artifacts, or who's dug up the ceme-tery to take skulls home to grin on hismantelpiece, or who's chopped the petro-glyphs off the rocks to frame his fire-place.He's destroyed the pieces we need toput together the jigsaw-puzzle of the past,and he's done it so he can have a nice pri-vate collection. Altogether a very selfishfellow, and much to be discouraged. Ifyou find an artifact, unless you have rea-son to think it is in some kind of definite

Indian petroglyphs which has beenpartially destroyed by vandals,Destruction or removal of artifacts

from government land is aFederal offense.

d a ng e r, L E AV E I T A L O N E .If you do feel that you have to pick it

up -that if you don't somebody less re-spon sible will then keep a good recordof where you picked it up. At least be ableto locate the general site on a map, anilbetter yet, also make a map of the siteshowing exactly where you picked thingsu p .

But what can you do that is really posi-tive? Perhaps the first thing is to learn abit about: archaeology and the nature ofprehistoric sites in the California D esert,and if you write me a letter c/o DeserlMagazine, telling me your particular in-terests, I'll send you a list of appropriatereferences.

Another important thing is to supportyour local archaeologist. Urge your state

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nd federal legislators to enact legislationo protect archaeological sites and to sup-ort archaeological research and salvage.ncourage your county and city officials

to do the same. Support your university,college, or museum. T he San BernardinoCounty Museum, for example, will soonbe moving to new quarters and hopes tobuild a really modern, well-staffed facil-ity. T o do so, the Museum will need pub-lic support, money, and the expressedinterest of all who enjoy the deserts ofSan Bernardino County.You can involve yourself directly inarchaeology by joining a responsible avo-cational archaeological society. Not allsuch societies arc- responsible; some arepothunting clubs. Names and addressesof six societies that do good work in th e

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W 'H* '

California D esert four in California,two in Nevadacan be obtained by writ-ing to Desert Magazine, along with theSociety for California Archaeology, thestatewide organization of professionalsand avocationals.

With or without an organized avoca-tional group, you can do your own surfacesurveys, recording important data withouttoo much prior experience. O ne of themost useful surveys in the western part ofthe D esert, for example, has been one by awriter from Los Angeles who has escapedthe crowds on weekends by systematicallywalking a complete mountain range, re-cording all kinds of archaeological sites.

T he job has taken some five years, andis not nearly complete but, as he says witha shrug: " i t beats watching T V. " Almostanyone, with a little training and a greatdeal of patience and care, can do such aproject, and you name the area. If it's inthe California D esert it probably has notbeen adequately surveyed. Some areasreally urgently need systematic surveysareas that are undergoing urban develop-ment or being heavily used for outdoorrecreation; such areas are sometimes de-pressing places to spend your weekends,but the job needs to be done, and therearen't enough archaeologists to do it.

W here ver you go in the D esert, if youfind an archaeological site you should re-port it. Standardized "site survey forms"can be obtained from Desert Magazine orfrom the San Bernardino County Museum,Bloomington, California 92316.

T he complete forms should be returnedto the Museum. If you find and report asite, be sure to let us know whether it's indanger of destruction, and what sort ofdestruction it's in danger of. T his permitsus to assign a priority rating to the site andforward the form if necessary to an insti-tution that can do something about salvageexcavation or preservation.

Finally, you can encourage adherence tothe Antiquities Law, which forbids dis-turbance of archaeological sites on publiclands and requires public agencies to fundarchaeological salvage when their activi-ties endanger archaeological sites. T heselaws aren't as strong as they could be, theyare sometimes misapplied, and they aresometimes ignored by public and privateagencies alike, but they are all we've gotand they should be obeyed. O nly if we re-spect the law can we pass on to the futureany reasonable part of the California D es-ert 's prehistoric heritage.

E N D . . .begins with aT R E A S U R E L O C A T O R )

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1.1


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m i < .:. '- JD E S E R T

st Robert L . Edwards and Ann Carmean, one ofstudents, (ab ove) label Indian p otsherds and organic

Aptos. Students (below) use tweezers to pick material

WHAT HAPPENS to a human society when its environmentdisintegrates ? Histor ians, sociologists, au thors andstatesmen are asking this question today and are comparing thedecline and fall of the Roman Empire with our present-day civ-ilization.It's also a question being asked by archeologists who areattempting to find the answer by digging into the sand dunes ofSouthern California's Riverside County as they begin a study ofCoachella Valley prehistory.T he Coachella Valley, which extends from above Palm D es-ert to the Salton Sea, is an extensively important archeologicalarea since it was formerly the site of the Blake Sea (also calledLake LaConte and Lake Cahu illa) .T he sea was formed about 2,000 years ago when the Colo-rado River flowed into the Valley and flooded it to a depth ofabout 45 feet above sea level. Since that time the sea apparentlyrose and fell several times, at last drying up by the time the firstSpanish expedition under the leadership of Captain Juan Bau-tista de Anza crossed its salty floor in 111A.At its height, the sea apparently supported abundant fish,shellfish and migratory birds and was the focus of a very largeIndian population. These Indians left their house ruins, burials,

artifacts and food debris in the sand dunes and on the alluvialfans surro und ing the sea, where they can be seen, in part, today.

W 1 B' *


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y Jack PepperDuring its existence, the sea nearly or completely dried up;a single generation, the environmentsupported the large Indian population disappeared. What

Cahuilla Indians are descended from them.T he exact effects of the sea's dessication are now being stud-archeologists from the University of California at River-Among the questions being asked are : D id massive war-What happened to the size and distribution of"These are hardly academic questions," Tom King, UCR's

Desert M agazine. "About the

ing out their environment."T he first of the impo rtant excavation projects was complet-ed in early 1972 near Indian Wells. An archeological class fromCabrillo College of Aptos under the direction of Robert Ed-wards spent a week under the hot sun collecting surface samp-lings which will Lie evaluated to gain an understanding of theenvironmental changes of the prehistoric civilization.Hopefully, their endeavors and those of other archeologicalteams will help us better evaluate our present-day environment.

At this site, Ron Ahmquist and Neysa Carpenter, archeologystudents, (above) discovered a comparatively large amoun tof bird bones small parts to the archeological jigsawpuzzle. Diggings (below) are marked in squares and dia-grams drawn showing where material was found.


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F R E E W A YT O AH I D E - A - W A YNTERSTATE 70 stretches almost straight

as an arrow across the beautiful butseldom seen San B.afael Reef country ofcentral Utah's Emery County, crossingoutlaw trails long forgotten, and passingby hideouts unused since the days ofButch Cassidy.

Lost pony tracks left in the sands ofGobl in Val ley and the Sinbad D esert byriders of the Wild Elunch are now cover-ed by the drifting sands of a half century,but the trails the) rode are being explo r-ed again, thanks to the wide lanes of new-ly laid black asphalt which stretch fromthe Green River on the east to the vermil-ion-colored foothills of the Fish Lakecountry to the west.

Its seventy-mil" length is the longestsingle stretch of new highway built sincethe Alaska H ighway was completed, andthe raw new country it gives the publicaccess to is as remote and beautiful as anyin the Wes t . T he O ld Spanish T rai l cross-ed the San Rafael Reef, a hundred milesof jagged rocky cliffs, whose immense pin-nacles stand like the ruins of some ancientcity against the blue desert sky. But theSpanish claim to the San Rafael countrywa s a vague and short l ived one, challeng-ed by fierce Ute warriors, later by furt rappers and mountain men, and finallyby Mormon colonizers.

T he f i rst effort ; to settle the area weremad e in 185 5 by the Elk M oun tain Mis-sion of the Mormon Church. By mid-sum-mer a small fort h ad been built near pres-ent day Mo ab and a few In dians were bap-14

by George Thompson

t ized, but apparently Ute tradition andMormonism were not compatible, for onlya month la ter three of the Mormons werekilled and the mission was abandoned.

T wen ty years passed before white menagain braved the dangers of the desert.T he McCarty brothers of bank robberyfame throughout the West , la ter ki l ledwhile robbing the Farmers & MerchantsBank at D el ta , Colorado in 1 893, wereprobably the next settlers of the San Ra-fael. T he I ndian s stole their cattle andhorses faster than they could raise themso they moved on, also, leaving the Swaseybrothers to be among the f i rst permanentsettlers to call the reef their home.

Joseph Swasey was familiar with theSan Rafael country by the 1870s. His ini-tials, carved in 1874, have been found inCoal Wash. By the early 1880s, he wasjoined by his brothers Sid, Charley andJack in running a cattle ranch and a herdof some 800 horses. Joe and Sid were bothbig men, weighing over 200 pounds, whi leCharley was tall and thin. Jack was anadopted brother, an Indian. Sid had amean disposition and the reputation ofbeing a bad man to tangle with. At timeshe rode with Butch Cassidy and othermembers of the Wild Bunch who "holedu p " on the reef.

Just when the Swasey brothers discover-ed the Refrigerator Cave isn't known, butit soon became a vital part of their ranch-ing operations, a place where outlaws metto buy and trade horses and to hide fromlawmen who were fol lowing their t ra i l .

In the glaring hot red rock and sandwastes of the San Rafael, the RefrigeratorCave was a welcome sanctuary, as well as aplace of safety in the desert.

A narrow slit in a sandstone cliff open-ed into the cave, where cool water drippedfrom the roof, keeping the temperature al-ways cool inside, as well as being the onl)"dependable water supply within miles.T ow erin g cliffs ran east and west fromthe cave, a near impassable canyon lay tothe south, while miles of unbroken desertstretched no rthw ard, m aking the cave aperfect place for men "on the dodge" tohide out .

A corral for cattle was built near themouth of the cave and from a meat polejust inside its entrance fresh beef waskept hanging for cowboys and long rid-e r s " al ike. T hat old meat pole can still beseen in the cave today. T he d amp cave pro-vided a temporary shelter until a brush hutcould be built, later to be replaced by asturdy cedar log cabin. What stories thatold cabin could tell of outlaws, posses,night riders, and treasure chests! With adependable vehicle, good weather, and alittle bit of luck you can visit Swasey'sCabin today.

T he seventy-mile stretch of Interstate70 runs from the junction of U.S. 6-50just west of Green River City to its tem-porary end at Utah Highway 10 at Fre-mon t Junction. T here are no services alongits entire length, and practically none atFremont Junction, so it's wise to "fill 'eru p " at Green River.


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In ters tate 70 begins six miles west ofand I 3 miles west is Black

ra go n W a s h , where ancient pictographsn be found at the end of a mile long

of the highway. At a point34 miles from Green River, watch

r a faint road going to the south.For those interested in rockhounding,

to a fantastic deposit ofcan be found,this road should be followed only in

a dependable pickupthebetter traveled

to where a right hand fork crosses aYou can park here or drive up

for about a half mile to the col-The larger pieces of " w o o d "

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A! I prices comparably low.Price sheets and envelopesavailable.No gimmicksNo lies47 yeiars of continuousservice guarantees your

MARKET BASKET PHOTO CO.P. O. Box 370, Yuma, Arizona 85364 orP. O. Bpx 2830, San Diego, Calif. 921 12

Utah's newInterstate 70opens the San Rafael desert countryto explorers and rockhounds

ar e high on the cliffs to the southwest.At a point approximately 37 miles

from Green River tworuts lead southwardthrough deep sand and past toweringcliffs. It is only about two miles to Swa-sey's Cabin, depending on which set ofruts you follow, and you probably won'tsee it unti l you are nearly there, for cedartrees grow thick around it. The old cabin

stands square and solid near the foot of atowering cliff. Its logs are silver-greywith age, and most of its roof poles havefallen with the weight of years. The Re-frigerator Cave is only a short walk to thewest . Camp overnight if you're not afraidof ghosts, for it's a mighty spooky place!

T he San Rafael country is a fascinatingplace tovisit, where youwon ' t be crowdedwith tourists. It's a country of strangenames, like Jackass Bench, Secret Mesa,Head of Sinbad, D evil 's Canyon and CliffD weller Flat. Another is Swasey's Cabin,a place for today's adventurer.

There's acamper foreveryone's need atAlaskan.Sold and installed only at Alaskan Camper factories at factory prices. Write today to the factorynearest you for free folder describing the most advancedcamper on the road .R. D. HALL MFG. , INC.,9847Glenoaks Blvd. , Sun Va l ley ,(San Fernando Val ley)Cal i fornia 91352. Dept.D-4Factory Outlet: ALASKANCAMPER SALES, INC.,Interstate 80 (half way betweenS.F.-Sacramento) , Route 1,Box 332, Suisun City , Cal i f .94585, Dept.D-4

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EINARS CAMPER MFG. CO.,d/b /a Alaskan Campers Nor thCent ra l , 3726 North 9thAvenue, Sioux Fal ls , SouthDakota 57104, Dept.D-4P E N N A C A M P Div. ofL a n h e i m , Inc., 401 WestEnd Avenue , Manhe im,P e n n . 17545, Dept.D-4MOBILE L IV INGPRODUCTS LTD.5539-61h Street S.IE.Calgary , A lber ta , CanadaDept.D-4


16/44

by^ t i f c - . i " ^ Mary Frances Strong

Photos byJerry Strong

-

O W W O W !HE F O U R T H of July is celebrated with

a B A N G at Pr inevil l e , O regon .Firecrackersno ! fust rockhounds pound-on boulders in search of gem-

the past three years, over10,000 rock collectors, from throughout

Capita] of :he United States" tospecimens and enjoy the

y in an atmc sph ere of real w esternT his year the 4th Annua l Weste rn

Pow W ow wil l be held at th eund s from lune 26th thro ugh July

Crawford, manager of the

Exhibi ts , demonstrat ions, dealers andtailgaters will be on hand. Camping isavailable on the fairgrounds and specialentertainment will be provided the lasttwo nights of the Pow Wow. Further in-formation may be obtained by writing to:Prinevi l le Chamber of Commerce, P . O .Box 546, Prinevi l le , O regon 9 7754.

All these activities are not what hasmade the Prinevi l le Pow Wow popularand famous. It is their guided field tripsto the gem claims owned by the Chamber,now total ing approximately 300.

Recognizing the popularity of rock col-lecting and the numerous deposits in thearea around Prineville, Ivan Chapell,former Chamber of Commerce manager ,pioneered the idea of a Pow W ow with

guided field trips. It was immediately suc-cessful and to preserve and protect the col-lecting areas the Chamber filed legalclaims.

Each year, just prior to the Pow Wow,1 50 claims a re m ade ready. If necessary,they are bulldozed to provide good collect-ing ior the many visitors. T he other halfof the claims are allowed to rest." Roads


17/44

Judy Elkins (opposite page) examinesan agate specimen. The "coxcomb" of

eroded volcanics (below) marks theturnojj to the Eagle Rock mo ss

and dendritic agate collecting area.east of Prineville, offers lakesidecamping and, fishing with nearby

agate areas.

to the sites are well-posted and maps areavailable at the Chamber office from May1 5th throug h O ctober. G uided field tripsarc conducted dai ly during the Pow Wow.T here is no charge.

Jerry and I were in Prinev ille last O cto-ber and, with Judy Elkins as our guide,we visited the Eagle Peak and MauryMountains claims. It was evident that con-

siderable digging had been done and Judytold us some very good material had beenfound. Most of the claims lie in a beauti-ful mountain setting surrounded by tow-ering pines certainly a different andpleasant environment for those of us usedto desert collecting.

O ne of the highlig hts of our trip toPrineville was not connected with rocksbut with a trainthe City of Prineville.In operation since 1918, it is the onlycity-owned railroad in the United States.Unlike so many of today's railroads, itmore than pays its way. Railroad revenueshave kept Prineville's taxes low and pro-vided residents with many advantages, in-cluding a fine new swimming pool.

T he line is approxim ately 25 mileslong and two runs are made daily fromPrineville to the junction north of Red-man. Its main cargo is lumber products.

D uring the summer months , beginningJune 1 5th this year, the Friday evening(7 p .m.) run al lows passengers . T hereis no charge. Groups may make reserva-t ions; but there has always been enoughroom for individuals wishing to take theride. I would suggest you be at the depotby 6:30 p.m.

T he excursion season was over whenwe were in Prineville but Manager Ni-colas invited us to ride the caboose withthe crew. W e found them most friendlyand proud to tell us about "their railroad."T he Condu ctor was Bob Pierce; Back-end

Brakeman, Ron Edgerly; Front-end Brake-man, Jim Queen ami, ably handling theengine was Lawrence "Butch" Randall. Itwas a fun trip! I guess there is a little ofthe kid left in all of us.

Prineville is the oldest city in CentralO reg on, d ating back to 1868. It has play-ed an important role in Central O reg o nhistory as a trading center and it figuredprominently m a war with the Snake In-dians.

Mining and livestock were Prineville'sfirst industries and settlers fought thebloody Sheep and Cattle War of the 1 890sover grazing rights. Lumbering began in1 872 and is the major industry today . Gen-erally, 8,000 cars of lumber are shippedyearly by the city-owned railroad.

Mining had its day in 1873, when goldwas located on Scissors Creek. Later, O re-gon's most famous quick-silver mine, T heSilver King, was discovered on T routCreek.

Recreationists w ill enjoy O choco Lakeand Prineville Reservoir where campingand year-round fishing are available. T hewaters are heavily stocked, regularly, witheight-inch trout.

You will enjoy a visit to Prineville andthe best way to get acquainted is to attendthe Rockhound Pow Wow. You are sureto meet old friends, make new ones andhave the time of your life celebrating ourNation's birthday in "Agate Land U.S.A."


18/44California, finds a nice specimen at the Royal Purple Mine.

by Mary Frances StrongPhotography by Jerry S trong

THE WARNER Mountains rise from avolcanic tableland in the northeastcorner of California, and form a rib-likeridge separating the Modoc Plateau fromthe Basin and Rang e Province. T his typeof topography is well-known for its di-versified landscape of high, desert basins,forested mountain peaks and a myriad ofstreams and lakes in asorted sizes.

In recent years, it has not been the in-spiring volcanic scenery which has broughtthousands of new visitors to the WarnerMountains. Instead, excel lent gem-cut t ingmaterial in the form of iridescent obsidianhas been the lure.

Several deposits of this unusual mater-ial, called "rainbow obsidian" by rock col-lectors, outcrop in the Warner Mountainsbetween D avis Creek and the O regonborder. T hey are heavily visited d uringthe summer months, as this is high country5500 feet elevation. From O ctoberthrou gh A pril , snow is generally foun don the ground, leaving the back roadsmuddy and impassable .

O ver the years, one location, the RoyalPurple Mine, has cont inued to producetop quality obsidian in various shades ofpurple, blue, green, gold and silver sheenand the coveted "rainbow type." Miningbegan 14 years ago and, though tons ofmaterial have been removed, the tremen-


19/44

T he obsidian is obtained by the open-t 0 'W lhe size of the specimens

T he Royal Purple M ine consists of eightGrif-

be directed to: Ray Griffith, P.O .Fifteen years ago, obsidian hadn't as yetome a popular cutting m aterial. T he

T he Griffiths were long-time and avid

imen of rainbow obsidian. T he beau-

As their vacation progressed, Ray kept

vis Creek. Ray spent the next six daysl Purple Mine.

T he spring of 1958 found the G riffiths

"Mrs. O live Colhour, well-known lapi-

Three beautiful examples of iridescentand rainbow ob sidian which were

collected at the Royal Purple Mine inCalifornia's Warner Mountains.


20/44

Dick Smith invites you . . .Come Flywith me!See Canyonlands from theair! Majestic pinnacles, redrock canyons and arches.Truly a scenic wonderland.

Several flight:; to choose from in addition to flights over MonumentValley, Lake Powell, and Rainbow Bridge. Combination land-air andLake Powell-air tours available. Write today for a brochure.Cantfonlands(^Aviation

AT CANYOMLANDS RB5ORTEAST ENTRANCE TOCANYONLANDS NATIONAL PARKWRITE: P.O. BOX 246, MOAB, UTAH 84 53 1 TELEPHONE 80 1-2 59 -7 766

Gene and Mary Foushee'sR E C A P T U R E L O D G E E T O U R SThere are still places like this . . . peaceful, quiet,remote. And just a 15 minute stroll, or a five minutedrive, or a stone's throw from Recapture Lodge. Be-sides scenery and tranquility l ike this, we have geolo-gist-guided tours to Monument Valley, Canyonlands,Poncho House . . . and lovely spots you've neverheard of.Nightly slide shows. Heated Pool. Play-grounds. Automatic laundry. San JuanRiver trips.

All Tribes Day 3rd Saturday in June!BLUFF, Utah 84512 Phone 801-67 2-22 81

OPEN 5:00 P.M. DAILYServingthe Worlds Finest Quality Beef"PRIME RIB....TOP SIRLOIN

"THE BEST FOR LESS"$4.95 NEW YORK _ $5.75$4.75 LOBSTER COMBO $6.95

lack S ill ve us O ne-M an S howTHE MOST VERSATILE MAN IN ENTERTAINMENT

COCKTAILS - DANCING For reservations: 328-1101

STEAK RANCH and HOTEL67-501 Highway 111, Palm Springs, California

"She wasvery instrumental in introducingrainbow obsidian to the hobbyist."T he Griffiths personally operated themine for man)- years. "We showed and ex-plained how to chip for color, how to sortan d how to dig. We wanted every collectorvisiting ourmine to be satisfied with whathe had found. High-grading was not onlypermit ted, it was encouraged," Ray con-t inued. "Managers Jack and Marie Wil-liams will carry on this same policy."

O bs idian is "nature 's glass." Its resem-blance to the man-made material and dis-t inctive conchoidal (sh ell-like) fracturemake it easily identifiable. It is not a min-eral but an igneous rock (lava) whichcooled so rapidly the constituent com-pounds did not have enough time to groupinto minerals. It is quite common through-ou t the West where great periods of vol-canism occurred during the Tert iaryPeriod.

T he highly prized, i r idescent (ra inbo w)obsidian is not common. Specimens showwell-developed layering. It is from thenumerous minute inclusions along theselayers which refracts the l ight to give thecolorful rainbow effect.

"Cut t ing and polishing rainbow obsidi-


21/44

an is quite simple if a few important stepsare followe d," Ray explaine d. "T wo veryinteresting effects can be obtained whencutting rough obsidian. (1) Saw parallelto the bands and the finished cabochonwill have a bull 's eye effect. (2 ) Saw threeto seven degrees off of the banding andyou will have a rainbow' from top tobottom of the cabochon."

"When grinding and sanding obsidi-an," Ray continued, "the usual method isreversed. Always grind from the centerout. Never begin grinding from the sharp,

Always use ne w sanding cloths when

Ray uses the following method for pol-

Use a very light pressure through all

There are good, level campsitesamon g the fine trees in theWarner Mountins. May 15 throughSeptember 15 is ideal weather.scratches are removed before proceedingto the next step.

Step 1. 100 grit wheel for shap ing.Step 2. 200 grit silicon sanding cloth.Step 3. 400 grit silicon sanding cloth.Step 4. 600 grit silicon sanding cloth.Step "5. T in oxid e for final polish (or

use your favorite polishing agent).Step 6. A mixture of tin oxide and

chrome oxide as a final buffing will givea deep "gloss" to the cabochon.

T he season is now underw ay at theRoyal Purple O bsidian Mine. T he turnoff,eleven miles north of D avis Creek andseven miles south of New Pine Creek, iswell marked. T he road is good and largetrailers can be taken into mine headquar-ters or Lassen Creek Campground (unim-proved). Camping is free.

You will find cool, clear spring water todrink, tall pines to shelter your campsiteand beautiful gem m aterial to collect. T heRoyal Purple Mine is certainly a placewhere rockhounds may enjoy a "royal"summer vacation trip.

C O M P A S SE L E C T R O N I C S C O R P .3 6 1 9 P A C I F I C AVE.F O R E S T G R O V E ,

O R E . 97116 D E P T . 13SD E A L E R S

PHONE (503)357-7117

New Pine Creek

RoyalPurpleMine

GOOSE

DavisCreekl lmi. iLAK

MODOC CO.


22/44

w o YEARS after the founding of SanAntonio de Padua by the Francis-

the creek known as Sanchurch, a house for the

a makeshift workshop, and sever-and adobe. Near this

buildings, 163 Indians

In the oak-shaded valley were a few

developed into one of themissions of its day, withof mo re than 1,000

T oday, San Antonio represents one of

countryside surround-reflects the peace and

San Antonio at once appeals to one asbuilding and realize the labor

Load after load o: heavy stones from

n thickness. T he bricks

his mixture was placed intoand allowed t:> set for thre e days

were put on edge forLarge logs had to be obtained from


23/44

the mountain forests and, by a process ofdragging and skidding, were brought tothe San Antonio River where they werefloated down to the Mission during theseason of high water. After the surfaceswere hand-hewn, the long timbers werefinally ready for various uses in con-st ruct ion of the bui ldings. T he enormousnumber of ti les used in finishing theroofs were made of clay and cured inkilns that were built east of the Mission.

San Antonio has the feature recogniz-ed as typical of the larger missions. T hecorridor of portals at the right of thechurch is 227 feet in length and builtwith an exactness that made each archa duplicate of the other. Th is front w ingof the quadrangle formed by the churchand remaining two wings was the Padresquarters, but now is used to display SanAntonio's memories of the past.

Inside is an outstanding exhibit and aremarkable collection of mission relics,Spanish art and weaving and Indian arti-facts. Here also is a scale model of thechurch and adjacent buildings, and minia-ture working models of the grist mill andthe old well with its endless chain ofbuckets.

T he workshops, granary and schoolwere housed in the remaining two wings.T he great quadrang le of San Antoniowas a trade school of large proportions,where Indians were taught more than 50different skills. T he build ings formin gthis quadrangle, if set end to end, wouldhave reached almost one mile in length.

Construction of the present church,which had been planned for some time,began in 1810 under the supervision ofPadres Cabot and Sancho. A striking fea-ture is the facade of burnt brick with

by Robert C. Likesarched openings for the bells. Betweenthe facade and nave of the church is thevaulted ceiling. T he arch extends almostfrom the floor to ceiling in a continuoushalf-circle, and is made entirely of burntbrick. T he floor of the church is con-structed of hard mexcia plaster put downover carefully-laid cobblestone. T he typeand pitch of the wooden-ceilinged sanctu-ary


24/44

was the only one in California. Water pro-driving the shaft that turned the mill stone on the floor above.

across gulches and creeks,improved with modern sur-

ng equipment . \ o t only was the me-constructive work of th e

order, but the engineer-g as well. T h e reservoir, millrace, and

of the mill remain intact.he water wheel and mill house have

By 1809, the Indian families were liv-ing in adobe and tile houses. T wenty-five were finished :hat year, and to these

greater number was la ter added. T heselocated outside and to the

f the Mission compo und. T heIndians were encou 'aged to plant gardensof their own, and were allowed to disposeof the produce as :hey chose.

T he San Antonio Mission flourished.T he valley was alive with I ndians . Theirhouses, fields and aqueducts gave mean-ing to the land and the hills echoed thesounds of their progress. A surplus ofcrops were being raised yearly, and milesfrom the Mission ranches were being es-tablished to support the ever-increasingherds. T he Ind ians had reached a stateof development which gave them posi-tions of responsibility, and this was en-couraging to the Fathers.

D oubtles s difficulties confronted thepriests in the management of a commun-ity of such numbers, but none as graveas the unexpected paradox that began todevelop at a t ime when the plans for theMission were so near reality. It is statedin the records of 1810 to 1820, Padres

Cabot an d Sancho were obliged to bury-more Indian s than they baptized. T heirnumber had decreased from 1,124 to 878,and the Fathers knew of no way to meetthe problem.

Sickness continued to devastate theranks of th e natives, and by 1830, theirpopulation was only 681. Padre Sancho,with whom Cabot ha d served since theirarrival at San Antonio in 1804. died inFebruary, 1830, and was buried in th echurch beside the remains of Father Sit-jar. T hese two Padres represented 59consecutive years of service at the Mis-sion.

In 1834, an agent working in thecause of secularization, explained to theIndians the proposal that put their con-trol in the hands of the Mexican authori-ties. T his new organization that was in-troduced into their community was en-tirely foreign to their comprehension, andthe attitude of the natives was unsatis-factory toward the secular government.It would seem they preferred control bythe Padres rather than "freedom" underthe jurisdiction of the Mexican repre-sentatives.


25/44

Father Cabot retired to the San Fer-

Gutierrez who came to San An-a period extremely trying

the Mission. T he food upo n which theverted to th e civil and military establish-ment, and was no longer available to meettheir needs. By 1836, two-thirds of theIndians were starving and in quest offood not to be found at the Mission. In1839, the population was given as 270,and in 1840, Padre Gutierrez wrote,"the Mission is advancing every day to-ward complete dest ruct ion." T hese na-tives, so easily attracted to a life of civili-zation, just as easily slipped away, andas painfu l as it must have been to thePadres, the Mission, in all i ts dignity andbeauty, stood forth merely as a finalmonument to a disappearing race.

Mexico realized it was not the timeto prolong an unfavorable experimentand attempted to swing back to saferchannels. In 1843, after almost ten yearsof Mission rape, the government deliver-ed the control of all the Missions back

.

P i

Corridor of portals (abov e) is 227 feet long with each portal exactly alike. Indiansused the forge (left) to produce metal pieces needed in construction of the mission.to the Franciscan Padres with hopes ofsalvaging the system. O ne year later,Padre Gutierrez performed the 4,651stbaptism since the founding of San Anton-io. It was also to be the last.

Padre Ambris was in charge of theMission from 1846 to 1882, at whichtime there was reported only about 35families living there. After his death,the church buildings were left to them-selves, and at the turn of the century,San Antonio was desolate and almost incomplete ruin. T he Mission was savedfrom utter destruction only by the timelyaction of the California Historic Land-marks League who, in 1903, had raisedfunds to put a temporary roof over thechurch and save it from complete ruin.

It was not until 1949 that funds were

available to restore the Mission T heHearst Foundation allotted $50,000 tobegin the project. The restoration wascarried out on completely authentic linesfrom the many photographs that weretaken before the old Mission fell to ruin.In hand excavation, many relics were dis-covered, all of which are now displayedin the front wing of the Mission.

The devotion of the original Indianinhabitants and early settlers of this vi-cinity still lingers with their descendants.Pilgrimages and individuals come to theMission to offer their prayers of petitionand thanksgiving. O nce again the Mis-sion bells ring out, and once again SanAntonio de Padua's simplicity and charmcaptivate visitors to the Valley of theOaks.


26/44

Utah'sWhiteRimby Enid C. Howard

Photos by the author

THH WHITE RIM is something else! Itoccurs as a sort of orphan in thegeological time clock, because it was de-posited during a period of unconform-ity and an erosion interval, between thePaleozoic and Mesozoic Eras about 250million years ago. It doesn't seem to re-late to other formations in the drainagebasins of theColorado andGreen Riversin southeastern Utah.

It appears only in the erosional patternswithin anarea roughly southwest of Moabin thetriangle between theconfluence ofthe two rivers, west of the Colorado in theLand of Standing Rocks and TheMaze,south towards Hite, Utah, where it pinchesout and disappears.

T he Rim is a hard white sandstone de-posit that varies in thickness, sandwichedbetween two layers of softer, extremelydark red siltstones, theMoenkopi above,the O rgan Cut ler below. It erodes slowly,resulting in broad benches of the under-lying O rgan Cu tler formation capped byt he Whi te Rim.

W h i t e Rimcountry is a part of Can-yonlands National Park and is consideredthe median zone between Grand View

Kent Froststands on one ofthe giant naturalbridges which arefound along theWhite Rim, nowpart of CanyonlandsNational Park.


27/44

The White Rimis composed of

hard, whitesandstone whichvaries in thickness

and which was formedapproximately 25

million years ago.

. T he RimExploring the White Rim is possible

sual section of the park. T otal milesogged were 120. Not too long, but con-

T he visitor should bear in mind that

oab, 68 South Main, to purchase, atark and Vicinity Map that details the

tanding features of the Rim benches.Another suggestion, carry a gasolinestove, as firewood is scarce and the ParkService takes a d::m view of chopping atthe few trees that are there. Carry enough

water for the trip as none is available.Also, carry out your litter items.Access to the Rim can be througheither the Shafer T rail or the Potash M ineroad along the Colorado and these areindicated on the ma p. T he river route isthe most scenic and interesting as Indianpetroglyphs, ruins and the JughandleArch on the cliffs along the river, com-bined with the reflected canyon walls inthe water, create many photographicmoods. T wo arches, Corona and Bow T ie,are a short hike from the road, with signspointing the direction.Below D ead H orse Point the first signsof the White Rim appear high on thetalus slope as a fractured line of whitedeposit, but gradually the road will workout to the top of the formation and youwill be driving on top of it much of thetrip. T he Rim varies in thickness from tenfeet to as much as three to five hundredfeet.At Shafer T rail junction a sign willdirect. T hree miles beyond, an indistinctjeep road turns left to what one of thelocal tour operators has called the Walk-ing Rocks. We hasten to add that visitors

walk to them, they do not of themselvesmove an inch. However, this providesan interesting example of the White Rimsandstone. Fractures occur in cross-hatch-ed lines, and as erosion takes place with-in the fractures the crevasses widen, andat some points are six feet wide and com-pletely separate from the parent forma-tion.Grand View Point along with JunctionButte, divides the east rim from the westrim. East tributaries drain to the Colora-do, west rim canyons into the Green. Asthe jeep trail heads each successive tribu-tary on the east side, the Colorado appearsbelow now and then to arouse the interestof the "explorers at heart." O ne becomesincreasingly aware that nothing in thisland comes in small sizes. Every elementassumes gigantic proportionslarge brok-en rocks tossed carelessly everywhere, can-yons are deep, the benches of the Rim andthe lower levels are so wide they almostbecome prairies, cliffs soar, or plungedeeply, colors are not delicate. O x-bloodred, they, too, crash into the picture andassert their power to impress.

T he two dominant features are the


28/44

1

glowing, weather-varnished, verticallyfractured Wingate escarpments of GrandView Point, and the White Rim as itthickens in depth and exhibits the charac-teristics that prodi.ee sheer walls, archesMusselman Arch is a goodexample of erosion into the O rgan Cutlerformation which carried away the softersiltstone beneath the span, leaving theresistant white caprock intact.

Another interesting feature in this area,located on the ma > is Washer Wom anArch in a broken segment of the highcliffs. T his amusi ig figure shows thepoor woman bent ever her wash tub, for-ever ordained to keen at her work, untilthe remnants of the Wingate walls top-ple. Perhaps a thousands years hence.

Monument Basir appears to be the ul-2R

timate in viewing the results of the forcesthat have created this distinctively differ-ent world of the rim country. T he Basin isabout three to five hundred feet below theRim, and contains an assortment of thecrossbedded O rgan Rock spires, pinnacles,grouped monuments, arches or thin walls,some capped by their portion of the whitesandstone, are so slender it is difficult tounderstand how they ever remain upright.Below Junction Butte at the south apexunfolds what has to be the most dramaticoverlook of the trip. T urn a complete cir-cle, there is not a blank space anywhere.Look southa panorama of canyons,benches, shelves, talus, waterways, all lit-tered with the debris of disintegration asthe land falls away to the confluence ofthe two great rivers. T urn around and

v--*\f

. : . . . . . * * . - . . .

Spectacular red sandstoneformations loom skyward( above)along the road to the Rim.Monu ment Ba sin pinnacles (left),spires and wa lls are WO feetbelow the Rim.

look no rth. T here, Junction Butte, behindthat Grand View Point lift majesticallyto the mesas. Look west the OrangeCliffs create a backdrop for the StandingFlocks and Maze country. Look east at theHatch Point Ridge, the Indian Creekcliffs and the Needles of CanyonlandsPark across the river. T he full circle sceneoverpowers one with its magnitude.From this point on, the road will climbover the divide and lead you into theGreen River section of the Rim. T he over-look at T urks Head bend gives you a firstlook at the river bottoms that are consid-erably wider than those of the Colorado.They sport a collection of unusual namesT uxedo Bottom, Queen Anne Bottom,Valentine Bottom, Hardscrabble Bottom,Saddlehorse Bottom and, at Fort Bottom,


29/44

0+*Turks Head spire along theGreen River is one of thefamous landma rks. The WhiteRim parallels the Colorado

and Green Rivers fora hundred miles.

T en miles beyond T urks Head bend

Wesley Powell named, T he

ome, a gargantuan sal t p lugundin g land It is possible to hike

the D ome up the canyon, about five

A word of caution about swimming inthe Green River; don't do it, and don'tallow children to wade the banks. T heriver is treacherous, the sand banks dropoff suddenly and cave in. Even the sandbars are not safe, for they might be no-thing but quicksand, and the current isswifter than it appears, with dangerousundercurrents .

From Upheaval Canyon the road mean-ders along the river banks, but the WhiteRim pulls a fast switch by suddenly dis-appe aring unde r the river. T he road ele-vation has been slowly increasing into theformations of the Moenkopi, the red silt-stone directly above the Rim, the Shina-r u m p , where uranium deposits are some-times found, and the Chinle, that pastellavender-grey band that is seen just below

or in the Wingate cliff talus. When youreach Horsethief Bottoms the road turnsright to climb a dizzy succession of switch-backs right up the face of the cliff. It is agood surface road and quite safe, even ifit does cause one to feel as if they shouldlean towards the wall. Horsethief T railskims off across the mesa and joins theroad to Grand View Point.

A fitting finish to this journey aroundthe White Rim would be to drive out toGrand View Point and contemplate thenatural wonder and majesty of this por-tion of our fascinating world. Man mustcreate within his time, but Nature, themaster, has spread billions of years of crea-tion before us to study, admire and appre-ciate. O ne cannot help but feel veryhumble.


30/44

A D 3 S EI V N K E 1 SHEN UNSEASONABLY warm weath-er prevailed at Lake Powell for a

month this spring, trout anglers soon dis-covered they co .ild stand along theshores and cast baited hooks into the cold,shallow waters with great success. Oneshore fisherman set a new lake recordwhen he landed in eleven pound, twoounce hard-fighting rainbow!O n e of the author"s favorite plugs forbass is this "scaly green-red-head"Heddon Lucky l-\ lure. Green seems towork better than red and white plugsi n Lake Powell.

3 0

PARTTWOb y Stan Jones

Photos by the author

This is just another example of why, asI stated in my article last month, I believeLake Powell is one of the most exciting"fishin' holes" in the United States. Inthis article we will go for rainbow troutand largemouth bass.

RAINBOW TROUTInitially stocked in great numbers by

air-drops, rainbow trout become moreplentiful in Lake Powellby many thous-andseach year. True rainbow trout, notbrook or lake ("Mackinaw") trout, Pow-ell's solid, pink-striped rainbows come inall sizes. They keep to the clear, deepwaters and are most frequently caught inor near the five-hundred-foot depths backof Glen Canyon Dam. However, big rain-bows have been landed in many otherareas as far uplake as Hall 's Crossing.

Night fishing for rainbows has becomepopular at Powell during hot summermonths. Anglers tie up to the dams pro-tective log boom, light a lantern and re-lax during the cooler hours. All the usualand unusual trout baits are tried, frommarshmallows, cheese bits and corn ker-nels to worms, shrimp, salmon eggs andtrout roe. Limits of smaller trout are land-ed is this manner, night after night, byeven the laziest fishermen.For the big trout it's troll, troll, troll.From the dam a boat can proceed slowlyalong either shore into Wahweap or

N .

Warm Creek bays, towing spinners orDavis-lure "hardware" strings affixed tothe line above a flatfish, bomber, water-dog-bomber or other similar skitteringlure. More than once I've hooked a troutand a bass on the same lure within min-utes while trolling in this manner. An oc-casional "school" of trout will usuallyproduce a fish each time a trolled lure istowed over the mass.

LARGEMOUTH BASSNothing is more difficlt to define than

"How To Fish For Largemouth Bass."Yet, it may be that the puzzling, oftendownright aggravating nature of the spe-cies is exactly what makes it the mostsought-after game in Lake Powell Country.And, again, the "exotic" Powell lakescapetends to add to the dilemma of uncertaintysurrounding this superb sporting fishBass fingerlings were originally plant-ed by airplane in Lake Powell seven yearsa g o . They have flourished beyond all ex-


31/44

ten pounds, tv/o ounces. But

n years old. T hey have at theirthey can eat. Anc they can latch onto anoccasional bluegill or crappie, too.

T here is no greater proof than in thehe clean., white, fat meat of the

Powel l largemouth is beyond compare.e bake 'em whole ( in foi l ) , s imply l i f t

the skin to fork out the meat in sweet,tantal iz ing chunks.

Unlike lazy old lunkers that belly intoExpert fisherman "Red" Barrett

(above) holds a string of bass.Bass and trout are just waitingto be caught (right) in the many

scenic coves of Lake Powell.

the mud of warm, shallow lakes, Powell 'sbass inhabit clean, cold water. Each springas I have reexplored the big lake to up-date my "Stan Jones ' Map" I have comeupon seemingly ideal bass slews createdby rising, roiled waters that carry flotsaminto the depths of long, winding canyons.O ften I 've found anglers in such placescursing because hours of plugging or"waterdo ggin ' " have produced no f ish.At the risk of seeming to be a smart-alecklocal I 've stopped to explain some of myexperiences with Lake Powell bass, gentlysuggesting that such slews are not prolificfishin' holes.

O f course, there are dozens of ways tofish for bass; every angler has his or herfavorite. Powell may require methods thatdiffer from the norm. O ne can alwaystroll along the cliffs or in the canyons.But surface-plugging and waterdoggin 'are more lucrative and more fun; and theyusually produce the largest lunkers.

I am an avid surface-plugger. And whenI go a-pluggin' I use only floating lures;fish only on top of the water. I seek quiet,hidden glens, usually marked by brush inthe water. My friend, Red Barrett, a localguide, prefers waterdog fishing, and hesticks to more open water where rockyshoals and sheer rock walls dominate thescene.

Red is happiest when he drags thedepths wi th 'dogs and brings home a longstring of fat bass that will average fromthree to five pounds in weight. My biggestthrill comes when I lure one or two six orseven-pounders to the surface with finger-tip action imparted to a ponderous plug.

If you like my way of fishing you'll beglad to know that, normally, the upperreaches of man)' Powell canyons and covescontain some of the most perfect basscountry a plugger could ho pe to see. T hewater is clear and blue, filled with allmanner of naked brush. Early in the morn-

I" r * iv

- ' "' ' "


32/44

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Although gam e fish can be caught fromthe shore, most a nglers use boats to go

after the big ones.

ing and late in the afternoon the surfacemay be without a r ipple . Th ere may notbe another boat for miles. It 's you andGod and Mr. Bassall alone together.

After forty years of fishing for bass Iremain old-fashioned enough to believethat QUIET is absolutely necessary. Manyanglers dispute this, and I have one friendwho actually races his boat around at topspeed in every area he intends to fish. Andalthoug h 1 own an old-fashioned tacklebox and dozens of plugs, old and new, Iprefer tfte old-fashioned red-headed, yel-low and black "Lucky 13", a three-gangedfloater that is three and a half inches long.I call this plug my "broom handle" and Itie it directly to twelve-pound-test premi-um mono line using no leader or swivel ofany kind. T his allows the plug to float ina true horizontal position and to react in-stantly to any action of my fingers or wrist.

I float or paddle to a position approxi-mately 75 feet from any brush or inundat-ed tree trunk, then cast as close to thebrush or tree as I safely can. Before myplug hits the water my line is running be-tween my fingers, allowing me to controlevery move of the lure, even to how it set-tles on the surface. Immediately, as thoughpart of the drop, itself, I begin to twitchthe end of my rod so that the plug willjerk back and forth, and up and downlike a creature in the throes of a frenzy.If Mr. Bass is lying in wait he will usuallycharge the plug within seconds of its land-ing.

When the fish takes the plug he'll in-variably head for the deep brushfast!

F I S H ! F I S H ! F I S H !TROUT, BASS AND CATFISH

Get your share at Hall's CrossingHALLS'S CROSSING MARINA OFFERS: Gas and oil, l ive bait and lures, f ishing gear, boat repairfacilit ies, cold beer. ICE, groceries, slips and buoys for rent. Overnight accommodations thatsleep two to eight pesons. Write or call for reservations. At the general store: fresh milk, eggs,butter, frozen meat cold cuts and canned items for camping or picnicking. Take a boat tr ip toRainbow Bridge in one day. 2, 3 and 4-day tours to various parts of the lake, camping andsleeping under the slcrs. Ferry service for travelers with light vehicles. All types of pleasurecraft for rent, from 1 -4-ft. to houseboats. Airstr ip is 40 00 feet wi th t iedo wn facilit ies ava ilab le.H A L L S C R O S S I N G M A R IN AW r i t e L a k e P o w e l l l-erry S e r v i c e , B l a n d i n g U t a h o r c a l l M o a b M o b i l e O p e r a t o r , a s k fo r U n i t 5 6

T he b ig trick is to set the hook and keephim from fou ling --at the same instant.Here, again, Powell bass fishing ca n bedifferent. T he mom ent the bass breakswater I raise my rod high, snap back thetip and wind in. If successful, such movesset the hook, stop the turn of the fish, andcreate a taut line that prevents my quarryfrom reaching the brush. It 's a gamble.But the losing alternative is to give thebass his head and wait a few seconds toset the hook--- -as one wou ld do on manyother lakes.

Lake Powells' brush is composed oflarge and small cottonwood trees, nativebamboo, willows, sage thickets and othertypes of verdure that, once drowned andwater-logged, become strong and supple.It is all but impossible to break even thesmallest branch or twig. And once Mr.Bass spins around the shrubbery you cankiss him and your line goodbye.

Bringing a bass to the net at Lake Pow-ell is another activity that can be differ-ent from the same maneuver at other lakes.For some mysterious reason Powell bassseem overly boat shy. O nce you havefought and won your battle with thebronzeback and you have him in sight withnet at the ready you are apt to relax a bitand begin to swell with pride.

Forget i t! Wait until you have him inthe boat, buddy. No matter how docile he


33/44

the fight, Mr. Bass has one

you're ready for it you canhim by letting him run out a lit-

ine and pe rhaps go a bit deeper than

If my method of fishing for Lake Pow-

fish to jump into their boats, Ifind the biggest gripers are the ones whodrop a line overboard and exepect it towork by itself. Successful bass fishing isa physically demanding sport. Red Barrettagrees. And he has undoubtedly takenmore bass from Lake Powell 's waters thanany other man.

Red specializes in the use of waterdogs(a live salamander, cultivated and soldlocally as legal bait). He likes to ease intoa region where there is a shallow gravel-covered-shoal, cut his engine and quietlyvery quiet lydrif t toward the shoaluntil casting distance. Big lunkers oftenlie on those shoals, especially at nest ingtime in the spring.

Since the shoals dip gradually into thewater, Red can try his luck at varying ele-vations. He prefers depths of eight to tenfeet. He uses a spinning reel and a long

rod that will allow his bait to be thrownsmoothly in a high arc without fear thatwhiplash will tear the waterdog from thehook. He ties the hook directly to the line,using no leader or swivel that might allowfree rotation of the bait during the cast.For small 'dogs, Red ties on a numberfour or six hook. For larger 'dogs heselects a number one.

Hook the waterdog in the mouth, com-ing up from under the lower jaw. Be care-ful to keep the hook in such a positionthat a wriggle will not cause the 'dog todouble-hook itself by piercing another part

of its body. About 18 to 20 inches fromthe hook carefully squeeze a split-shotlead weight directly onto the line. Inspectthis weight periodically to ensure that ithas not slipped or cut into the line.

Gracefully cast the 'dog toward theshoal, let the lead weight take it to thebottom, then wait a moment or two whilethe 'dog realizes that its activity is limitedto circling the weight. If Mr. Bass doesn'tgobble the 'dog on its initial spin aroundthe split-shot, begin to slowly retrieve thedog by consistently pulling, not jerking,

the line.

BULLFROG RESORT& M A R I N AAt the center of the West'smos t spectacu lar playgrouind.LAKE POWELLUTAH

Discover the magnificenceof Lake Powell . . . discoverBullfrog Marina and Resort. The ultimate in vacationexcitement surrounded bythe splendor of miles andmiles of lake and spectacularscenery. You'll thril l at theabsolute solitude of LakePowell as you let yourself beengulfed by its wonderfullyclean, warm air. At Bull-f rog, recreation hits its peakamong dozens of excitingsundrenched activi ties.Camping, swimming andboating on the Lake are sur-passed no where else, andyou can fish 24 hours a dayin the deep, cool waters ofLake Powell, Utah. Here theBass get fat and scrappyand there's always plenty ofTrout, C atf ish, Crappie andBluegill as well. Mobile homesand trailer parks are bothavailable. Your days will befil led with discoveries ofnature that you will neverforget! In fact, we bet thatyou'll already be makingplans for your return toBullfrog on that very day youmust leave it behind. Agrowing favorite of Bullfroggoers is our HouseboatRentals. You can cruise alongpast scenic ancient rocks andcliffs in all the comfort of yourown home. Park where thescenery pleases you mostand then f ish from your frontporch. There's no experiencenecessary, for young or oldalike. Almost all householdnecessities are supplied byBul l f rog. You'll have the time

B u l l f r o gR e s o r t &

of your life on this trulyuniquevacation experience. Get agroup together and shareexpe nses ." Bul l frog also hasa large and modern fleet ofother boats for rent. Chooseanything from a beauti ful4 7 ' luxury liner all the waydown to a small rowboat.Whatever your boating needswe can f i l l them .. . You caneven bring your own boatand use our fully equippedMarina. Don't be disap-pointed . . . make your reser-vations now while thereare still boats available. Youjust can't miss this wonder-fil led adventure of a lifetimeon Fantastic Lake Powell!

FOR FREE BROCHURE SEND TO:BULLFROG RESORT & MARINA HANKSVILLE, UTAH 84734

_ 2 I PI PHONE MOAB, UTAH OPERATOR FOR BULLFROG RESORT 2233 1


34/44

After a day or two of this kind of fish-ing you'll learn, as Red and countlessother waterdog users have, the differencebetween the feel of the drag of the weightover stones, the wriggle of the waterdog,and the nudge or final lunge of the bass.O nce the fish has taken your 'dog an dyou know he 's running with i t , give thetip of your rod that little snap that setsthe hook in the bass's gums and get readyfor a good brawl! Your chal lenge wil l beto keep your bass from getting into the bigrocks where entering a crevice may meansnagging or cutting your line. And, be-lieve me, big roc.-;s are everywhere in LakePowell .

Tf the shoals fail to produce goodcatches of largeniouth, head for sheer rockwalls where small shelves protrude todepths of eight to ten feet. T he shelvesare a natural haunt for bass. By quietlyinching along such walls to a point al-most above the shelves a 'dog can bedropped, cast or trolled so that i t passesnear the shelf and attracts the attention ofany finny occupant.

T her e are other ways to catch bass atLake Powell, of course. More popular allth e time is what I cal l "T he T exas Meth-o d " whereby the angler uses a short, stoutrod and a rubber worm. Cruising amonginundated trees in clean, shallow bays, hethrows his worm about 20 feet directly in-to branches that protrude above the water.At the instant oi a hit the rod must dragthe bass out of the brush before it can be-come hopelessly entangled.

For good, fast action this brand of fish-ing can't be matched. T he secret, of course,is in double-hooking the worm in a man-ner that will keep tip and barbs unexpos-ed , within the rubber, allowing the bait tobe drawn through brush or branches with-out becoming snagged.

As I said, every angler has a system forlanding the wily bass. But to me there isno more beautiful sight than that of abeautiful green f sh rising to the surfacedoing the dazzling hootchy-kootchy thatmeans he 's hungry for a plug .

T hat 's why I say Lake Powell is beauti-ful in more ways than one. It has the beau-tiful ha rd fighting fish and it also hassome of the most beautiful and spectacu-lar scenery in the world, plus placid watersfor water skiing, boating, exploring andjust plain relaxing. So for a weekendorfor your summer vacation this year, try-Lake Powellyou'll never regret or forgetyour adventure!

C o m m o n in coniferous forests,the Stel ler Jay competeswith squirrels fo r foodan d is an exper t at imitatingthe call of hawks .Hans Baerwa ld took th i s photoat the top of th eP a l m S p r i n g s A e r i al T r a m w a yw h e r e th e jays are plent i ful .


35/44

C a l e n d a r o fW e s t e r n E v e n t s1 - D E C E M B ER 22. The Museum ofand Research Center is a non-

a few miles out-of Flagstaff, Arizona. One- of the finest

in the United States, its presentationsand biol-

all related to the history of the W e s t andpen seven days a week, no

THE 46TH A N N U A L F L O W E RW sponsored by the Ju l ian Woman ' sT own H all . Julian, Calif. Also an art

A Y 13 & 14, E U G E N E M IN E R A L C L U B ' Sregon. Write Will is Morris , 2020 Hayes St.,O regon 9740 ">A Y 13 & 14 SAN J O S E A N T I Q U E BOT-

5th an-and sale, Santa Clara County Fair-

San Jose, Calif. Free admission. O ver-

A Y 20 & 21, MAY F E S T IV A L OF G E M Sby the Glendale Lapidary and Gem

1401 N.Rd., Glendale, Calif. Free admission

Los Angeles. Calif. 90041.AY 20 & 21, C O N V A I R R O C K H O U N D

and Mineral Show, 9115San D i e go , Calif. Lo-

U.S. ^9"). Free parking and admis-

AN NU AL CALICO D A Y SN , Y e rm o , Calif. Parade, rodeos,etc. Write American Legion

797. P. O. Box 797. Yermo, Calif. 92398.A Y 27. D A R W I N D A Y S . W e s te r n ce le br a-

Mrs. H. B. Bolin, P.O. Box 100.a r w in . Calif. 93522.

2, T H I R D A N N U A L M U L EAYS sponsored by the Bishop Chamber ofCalif. For information write

of Commerce. City Park, Bishop Calif.10-17 H O R N Y - T O A D E X P E D I T I O N

by the Navajo Tr iba l Museum. Athe back country of Na-

for those interested in geology, arche-FIND BURIED TREASURE

FIVE PATENTED MONEY SAVINGTRANSISTORIZED DETECTORSi:*oMfjg5j 93 SEARCH HEADS INCREASE RANGE

SQICO Writ* for TREE Catalog .T ' ^ i TtNNtNTtN.J. 07763

ology and scenery. Participants must providetheir own 4WD vehicles and sleeping bags.Limited number so if interested write immedi-ately to: Martin Link. Curator, Navajo T ribalMuseum, Window Rock, Arizona 86515.J U N E 10 & II. J A C K PO T OF GEMS spon-sored by the Reno (Nevada) Gem & MineralSociety. Exhibit Building of Reno Fairgrounds.Free admission. Special display of diamonds.Write Jean Parrish, 923 Gordon Ave., Reno.Nevada 89502.J U N E 17 & 18, B A RB ED W I R E S H O W ANDA N N U A L C O N V E N T I O N of the CaliforniaBarbed Wire Collectors Association, RoyalPalms Motor Hotel . 200 Union Ave., Bakers-field. Calif. Exhibits of antique barbed wire,fencing tools and associated material. Admis-sion free. Write Herbert Rock, 1924 Haley St..B akersfield, Calif. 9.3306.JUNE 23-25 . GEMS OF THE D E S E R T s p on -sored by the Mineralogical Society of Arizonaand the Rocky Mountain Federation of Miner-alogical Societies,, Arizona State Fairgrounds.19th & McD owell Streets, Phoenix, A rizona.More than $1,000,000 in special gem and min-eral displays. D ealers, swap tables, field trips.Write Robert Adams, 4222 E. Piccadilly Rd..Phoenix, Arizona 85018.JUNE 17-18BLUFF ALL T R I B ES I N D I A ND A Y S .J U N E 1 8 N A V A J O R O D E O . F ry br ea d con-test, foot and horse races. Competitive Indiandancing. Bluff. Utah .

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A R T H R I T I S ?MANY FIND RELIEF WITHFORMULA 'N '

M e d i c a l l i t e r a t u r e s ugge s t s t h a t3 - 4 g rams N i a c i n a m i d e daily p lusB g , B.J2. and P a n t o t h e n a t e imp rovej o i n t mo b i l i t y a n d l e ssen p a i n .Harmless v i ta mi ns -n o s ide e f f e c t s .3 WEEK SUPPLY ONLY $5.22FORMULA CO . 93305

IT . WHITNEY PORTAL^ FOt?ST SERVILE ^F/SMAJG, Ht'KlNG, BIGTREES,IC, BO CA-VE D W A T E M

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LONE PINELOS ANGELES

O DEATH VALLEYL O N E P I N E

C H A M B E R 0 l : C O M M E R C EGdlcun; tn Death Valley"

Offices in Department of Water andPower BideB o x 5 5 2 , L o n e P i n e , C a l if o r n ia 9 3 5 4 5

N o t e s f r o m t h e F i e l dFor CampersA directory listing 529 campgrounds

in theNational Parks hasbeen publishedby theIn terior D epartment . Send 25c percopy to theGovernm ent Print ing O ffice,Wash ing ton , D.C. 20402, to receive acopy. Ask for "Camping in the Nat ionalPark System."

C A L I F O R N I AAs stated in the article, Canon Rio de

Las Animas, (Oct. 71), permission tous e the private roads may be obtained,locally, from thesuperintendent at AftonSiding.

M r s . Louise Kempton, Field T ripChairman of thePalmdale Gem Club,ad-vises that permission in advance of a tripma y be secured from: R.D. Smith, Supt.,Union Pacific Railroad, 5500 FergusonD r ., Los Angeles , Calif. 90023 . (Ourthanks to Mrs. Kempton for sharing thisinformation with our readers .)

S toddard Wel l s Val l eyT welve thousand acres of public land

in Stoddard Wells Valley have been setaside for off-road vehicle use. Signs havebeen erected to show theboundary limits.

Interested parties may obtain detailedmaps of the area from: B.L.M., River-

side office, 1414 University Ave., River-side, Calif. 92502. Price of the maps is25 . . - each.

Tol tec MineCliff Boswell of Arroyo Grande visited

the Toltec Turquoise Mine, in San Ber-nardino County. He reports the old tinshack is gone . Th i s is toobad, as it madea good marker for the trail leading up themountain to the mine.

A R I Z O N AT he Pick & Shovel Antique Bottle Clubof Phoenix enjoyed a field trip to theGladiator Mine north of Crown King.They report some interesting bottles andrelics were found.

N E V A D AAttention Cylists

Nevada's new motorcycle safety law-went into effect on January 1, 1972. Allpersons driving or riding as passengers,must wear an approved helmet and pro-tective glasses, goggles or face shield.En-forcement canbe expected.

S teamboat Spr ingsT his mineral and agate collecting area,

10 miles south of Reno on Highway 395,is closed to all collecting. The road is

STOP THATTHIEF WITHIOCKSTRAPA revolutionary new designsecures all G.I. fuel cans toyour carrier or holder andlocks your filler cap.Attachesto back of carrier. All steelconstruction, zinc _ Aplated. Type B O n l y S / i O U

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ze attainAQUASPRING Purif ier-Distil ler produces wateras nature intendedleaving behind chlorine,salts, i ron, sulfates, all impurit ies and bad tastes.Costs pennies per ga l lon .AQUASPRING water is delicious. Beverages,f ood , everythin g tastes better. Once you tastethe difference you'll never want to dr ink ord i-nary water again.Compact, plugs in like a toaster, no plumbinghook-ups whatev er. Take it wherever you go.Write now for f ree informat ion.U N I T E D V I T O - W A YP. O. Box 1028, 1930E.Pacific, Dept.D-6Albany, Oregon 97321 Tel. (503) 926-3581


37/44

and permission is not given for

New Si lver StrikeT he bu i ld ing of a new road to the Ich-

has uncover-ore assaying at $35 per ton.

of the road to t.:ie summit . The re-of the road and its paving to

to the park.

P ah rumpGovernor Mike O'Callahan recently

a state historical marker at theof Chief T ccopa, famed Paiute

1 Fifteen acres of land surroundingto Nye

and will be developed into ay park. Gove rnor O 'Cal lahan, in his

"Chief T ecopa carried onthe spirit of orderly devel-

[.ike the poplar tree along thehe swayed with the wind and

his people to the new si tuat ion."

Fernley WoodT he famous opalized wood area on the

has been closed to collect-1 %9 when the deposit was ex-

1 stopped and talked with Mr.and he asked me to remind ourthe area is permanently closed to

He stated he would make no

H i g h w a y 395, N o r t hT h e r e is a lack of ciose-to-the-road,

395to the O regon borde r . An ex-

to this is Red Rock Canyon, 9.1of Hallelujah Junc

197206 desert magazine 1972 june

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