11 January 1974 SCIENCE:Volume 183, No. 4120

This is the first issute of vollumiie 183.No 4 January 1974 was plublished.

LETTERS Forest Planning: D. J. Zinni; P. C. Wakeley; World Foid Situation:W. H. Pawley; Advantages of Surface Mining: D. L. Kluck; Citation Analysis:S. A. Goud.stnit; J. D. McGervey; R. J. Yaes; J. R. Cole and S. Cole ........

EDITORIAL Social Experiments: Promise and Problems: A. M1. Rivlin ...................

ARTICLES The Earth's Magnetosphere: J. G. Roedlerer.............................Genetic Control of the Cell Division Cycle in Yeast: L. H. Hartwell et al.........Scholarly Exchainges vith the People's Republic of China: H. Brown ............

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Smithsonian Center: A Phenonmenon in Its Own Right ......................Energy in Britain: Shopping for a New Reactor ..........................Helium Conservation Prograni: Casting It to the Winds .....................

Molecular Probes: A New Way to Study Gene Expression ...................

The Titius-Bode Law of Planetary Distances, reviewed by M. Lecar; Limnologyof a Small Malayan River Sungai Gombak, H. B. N. Hynes; Genetics ofSex Differentiation, A. D. Bloomw, Thymic Hormones, R. D. A. Petersonl;The Evolufion of Melanism, H. L. Carsoni; Mechanical Properties of Bone,J. D. CurreY; Phloem Translocation, J. H. Trolughton; Books Received ........

REPORTS [Ihe Silica-Alumllina System: Stable and Metastable Equilibria at 1.0 Atmosphere:1. A. Aksav and J. A. Pask. .

Mesoscale Ocean Eddies in the North Pacific: Westward Propagation: R. L. Bel1,stein.Gas-Rich Meteorites: Possible Evidence for Origin on a Regolith:

D. Mac(douCgJall, R. S. Rajan, P. B. Price ..................................Aerosols and Climate: P. Ci lIck and J. A. Coakley, J..........................

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE RICHARD H. BOLT BARRY COMMONERRetiring President, Chairman President President Elect LEWIS M. BRANSCOMB EMILIO Q. DADDARIOCHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SECRETARIES OF Lipman Bers Edwin M. McMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank D. DrakeAAAS SECTIONS F. A. Ficken Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. Landolt

PSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L)Carl P. Duncan Robert K. Merton Ernest NagelWilliam D. Garvey Harvey Sapolsky Dudley ShapereINDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S'Jacob E. Goldman Gordon Swanson Martin Cattoni William HellerJordan D. Lewis Phillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DIVISIONGunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President Executive Secretary-TrearSCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in December, but with an extra issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the Advancement ofScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly'i. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright (c) 1974 bythe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overseas $6, air lift to Europe $18.Single copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific Instruments which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 10 months $25. Provide 6 weeks notice forchange of address, giving new and old address and zip codes. Send a recent address label. Science is indexed in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature.

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Initestinal Lactase Activity in the Stickling Rat: Influence of Hypophysectomyand Thyroidectomy: K. Ye/i and F. Moog .77

Australia Antigen: Detection and Transmission in Shellfish: P. Ma/ltone et al . 80a-Ketoglutaramate: Increased Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients

in Hepatic Coma: F. Vergara, F. Plum, T. E. Dulffy ................ 81Transplantation of Allogeneic Bone Marrow in Canine Cyclic Neutropenia:

D. C. Dale and R. G. Graw, Jr. .......................................... 83Primary Sequence Dependence of the Deamidation of Rabbit Muscle Aldolase:

J. H. McKerrow and A. B. Robinsonl ...8.................................... 85GUanylate Cyclase: Inhibition by Light in Retinal Photoreceptors:

R. E. Benvsinger, R. T. Fletcher, G. J. Cali.der .86In vivo Inhibition of Growth of Two Hormone-Dependent Mammary Ttumors by

Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP: Y. S. Cho-Chlung and P. M. Glllit1o .... ................. 87Sex Pheromones: (E,E)-8,10-Dodecadien-l-ol in the Codling Moth:

Al. Bercoal, B. A. Bierl, H. R. Moffitt .89Cieutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: FocLus among Libyan Jews in Israel: E. Kallatan et al .. 90Lead Pica ProdLuced in Rats: C. T. Snowvdlon and B. A. San(lson . .92Antireceptor Antiserum Causes Specific Inhibition of Reactivity to Rat

Histocompatibility Antigens: T. J. McKearn .94Neuiial Pathways from Thalamus Associated with Regulation of Aggressive

Behavior: R. J. Band(/ler, Jr., anid J. P. F/wvll ................................. 96Neonate Movement Is Synchronized with Adult Speech: Interactional Par-ticipation

and Langtuage Acquisition: W. S. ConIloti and L. W. Sanider- 99T(ehnical Coonunlentts: On the Directionality of Medial Forebrain Bundle Fibers

Mediating Self-Stimulation: J. S. Yeomnan.s and H. S. Koopmnan-.; D. C. Germanand F. A. IIollowav; Acanthaster: Tests of the Time Course of Corcal DestrLiction:W'. A. Ness an indT T. F. )( a .....I)a...................................... 102

SAN FRANCISCOMEETING

PRODUCTS ANDMATERIALS

Science: Challenges of Today-Outlook for the Future: H. J. CarI1so,i; PreliminalryProgram: AAAS Science Film Festival; HOuLsing and Registration Forms .....

{Gel Electrophoresis System; Human Cell Culture System; Blood Flowmeter:Scanning Electron Microscope; Printing Counter; Mass Spectrometerl eak Detectors; LiteratuLre ....................................

EDWARD E. DAVID, JR.WARD H. GOODENOUGH

(GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E)Helmut LandsbergRamon E. BisqueENGINEERING (M)R ynor L. DuncombeC Towner FrenchINFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATION (T)

Jordan BaruchScott Adams

CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDENPHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G)Dorothy BlissRichard J. Goss

MEDICAL SCIENCES (N)Robert A. GoodF. Douglas Lawrason

STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERFrederick Mosteller SCIENCESEzra Glaser Max A. Koh

Louis J. Ba

WILLIAM BEVANExecutive Officer

ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Richard N. AdamsAnthony Leeds

AGRICULTURE (0)Roy L. LovvornMichael A. Farrell

RIC AND HYDROSPHERICS (W)hlerittan

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its obiects are to furthet the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, toimprove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under-standing and appreciation of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

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Nomnarski interference-contrast micro-graph of ain alumilnumL-silicate mix-ture of stoichiometric mullite com-position showing peritectic microstruc-ture formed by slow cooling of a ho-mogenized melt. Interpretation of suchmicrostructures with the aid of dif-fusion couple technique results in anew SiO.,-Al ,O: phase diagram (aboutX 1200). See page 69. [llhan A. Ak-say and Joseph A. Pask, Departmentof Materials Science and Engineeringand Inorganic Materials Research Di-vision, Lawrence Berkeley Labora-tory, University of California. Berke-iev I

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18 January 1974 ^E..Volume 183, No. 4121

LETTERS Reproduction, Technology, and the Behavioral Sciences: W. B. Miller;Safety of Medical Devices: G. J. Magovern; Heart Panel's Report:J. H. Comroe, Jr.; Computer Systems: D. J. Frailey; "Back-to-the-Wall"Effect Continues: W. Simon ....................................

EDITORIAL Overmanagement of Medicine: W. C. Wescoe ............................

ARTICLES The Osmotic Pump: 0. Levenspiel and N. de Nevers .......................

Distributed Relaxation Processes in Sensory Adaptation: J. Thorson andM. Biederman-Thorson .......................................

Norway: Small Country Plans Civil Science and Technology: J. B. Quinnand R. Major ..............................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Office of Management and Budget: The View from the Executive Office ..........Mead Elected AAAS President .....................................Oil Shortage: Demand Down, Supply Up ...............................Raw Materials: United States Grows More Vulnerable to Third World Cartels .....

Update on Mars: Clues about the Early Solar System ......................

The Variation and Adaptive Expression of Antibodies, reviewed by R. F. Doolittle;Motivation of Human and Animal Behavior, N. T. Adler; An Atlas ofPrimate Gross Anatomy, R. Tuttle; Wasps, H. E. Evans; Palaeoethnobotany,H. C. Cutler; Structure-Activity Relationships of Protein and PolypeptideHormones, T. A. Bewley; Books Received ...........................

GLENN T. SEA jORGRetiring President, Chairman

.MATHEM ATICS (ALi_manB_ rs

AF.A. Ficken

PSYCHOLOGY CJ)rl P D,ncan

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P)JobonE. Goldman

Jordan D.. LeIwis ;:. ::

LEWARD M.:RIESER~~P id

ROGER REVELLEPresident-Elect

~~~CHIin M4 M oMilIan

,h,{ 0;Le

SOCIAL AND ECOOMIC SCIENCES (K)

EDUCATION (Q) DEGordon Swanson MI

Phillip R. Fordyce Sli

IEMISTRY (C)omas E. Taylor''D Schubert

ENTISTRY (R)iartin Cattonio.lom S: Pe8riman

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION'Gunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T Orr

P resident E xecutive Secretar Presi et srer

SCIENCE is published: weekly, except the last week in Dceamber, but.with an extra issue on the fourth Tuesday in November.Science. 1515 Massahusth AvWn. NW. 'Washington D.C. 7f2000 u,*nhinad withiThe Stionfifir- Man hiv

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HISTORY AND.- PH,ILOSOPHY OFSCIENCE

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REPORTS "Internal Waves" Advancing along Submarine Canyons: F. P. Shepard,N. F. Marshall, P. A. McLoughlint ................................ 195

Atmospheric Concentrations and Sources of Trace Metals at the South Pole:W. H. Zoller, E. S. Gladney, R. A. Duce ............................ 198

Temporal Bone Preservation in a 2600-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy: G. E. Lynnand J. T. Benitez ........................................... 200

Toxic Trace Elements: Preferential Concentration in Respirable Particles:D. F. S. Natusch, J. R. Wallace, C. A. Evans, Jr ....................... 202

Postseismic Viscoelastic Rebound: A. Nur and G. Mavko .................... 204Ordered Lattice Defects in Colored Fluorite: Direct Observations: L. E. Muirr ... ... 206Ethane Evolution: A New Index of Lipid Peroxidation: C. A. Riely,

G. Cohen, M. Lieberman ...................................... 208Industrial Air Pollution: Possible Effects on Lung Cancer: H. R. Menck,

J. T. Casagrande, B. E. Henderson ................................ 210DNA Synthesis and Mitosis in Well-Differentiated Mammalian Cardiocytes:

M. A. Goldstein, W. C. Claycomb, A. Schwartz ....................... 212Miniature End Plate Potentials Recorded from Mammalian Myoneural Junctions

in vivo: T. B. Hoekman, K. L. Dretchen, F. G. Standaert .... ............ 213Carcinogenicity of Methylchrysenes: D. Hoffmann, W. E. Bondinell, E. L. Wynder 215Aging Increases Susceptibility of Mouse Skin to DMBA Carcinogenesis

Independent of General Immune Status: P. Ebbesen .................... 217*Thymus Adenylate Cyclase Activity during Murine Leukemogenesis: R. G. Kemp

and R. J. Duquesnoy ......................................... 218Norepinephrine Uptake into Cerebral Cortical Synaptosomes after One Fight or

Electroconvulsive Shock: B. L. Welch, E. D. Hendley, I. Turek .... ........ 220

SAN FRANCISCOMEETING

Industry in the San Francisco Bay Area: R. J. Lamb, Jr.; The Wine Industryof California ...............................................

MEETINGS The Sea and Its Resources: H. B. Stewart, Jr.; Microcalorimetry Techniques:Applications to Cellular Systems: P. D. Ross; Forthcoming Events ..........

EDWARD E, DAVID JR. CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWA RD H. GOODENOGH PHYLLIS V. PARKINS Trea$urer Executive OffiCerGEOLOGY AND; GEOGRAPHY0 (E), BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Helmut Landsberg Dorothy Bliss Richard N. Adams:Ramon E. sBisue Richard J. Goss Anthony Leeds

E'NGINEERING (M) MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULtURE (0)RVnor L iD0uncombe Robert A. Good Roy Loworn-C. Towner Fr0ech F.Douglas Lawrasn Michael FarrellINF RMATIONAND STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERICCOMMUNICAION (I) Frederick~Mosteller SCIENCES (W)

Jordqn Baruch Ezra Glaser Max A. Kohlert4Scott Adams Louis i. Battan

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Crevasse in area where Ross IceBarrier meets Rockefeller Plateau,Antarctica. See page 198. U.S. Navy]

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25 January 1974

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Volume 183, No. 4122

LETTERS Reducing Automotive Emissions: W. G. Agnew; Marathoning: T. J. Bassler;Rainfall in the Amazon Basin: T. C. Emmel; Radiation Effects: C. L. Comar....

EDITORIAL Pioneer 10 Mission to Jupiter.......................................

ARTICLES Computers and Future Music: M. V. Mathews, F. R. Moore, J. C. Risset..........

Some Aspects of Intracellular Parasitism: W. Trager .......................

Predicting Success in Graduate Education: W. W. Willingham ................

The Conception of Nature in Japanese Culture: M. Watanabe ................

Soaring Prices and Sinking Sales of Science Monographs: C. G. Benjamin .........

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Prescription Drugs: HEW Will Only Pay Lowest Price ......................

Office of Management and Budget: New Accent on the "M" in OMB ...........

Energy R&D: Weinberg Moves to the White House ......................

Law of the Sea: Energy, Economy Spur Secret Review of U.S. Stance.

Moons of Jupiter: Io Seems to Play an Important Role .........................

Superconductivity: Surpassing the Hydrogen Barrier .......................

How to Make a Superconducting Wire .................................

Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, vols. 62-64, reviewed byW. A. Haviland; Sedimentary Structures of Ephemeral Streams,E. F. McBride; Form and Pattern in Human Evolution, D. M. Raup; Biologyof Coccinellidae, K. S. Hagen; Man against Tsetse, J. D. Gillett; Books Reoeived

REPORTS Pioneer 10: C. F. Hall ...................................................

Pioneer 10 Mission: Summary of Scientific Results from the Encounter withJupiter: A. G. Opp ...................................................

Preliminary Pioneer 10 Encounter Results from the Ames Research Center PlasmaAnalyzer Experiment: J. H. Wolfe et al.....................................

Magnetic Field of Jupiter and Its Interaction with the Solar Wind: E. J. Smith et al.....

Protons and Electrons in Jupiter's Magnetic Field: Results from theUniversity of Chicago Experiment on Pioneer 10: J. A. Simpson et al.............

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00WARDDIRECTOR 'GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M.: RIESER ROGER REVELLE RICHARDfH. BtOLT- BARRY COMMONER.Retiring President, Chairman Prsident President-Elect LEWIS BRANSCO EMIL

CHARM N ^ MATHEMATICS PHYSICS(B) CHEMIST (C) ASTRONOMY (D);-08g?CRM-RIEN -OFxAND0: Lijpman: Bers ; lEdwin tM. NMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank 0.Drak

~~~Ficken Rolf M Sin clair L Sch rtA ria U -.AAA1S SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOGY C:) SOCIAL ANDNECONOMIC SCIENCE (K) PHILOSOPHY' (L:W|[t0* ;00fR0)Arl Du nca n Robert X. Nerton N eWilliam :!). Gervey H

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P DENTiSTRY PHARM SCIENCES (lGold odo Sw en so to aIle

Jordanr .0Lewis PhillipR. Fordyce Shalom Petrlmnan

-00000:0DIVISIO0NS 000X000 ::::i''0; 04t-'tALASKA DIVISION PACIFICDIVISION SOUTHWESTER AND

Gunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Owf Gordon L. Ben-der Max P. Dunford

President Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President ExecutiveScetr-Tr,ea

SCIENCE Is pubished weeklY, except 00heslat Week in Decmbe, but wit an sxtra onthe1 fourth Tuesday November, by the America Asocation for the1515 Wafsin witific thly@..Second-class paid at W ashington, D.C. Co

the:Xf f American :Association :for the Advancement of Sciance. Member ratesnrOcuest. Annual subcriotion $30, fteign postase: Amerias ameas S6. air lift

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Energetic Electrons in the Magnetosphere of Jupiter: J. A. Van Allen et al .............. 309

Energetic Particle Population in the Jovian Magnetosphere: A Preliminary Note:J. H. Trainor et al. .................................................... 311

Radiation Belts of Jupiter: R. W. Fillilus and C. E. McIlivaini ....................... 314

Pioneer 10 Infrared Radiometer Experiment: Preliminary Results:S. C. Clhase et al. ................................................... 315

Pioneer 10 Observations of the Ultraviolet Glow in the Vicinity of Jupiter:D. L. Judge and R. W. Car/soni .......................................... 317

The Imaging Photopolarimeter Expei-iment on Pioneer 10: T. Gchrels et al. 318

Particle Concentration in the Asteroid Belt from Pioneer 10: R. K. Sobermanl,S. L. Neste, K. Lichtenf.eld ............................................. 320

Interplanetary and Near-Junjfter Met'oroid Envi-onments: P-r!iminary Resultsfrom the Meteoroid Detection Experiment: W. H. Kinard et al. 321

Gravitational Parameters of the Jupiter System from the Doppler Tracking ofPioneer 10: J. D. Andersoni, G. W. Null, S. K. ........................Worg322

Preliminary Results on the Atmospheres of lo and Jupiter from the Pioneer 10S-Band Occultation Experiment: A. Kliore et al. ......... .................... 323

An Enzymatic Mechanism for the Antithiombotic and Antihemostatic Actions ofAspirin: A. L. Willis . .......................................... 325

Acetylenic Analog of Arachidonate That Acts Like Aspirin on Platelets:A. L. Willis, D. C. Ku/lin, H. J. Weiss ..................................... 327

Spheroid Chromatin Units (v Bodies): A. L. Olinis and D. E. Olins .... .............. 330

Tolerance to Heterologous Eiythrocytes: R. Alierbac/l and J. Roethle .... ............ 332

Detection of Heat-Labile Esclherichia coli Entei-otoxin with the Use of Adrenal Cells inTissue Culture: S. T. Donta, H. W. Moon, S. C. Whipp ....................... 334

Electroencephalographic Evidence for Retention of Olfactory Cues in HomingCoho Salmon: J. C. Cooper and A. D. Hasler ............................... 336

Near Identity of Cognitive Structure in Two Ethnic Groups: J. C. DeFries et al. 338

Hydrolysis of the Lectin of Otala lactea: S. Matsubara and W. C. Boyd .339

SAN FRANCISCOMEETING

PRODUCTS ANDMATERIALS

Education in the San Francisco Bay Area: C. Irving;SCIENCEPHERE '74 ................................................

Graphic Display Interface for Minicomputers; Microscope Slide Mount; LiquidChromatograph; Sterile Tips for Liquid Transfer; Literature ..............

COVER

EDWARD E. DAVID, JR.WARD H. GOODENOUGH

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E)Helmut LandsbergRamon E. BisqueENGINEERING (M)Raynor L. Duncombev. Towner FrenchINFORMATION ANDCOMMUNICATION (T)

Jordan BaruchScott Adams

CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDENPHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G)Dorothy BlissRichard J. Goss

MEDICAL SCIENCES (N)Robert A. GoodF. Douglas Lawrason

STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERFrederick Mosteller SCIENCESEzra Glaser Max A. Koh

Louis J. Bal

WILLIAM BEVANExecutive Officer

ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Richard N. AdamsAnthony Leeds

AGRICULTURE (0)Roy L. LovvornMichael A. Farrell

IIC AND HYDROSPHERICS (W)hlerittan

Jupiter's red spot and a shadow of themoon (plus Jupiter's cloud structure)taken at 11:02 p.m. on 1 Decemberas NASA's Pioneer 10 spacecraft wasabout 2.5 million kilometers from theplanet. Images are made on tapes;flown into Tucson daily; and processedin black and white after being recti-fied and interpolated at the Universityof Arizona. See page 301. [NationalAeronautics and Space Administration,Washington, D.C.]

The American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in1874. Its objects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, toimprove the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under-standing and appreciation of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

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Volume 183, No. 4123

LETTERS Biotic Energy Flows: G. M. Woodwell; Virus Cancer Program: V. Groips;PCB's: Another Source?: P. E. Gaffney; Instability of N-Nitrosamides:W. Lijinsky; Human Ecology: C. H. Mluller..........................

EDITORIAL AAAS Meetings A

ARTICLES Interstellar Hydrogen in Galaxies: M. S. Roberts ..........................

The Keller Plan in Science Teaching: J. A. Kulik, C.-L. Kulik, K. Carm-lichlael......Copyright, Public Policy, and Information Technology: N. L. Henry ............

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Office of Management and Budget: Skeptical Vie,w of Scientific Advice ...........

Off-Road Vehicles: A Compromise Plan for the California Desert ...............

Theoretical Ecology: Beginnings of a Predictive Science .....................

Visual Information Processing, reviewed by U. Neisser; Pattern Recognition,Learning, and Thought, E. Hutnt; Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors,J. J. Hopfield; The Physiology of Insecta, J. W. Trutman and L. M. Riddiford;Atoms and Molecules in Astrophysics, A. Dalgarno; The Biology of the IndianOcean, J. Steele; Magnetic Interactions in Solids, W. P. Wolf ..............

REPORTS Venus Clouds: Structure and Composition: A. T. Young ...........................

Suppression of Nitrogen Fixation by Blue-Green Algae in a Eutrophic Lakewith Trace Additions of Copper: A. J. Hom-ze and C. R. Goldman ...............

Detection of Radon Emission at the Edges of Lunar Maria with the ApolloAlpha-Particle Spectrometer: P. Gorenisteii, L. Golub, P. Bjorkholm ..............

Radon-222 from the Island of Hawaii: Deep Soils Are More Important thanLava Fields or Volcanoes: M. H. Wilketning .................................

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE RICHARD M. BOLT BARRY COMIMONERRetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect LEWIS M. BRANSCOMB EMILIO Q. DADDARIO

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (II)~~~~Lipman Bers Edwin M. McMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank D. Drake

AAAS SECTIONSF. A. Ficken Roif M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltPSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCECarl P. Duncan Robert K. Merton Ernest NagelWilliam D. Garvey Harvey Sapolsky Dudley Shapere

INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCESIJacob E. Goldman Gordon Swanson Martin Cattoni William HellerJordan D. Lewis Phillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN*DIVI10Gunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Treasurer President Executive Secretry*TrSCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in December, but with an extra Issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Associaton for the AdntementScience, 1515 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, D.C. 20005. Now combined with In Scientific Monthly®. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright 1:974the Ameritan Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overses $6. air lift to Et0roe15Single topies S1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific Instruments which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 10 months $25. 6 wekcsnotie f-Cchange of address, giving new and old address and zip codes. Send a recent address label. Science Is indexed in the Reades Guide to Periodical Utuat:e.

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCZMENT OF SCIENCE

Fecal Bacterial p-Glucuronidase: Control by Diet: B. S. Reddy,J. H. Weisburger, E. L. Wynzder .......................................... 416

Synaptic Transmission between Photoreceptors and Horizontal Cells in theTurtle Retina: L. Cervetto and M. Piccolino ................................ 41 7

Inhibition of Cellular Mediated Immunity in Marihuana Smokers: G. C. Nahaset al. ............................................................... 419

Amphetamine in Human Plasma: A Sensitive and Specific Enzymatic Assay:D. S. Kreluz and J. Axelrod .420

High-Frequency C-Type Virus Introduction by Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis:S. A. Aaronson and C. Y. Dunnz .......................................... 422

Beta Cell Protection to Alloxan Necrosis by Anomers of D-Glucose:A. A. Rossini et al . .................................................... 424

Neurons in Rhesus Monkey Vistual Cortex: Systematic Relation between Time ofOrigin and Eventual Disposition: P. Rakic .425

Deuterium Oxide Effect on Temperature-Dependent Survival in Populationsof Drosophila melanogaster: H. V. Samis, M. B. Baird, H. R. Massie .... .......... 427

Reduction of Ferricytochrome c by Some Free Radical Agents: A. Sliafermaniand G. Stein...... . 428

Protein Kinase Translocation as an Early Event in the Hormonal Control ofUterine Contraction: S. G. Korenman et al. .................................. 430

Carbonic Anhydrase and Osteoclasts: Localization by Labeled InhibitorAutoradiography: C. V. Gay and W. J. Mueller .............................. 432

Mycoplasma-Like Structures in the Aquatic Fungus Aphaniomyces astaci:1. B. Heatli and T. Unestam ......... .................................... 434

Calcium Ion Release in Mechanically Disrupted Heart Cells: W. G. L. Kerrickand P. M. Best ................................................ ........ 435

Proton Relaxation Rates of Water in Brain and Brain Tumors: R. G. Pairrislh et al. 438

Artificial Vision for the Blind: Electrical Stimulation of Visual Cortex OffersHope for a Functional Prosthesis: W. H. Dobelle, M. G. Mladejovsky, J. P. Girvin 440

Technical Comments: Dynamics of Expanding Inhibitory Fields: R. A. Armstrong;J. L. Jackson; L. G/ass; Analysis of Neutrality in Protein Polymorphism:W. J. Exve,is and M. W. Feldmani; T. Yamazaki and T. Maruyama 444

MEETINGS Beryllium Disease: J. D. Stoeckle and T. Mancuso ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... 449

EDWARD E. DAVID, JR. CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWARD H. GOODENOUGH PHYLLIS V. PARKINS Treasurer Executive Officer

GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H)Helmut Landsberg Dorothy Bliss Richard N. AdamsRamon E. Bisque Richard J. Goss Anthony LeedsENGINEERING (M) MEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0)Raynor L. Duncombe Robert A. Good Roy L. LovvornC. Towner French F. Douglas Lawrason Michael A. FarrellINFORMATION AND STATISTICS (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERICCOMMUNICATION (T) Frederick Mosteller SCIENCES (W)

Jordan Baruch Ezra Glaser Max A. KohlerScott Adams Louis J. Battan

American Association for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and incorporated in.74. Its oilects are to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among them, topro the effectiveness of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to increase public under-nding and arciation :of the Importance and promise of the methods of science in human progress.

COVER

Cathode-ray tube display, showing themap of punctate visual sensations("phosphenes") elicited in the visualfield of a totally blind patient. Thenumbers indicate the position in theimplanted array of the stimulatingelectrode associated with each phos-phene. See page 440. [Institute forBiomedical Engineering, University ofUtah, Salt Lake City]

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8 February 1974Volume 183, No. 4124

LETTERS Tar Sand Technology: G. S. H. Lock; Aid to Indochina: S. Uk; CopernicanObservations: R. Berendzen; A. L. Hammond; Multinational Corporations:J. D. Pozo-Olano; P. A. Dickey; D. C. MacMichael; Cancer and Adventists:R. L. Phillips; Homogenized Milk and Atherosclerosis: J. P. Zikakis;The "Relevance" of Basic Science: S. Gale ...........................

EDITORIAL No Easy Way Out of Energy Crisis ..................................

ARTICLES Coal and the Present Energy Situation: E. F. Osborn .......................

H-ow Big Is a Chunk?: H. A. Simon ..................................

Status of Women Microbiologists: E. R. Kashket et al.......................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

Eradicating the Boll Weevil: Would It Be a No-Win War? ..................

A New Look at Federal Science .....................................

Proxmire Hits NSF Research Priorities, Funding Flexibility ..................

Computer Sales to U.S.S.R.: Critics Look for Quid Pro Quos ................

Manganese Nodules (I): Mineral Resources on the Deep Seabed ..............

L'Origine du Systeme Solaire, reviewed by 1. Rasool; A Revolution in the EarthSciences, B. C. Heezen; Cytochromes, R. E. Dickerson; Rise Up to Life,H. F. Dowling; The Chemistry of Organophosphorus Pesticides, R. L. Metcalf;Nucleotide Metabolism, A.Kornberg; Genetic Control of ImmuneResponsiveness, J. A. Gall.y: Books Received ..........................

REPORTS Slaty Cleavage: Incipient Occurrences in the Deep Sea: J. C. Moore and J. E. Geigle ......

The Brunhes Epoch: Isotopic Paleotemperatures and Geochronology: C. Emilianiand N. J. Shackleton ...................................................

Transvaal Stromatolite: First Evidence for the Diversification of Cellsabout 2.2 X 10' Years Ago: L. A. Nagy ....................................

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Sargasso Sea Atmosphere and Surface Wate,r:T. F. Bidleman and C. E. Olney ..........................................

Protodolomite Synthesis at 100'C and Atmospheric Pressure: A. M. Gaines.............

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS GLENN T. SEABORG ENARD MORIESGER REVELLE RICHARD H. BOLTPresidenit, Cairman Preident President-Elect SCOMW EMILIO Q.

CHAIRMEN AND MATHEMATICS PHYSICS (0) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SECRETARIES OF :00V0::::: ::Lipman Bers Edwin N. McMillan Thomas E. Taylor Frank 0. Drake

F. Ficein Rolf M. Sinclair LAo LandoltAAAS SECTIONS

PSYCHOLOQY: QI) SOCAL ECONOMICSCIIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCECarl P. Duncnan Rober Ernest Nage

arvey Shayerea:IND13U1STRIAL: :EDATIOl-N DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICALJacob E. Goldman Swanson Martin Cattoni William HIlerJordan 0. Lewis R,F:PhiWip : Sholom Pearlman John Autian

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIvIStON PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN DJIVIRIGuinter E. Weller lrma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretanry President Secretary-Treasurer President 'Executive :Secetr

SCIENCE is published weekly, except the last week in. but with an siftra Issue on the fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Aswsoation~for the Advancmn

Science, 1515 Massachus*et tsAve., NW, Wahton, D.C. bined with The Scientific Monthly®. Second-class posta paid at Washi nton, D.C. CopyrighttLthe American Association for the Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreign postage: Americas $4, overss $6, air lift Eurpe$Single copies $1 (back issues, $2)e3xcto Guide to, Sciti Istrm which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 10 mnths$25.

change of addres, giving new andotld and zi 0c Sedairet t adr"ss Ind ad to PerIodi

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AMERICAN A5S:1ATI@N r.n TIlE ADVAR0MEW ! 5CI5Hz;

Toxaphene Insecticide: A Complex Biodegradable Mixture: J. E. Casida et al. 520

Phosphate Absorption Capacity and Acclimation Potential in Plants along aLatitudinal Gradient: F. S. Chapin, I ..................................... 21

Plasma Dopamine 8-Hydroxylase: A Possible Aid in the Study and Evaluationof Hypertension: S. M. Schanberg et al. .................................... 523

Tracheobronchial Epithelial Multinucleation in Malignant Disease: J. Chalon et al ......... 25

Paradoxical Increase in Rate of Catabolism of Low-Density Lipoproteins afterHepatectomy: A. D. Sniderman et al....................................... 526

Biosynthesis of a-Ecdysone by Prothoracic Glands in vitro: H. Chino et al ............. 529

Nutritional Significance of Symbiotic Bacteria in Two Species of Hemoflagellates:K.-P. Chang and W. Trager .531

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate: Selective Increase in Caudate Nucleus afterAdministration of L-Dopa: E. Garelis and N. H. Nef5 S32

Tumor Development after 3-Methylcholanthrene in Immunologically DeficientAthymic-Nude Mice: 0. Stutma. .534

Piperidine Increase in the Brain of Dormant Mice: M. Stepita-Klauco,H. Dolezalova, R. Fairweather .536

Serotonin Storage in Platelets: Estimation of Storage-Packet Size: J. L. Costa,T. S. Reese, D. L. Murphy .537

Apomorphine: Modification of Its Hyperthermic Effect in Rabbits byp-Chlorophenylalanine: R. M. Quock and A. Horita .539

Cerebroside Antibody Inhibits Sulfatide Synthesis and Myelination andDemyelinates in Cord Tissue Cultures: J. M. Fry et al .540

Excitability Changes in Cat Lateral Geniculate Cells during Saccadic EyeMovements: H. Noda and W. R. Adey .543

Torpor in an Andean Hummingbird: Its Ecological Significance: F. L. Carpenter .545

Regeneration Electrode Units: Implants for Recording from Single PeripheralNerve Fibers in Freely Moving Animals: A. Mannard, R. B. Stein, D. Charles .547

Bumblebee Ocelli and Navigation at Dusk: W. G. Wellington .550

Technical Comments: Testing of Computer-Assisted Methods for Classificationof Pharmacological Activity: C. L. Perrin; K.-L. H. Ting 551

MEETINGS Lead in Seawater: C. Patterson; Forthcoming Events .553

PRODUCTS AND Annular Stills; Quantum Sensors; Column Packing Material; Thin-LayerMATERIALS Chromatography; Salt Water Aquaria; Photomicrographic Camera; Electron

Microscopy Tissue Processor; Literature .565

COVEREDYmNE. DA,R P.YKAIS WIJAM T. GOLDEN WILLiAM BEVANWARDOOEOG PYLIV.PRNS TesrrEeUVeOfcrManganese nodules-on the ocean foor

GEOLOGY AND GERAPY (W5)#0 B 0A SCIENCES (0) ANhROPOLOdGr (H) Ml inthe prime North Pacific mining areaHeliaut Lendserg Dorothy Biss4 Richr N. Adamns

RaoIt BsueRcadiMos A thnLeads where deposits are rich in copper andENGINEERINM SIE AGRICUTURE (0) EO nickel. See page 502. [Deepsea Ven-

t;: Towner Fr0:0: 00enh F.0 0 ROY Lt0.lOwF]: tures, Inc., Gloucester Point, Virginia]Re''o L.Dns oetA.Go ihaelA.Tifarell

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15 February 1974Volume 183, No. 4125

S0 - X-t00- -f 0- 004 -L--:-X 7 Dy 0 S; 000 00 - -0 0 _ 0 f f dyiff ; f iA;; f _: f fAt :fA: j ff :f _ 40 S 00 0 0 ,$ E f 0 L ; f f i 0 - f _0 0 0 _ _-w 040 0 fif 0 0 j ft i :; f _L i _ ___ D7_r 0 _ 00 _ _

LETTERS Automotive Emission Standards and Fuel Economy: R. J. Naumiiannii; MarineAdvisory Programs: H. H. Eckles; Deepwater Illumination: M. V. King;"Miracle" Sorghum: H. K. Schneider ..............................

EDITORIAL Managers of Science: D. Wolfle ................ .....................

ARTICLES Structure of the Proton: R. P. Feynmlan ...............................Female Steroid Hormones and Target Cell Nuclei: B. W. O'Malley and A. R. Means..Innovation in Industry and the Diffusion of Technology: J. M. Utterback .........

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

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620

Budget of U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 1975: Background; Energy:Health; Military; Science Foundation .............................. 635

Synthetic Fuels: Will Government Lend the Oil Industry a Hand? ..... . . . . . . . 641

Manganese Nodules (11): Prospects for Deep Sea Mining .... ............. 644

Chromosome Identification, reviewed by J. Germnan; Evolutionary Paleoecologyof the Marine Biosphere, J. Levintonz; How Man Moves, R. E. Davies;Habituation, P. B. Farel; Galenism, L. G. Wilson; Books Received .......... 647

O^ARD Op DIREGCTORS LEONARD M. RIESER ROGER REVELLE MARGARET MEAD RICHARD H. BOLT EMILIO Q. DADDARIRetiring President, Chairman President President-Elect BARRY COMMONER EDWARD E. DAVID,

CHAIfRMEMN AND MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D)SECRETARIES F :John G. Kemeny Solomon J. Buchsbaum Milton Harris Ivan R. KingTruman A. Botts Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert Arlo U. LandoltAAAS SECTIONISPSYCHOLOGY (J) SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCES (K) HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE (L) ENGINEERIN(Charles Cofer George J. Stigler Owen Gingerich Byron 0. TapIEdwin P. Hollander Daniel Rich George Basalla Paul H. RabbiEDUCATION (Q) DENTISTRY (R) PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (S) INFORMATION AND COMM NICATIOJ. Myron Atkin Howard M. Myers Louis P. Jeffrey Martin GreenbergerPhillip R. Fordyce Sholom Pearlman John Autian Joseph Becker

DIVISIONS ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION SOUTHWESTERN AND ROCKY MOUlNAIN DIVISGunter E. Weller Irma Duncan Robert C. Miller Robert T. Orr Gordon L. Bender Max P. DunfordPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary-Tredsurer President Executive Secretory-

SCIENCE is published wee, except the last week In December, but with an extra issue on th fourth Tuesday in November, by the American Association for the AdvancemnScience, 1515 Massachusetts Av., NW, Washingon, D.C. 20005. Now combined with The Scientific Monthly". Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Copyright © 197*the American Association for the, Advancement of Science. Member rates on request. Annual subscription $30; foreigfn postage- Americas $4, overseas6, air lift to EuropeSingle copies $1 (back issues, $2) except Guide to Scientific lnstmunent which is $4. School year subscriptions: 9 months $22.50; 10 months $25. Provide 6 weeks noticechange of address, giving now and old addres and zip codes. Send a rocent address label. SceoncexIs lndeed In the Reader's Gulde to Periodical Ut iatw.

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AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMEN?T' Ori:-SCIENCE

REPORTS Age Determination of Burned Flint by a Thermoluminescent Method:H. Y. G6ksu et al .651

Carbon Dioxide Hydrate and Floods on Mars: D. J. Milton .................. 654

Cholera Toxin: Interaction of Subunits with Ganglioside G,11: S. van Heyningen ... 656

Ionic Basis of Hyperpolarizing Receptor Potential in Scallop Eye: Increase inPermeability to Potassium Ions: J. S. McReynolds and A. L. F. Gorman ... ... 658

Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate: Inhibition of Complement-Mediated Cell Lysis:M. Kaliner and K. F. Aitsten .................................... 659

Parathyroid Hormone Effects in Rats Treated with Diphosphonate; R. V. Talmageand J. J. B. Anderson ......................................... 661

Failure to Confirm Cyclic AMP as Second Messenger for Norepinephrine in RatCerebellum: N. Lake and L. M. Jordan ............................. 663

Tip Growth in Microsterias: T. Lacalli and A. B. Acton .................... 665

Viscosity of Cellular Protoplasm: A. D. Keith and W. Snipes ................. 666

Cell Culture of Mammalian Endometrium and Synthesis of Blastokinin in vitro:G. L. Whitson and F. A. Murray ................................. 668

The Casparian Strip as a Barrier to the Movement of Lanthanum in Corn Roots:G. Nagahashi, W. W. Thomt.son, R. T. Leonard ....................... 670

Diphenylhydanloin: Effects on Calcium Metabolism in the Chick: M. Villateale et al. . 671

DDE: Its Presence in Peregrine Eggs in 1948: D. B. Peakall .................. 673

COVERRUTH M. DAIS CARYL P. HASKINS WILLIAM T. GOLDEN WILLIAM BEVANWRDH 14. GOODENOUGH CHAUNCEY STARR Treasurer Executive Officer Y

Young peregrine falcons in an eyriefQEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY (E) BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (G) ANTHROPOLOGY (H) in Vermont in 1939. Declines inTerah L. Smiley Beatrice M. Sweeney Bernice KaplanRamon E. Bisque Jane C. Kaltenbach Philleo Nash North America and Europe have beenMEDICAL SCIENCES (N) AGRICULTURE (0) INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE (P) linked to the use of DDT and thisLouisG. Weit Ned D. Bayley Gabor Strasser species no longer breeds in the east-rdichar J. Johns J. Lawrence Apple Rober L. Stern

SWI e~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~rnU nited Statoes See pagne 673.STATISTICs (U) ATMOSPHERIC AND HYDROSPHERIC GENERAL (X) tae.S pg 673.John W. Tukey SCIENCES (W) Frederick Seitz [Walter R. Spofford, OrnithologyEzraGaser WStanleylA. Changnon,Jr. Joseph F. Coates Laboratory, Cornell Universityl

The American Assocition for the Advancement of Science was founded in 1848 and Incorporated in1874. Its objects, ar to further the work of scientists, to facilitate cooperation among thom, toImprove the sftfnm of science in the promotion of human welfare, and to In s lic under.standingand: appreition of the Importae and premise of 7the metho of scic In humn proess.

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183 (4120)

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