198867538 antena biquad de la india jarchenko

8/19/2019 198867538 Antena Biquad de La India Jarchenko

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IJECT VOL. 3, ISSUE 1, JAN. - MARCH 2012 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

w w w . i j e c t . o r g174 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Abstract

An ISM Band (2.4GHz) Design for a Biquad Antenna with

Reector base is presented for satisfying the ISM Band point-to-

point link Applications in this paper. This proposed design can be

used for Reception as well as Transmission in Wi-Fi’s, WLAN,

Bluetooth and even Zigbee links. The proposed antenna consists

of two squares of the same size of 1⁄4 wavelength as a radiating

element and a metallic plate or grid as reector. This antenna has

a beam width of about 70 degrees and a gain in the order of 10-

12 dBi. A Prototype of this Antenna is designed and constructed.

Parametric study is performed to understand the characterstics of

the proposed antenna. Almost good antenna performances such

as radiation patterns and antenna gains over the operating bandshave been observed and simulated peak gain of the antenna is 10.7

dBi at 2439MHz. The simulated return loss is -35dB, whereas

simulated SWR is 1.036 over the operating bands.

Keywords

Biquad, Bluetooth, Standalone, Feeder, ISM Band, Wi-Fi, WLAN,

Zigbee

I. Introduction

The Biquad antenna is simple to build and offers good directivity

and gain for Point-to-Point communications [1]. It consists of two

squares of the same size of 1⁄4 wavelength as a radiating elementand a metallic plate or grid as reector. This antenna has a beam

width of about 70 degrees and a gain in the order of 10-12 dBi.

It can be used as stand-alone antenna or as feeder for a Parabolic

Dish [2]. The polarization is such that looking at the antenna from

the front, if the squares are placed side by side the polarization is

vertical. The element is made from a length of 2mm thick copper

wire, bent into the appropriate shape. Note that the length of each

“side” should be close to 31 mm as possible, when measured from

center to center of the wire [4-5]. The Details of the proposed

antenna design are described in the paper, and simulated results

are presented and discussed in the following sections.

II. Proposed Antenna DesignThe geometry of the main radiating element is shown in g. 1.

The proposed antenna elements are made from 2mm thick copper

wire bent into appropriate shape as shown in g. 1. We used

Single-sided Copper clad Board of 2mm thickness for making the

Reector Base of my prototype whose size is 123×76.8mm. But

FR-4 PCB board will perform better as compared to mine.

Fig. 1: Geometry of Main Radiating Element

We use 4nec2 RF simulation software for modeling and Simulation.

g. 2, shows the antenna model prepared in 4nec2.

Fig. 2: Wire Frame Model Prepared in 4nec2

We used a threaded female RF Jack that is inserted through a hole

in the exact middle position of copper-clad reector board from the

rear and bolted. The main central pin of jack is extended to attain

a length of 15.37mm.The main feed point of biquad element [6], issoldered on it, whereas a stub of same 2mm thickness, 15.37mm

long copper wire is used as return feed. A 50ohm coaxial cable

with male type RF connector on one side can be easily connected

to our prototype by inserting it into female RF jack. Simulation

showed that adding sides to the reector could signicantly reduce

the sidelobes. These sides were slightly higher than the antenna,

when it was mounted to the reector. This reduction in side-lobe

power produced approximately a 2dBi increase in output power,

when compared to a version with no sides. The sides were tack

soldered in place, and then the corners were seam soldered as

shown in g. 3. The height of the Biquad element from reector

surface is kept equal to λ/8 i.e 15.37mm for achieving nearly

50ohm impedance. This value is optimized by hit & trial methodmanually, as 4nec2 does not contain any optimization feature.

Fig. 3: Actual Antenna details

A Novel BiQuad Antenna for 2.4GHz Wireless LinkApplication : A Proposed Design

1Bhupinder Singh, 2Amandeep Singh1Dept. of ECE, SBBSIET, Jalandhar, Punjab, India2Dept. of ECE, DAVIET, Jalandhar, Punjab, India


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IJECT VOL. 3, ISSUE 1, JAN. - MARCH 2012ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

w w w . i j e c t . o r g INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY 175

III. Simulation and Actual Results

The simulated parametric study results and return losses for the

proposed Biquad antenna are obtained.

Fig. 4: Simulated Current Distribution of Proposed Antenna

The current distribution of the proposed antenna using 4nec2

simulator is shown in g. 4 and the simulated Radiation Patterns of

the proposed antenna are shown in g. 5. The Proposed Antenna

has a beamwidth of 70 degree. The simulated return losses and

SWR are presented for the optimized set of antenna parameters.

Fig. 5: Antenna Pattern

The value of simulated Return loss on desired frequency band is

-35dB, whereas SWR is 1.036.

The Following graphs belongs to the tests performed on the actual

prototype. The actual results of Authors Prototype are shown in g.

6 & g. 7, that are satisfying. The actual Return Loss of prototype

is found - 41dB, where as SWR is 1.06.

Fig. 6: Actual Return Loss of Prototype

The snapshots of Prototype from Front and Rear are shown in

g. 8 & g. 9, respectively. Actually no side planes were used

in rst prototype. They were added later to increase the antennagain further [7]. As shown in actual the prototype is compact &

portable. It can be easily connected to the transceivers with any

50 Ohm Coaxial cable. We use female RF Jack and Male RF

Connector which are easily available and economical.

Fig. 7: Actual SWR of Prototype

Fig. 8: Front View


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IJECT VOL. 3, ISSUE 1, JAN. - MARCH 2012 ISSN : 2230-7109 (Online) | ISSN : 2230-9543 (Print)

w w w . i j e c t . o r g176 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Fig. 9: Rear View

IV. Conclusion

An ISM band Biquad antenna is proposed. The various parameters

of the Proposed antenna are optimized through simulation.Prototype of the proposed antenna has been designed, simulated

and fabricated. The BiQuad antenna is probably the best overall

because of its compact size, Simplicity, ease of use and 14dB

gain properties [8]. This antenna would be easily mountable on

the dash board or in the Window of a vehicle. An radome can be

used here to protect the Antenna from Environmental Hazards,

But it should be made from such materials that do not effect

Antenna performances. Also it may be possible to use the same

Antenna for any 2.4GHz Link Applications like WiFi, WLAN and

Bluetooth interception. A 2nd Prototype for 1.2GHz application

is also fabricated & Tested based on similar Design.

References

[1] H. E. King, I. L. Wong,“An Experimental Study of a Balun-

Fed Open-Sleeve Dipole in Front of a Metallic Reector”,

Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions, Vol. 20, pp.

201-204. March 1972.

[2] Kuo, Y.L., Wong, K.L.,“Printed double-T monopole antenna

for 2.4/5.2 GHz dual-band WLAN operations”, IEEE Trans.

Antennas Propag., 51, (9), pp. 2187–2192, 2003.

[3] Xiaoqin Liu, Gang Wang, Xin Lai,“Double-Sided Bow-

Tie Antenna for 2G/3G/WiFi and Mobile WiMAX”, 2008

IEEE.

[4] John D. Kraus,“Antennas”, McGraw-HILL, International

Editions.[5] C. A. Balanis,“Antenna Theory, Analysis and Design”, John

Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.

[6] Stutzmann, Warren L., Thiele, Garry A.,“Antenna Theory

and Design”, 2nd Ed., New York: John Wiley Sons. 1998.

[7] Milligan, T. A.,“Modern Antenna Design”, John Wiley &

Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2005.

[8] [Online] Available: http://www.martybugs.net/wireless/

biquad/#bg

Er. Amandeep Singh, received his

Engineering degree in ECE in the year of

2003 from IEI India, Kolkata University,

Kolkata. He obtained M.Tech., degree

in ECE in the year 2009 from GNDEC,

Ludhiana, India. Now he is pursuing

PhD from Sant Longowal Institute of

Engineering & Technology, Longowal,

Sangrur, in the field of Antenna

Designing & Soft computing. He has

been working as an Assistant Professor in

the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering in

DAV Institute of Engineering And Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab,

India. He has 8 years of teaching experience. He got involved and

worked in various committees in the college.

Er. Bhupinder Singh, received his

Engineering degree in ECE in the

year of 2005 from IITT college of

Engineering, Punjab. He is pursuinghis M.Tech. degree in ECE from DAV

Institute of Engineering And Technology,

Jalandhar, Punjab, India. His research

interest is Antenna Designing. He has

been working as an Assistant Professor

in the department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering in Sant

Baba Bhag Singh Institute of Engineering

and Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. He has 5 years of

teaching experience. He got involved in various technical activities

in the college.

198867538 antena biquad de la india jarchenko

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