1989 migration

8/13/2019 1989 Migration

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Bulgarian Turkish

Emigration and ReturnPREPARED BY: EMIL KAYA

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In our attempt to examine thematter of the 1989 Turkishemigration and return, thefollowing questions needed to

be answered:

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1)What are the main factorswhich determined the massivecharacter of the migration?

2)Does this particular case ofmigration have a specific

pattern and what makes it differ

from the previous cases?

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3) What has caused the returnof almost half of the emigrantswithin a few months?

4) What are the problems anddifficulties faced by those whodecided to return?

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MAIN FACTORS

The Communist Regime in Bulgariahas used to the ethnic conflict.

The intensity of nationalist propaganda.

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The İnterference of foreign powersto solve the ethnic problems.

Human violations.

Religion: Conflicts betweenMuslims anad Christians.

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TURKEY’S APPROACH

‘ Brothers in blood

and faith’

•

The TurkishGovernment under Turgut Özal

opened the bordersto migrants.

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Within a few months a wave of369,839 people fled to the Turkish

Border

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WHY DID IMMIGRANTS RETURN TO BULGARIA?

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In the period of 1989-1990, the total number

of immigrants that returned to Bulgaria is 133

272 because of feeling despondent after facing

unemployment and a lack of opportunities.

Adaptation problems and lack of opportunities

Other reasons

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ADAPTATION AND PROBLEMS:

Adaptation depends on: Age

Professional skills

Education

Cultural level Social capital

The Bulgatian immigrants that have relatives or close

friends in Turkey adapted to easier. However some of theimmigrtants faced hardships and problems. That’s why

they wanted to return to Bulgaria.

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BULGARıAN TURKS WERE DISAPPOINTED

BECAUSE OF :

Work conditions and unemployment

Education

Health

House problems / camp sites

Prejudice against them

They are called “muhacir” or “göçmen”

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Work Conditions:

They receive less money than the denizen Turks forthe same job.

Employers offered only unskilled part-time or dirtywork.

Education:

Health:

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House Problems:

Prejudice agains them

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Young people prefer to come back to pursue

their higher education or perform military

service in Bulgaria because there was a

general fear of doing military services in Kurt-inhabited regions.

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In 22nd August 1989, Turkish government

closed the borders with Bulgaria and has

started application of visa.

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CONCLUSION:

damaged dramatically Bulgarian economy.

One of the most important results of1989migration is that although Bulgariangovernment denied presence of Turks, after 1989,

government had got to admit the presence ofTurks.

The need of minority rights emerged and thismigration proved the minority problems and

caused government to revise and examine theapproach to minorities.

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Another important result of migration is the

loss and weaken of presence of Turks in

Balkans.

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1989 migration

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