1992 cannabis yields dea

8/6/2019 1992 Cannabis Yields DEA

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SUIUl1\R'loutdoor callJl~pis _g~i v~__H. (caullahls) yLeLd s turH.cs CQ}Hhlctedduring the summe s of 1990 and 'J.991 have det:er.mincll 'that theusable dl:Y "eight yield (leaf and hu(l) (or (emale cannabis plallt:scan be up to 2.3 kilograms (5.1 pounds). nased upo~ n survey'of15 leading producer states, the average p l.an t; yield for maturedomestically grown female cannabis plants in 1991 vas 440 gram~(1 pound). 1\n accurate yield es ti.lllate can be lunde by ~7eighil1gthe fresh \rci.ght of a pLan t; or meatmrLnq Lhe plant's (tiameter atl:he hr oades t; poLn t; in the canopy. 1\ V01-Y sigJd.fi.cant factor ar-fee tL119 Yie1It \Ia 9 pLaIl t;i 1\ < J cl e11sit y

Bl\CKGH.OUllD'rho lH:llg Enfo r cerue ut; l\dlllinist:ra,t:iofl (DEI\) clur Lnq the summers of1990 and 199J., conducted a de ta iled cannabLs yLeLd measurementpr oqr am at the University of: 11issi.ssippi. in Oxford. The puupo s eof the project \OIaS to determine the average yield of outdoor cul-tivated cannabis plants and identify (actors to pr-ecl Lot; usableyie 1


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Yield measurements were made on 102 plants during the COUl-se ofthe b/o yea r study . Physical measurements \-/ere 'made of theplant's helght froln ground level and the diameter at the broadestpoint Ln the plant's canopy. (UHQn cOIllp-letion of the physical_,measUl:ements , th_~all t_~ eu ~__1!_!':_._ground.-.~ai\'g __~~lli\~~~9fITECrrmircolllponeht parts - stein/branches, leaves, female flower-Ing tops-,-UoffiiiioiUY-JCIIO\-1Il as-1>uils--oF-cora:s-,--iiii


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Table 1.Average Cannabis yields a~Uaturlty for High Planting flensi.ties8poll~orUniv. of HSUniv. of HSDEADEA

Year1905198619901991.

Density9 ft.sq.9 ft.. sq.10 rt.sq.9 ft.sq.

Yieid.1c222 grams274 grams23 J grall~s215 grams

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Geed stockHexicoNexicoColombiaHe){ico* Yield = Oven dry wei.ght of usabl~ leaf and bud froIU mature 120day or older plants.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,'l'hesilld.larity of plant yields cionta Lued in 'I'ahle 1 is remarkableconsider.ing the variation ill seed stock, year of cultivation, andother factors. However, if the p l.ant.Lnq density i.s decreased,the plants have more r-oom to Lat.er aLf.y branch out. 'I'he addi-tional space allows the plant to assume a natural canopy shape,somewhat similar to a Christmas ti-ee. 'rhe larger branchingstructure coupled \-li.th increased available sUlllight, soilnut r Lents, all d \,1ate J: res uI ted j_ It S LgIlifie a Itt 1.Y 9rea te1:' p1a11tyields. Table 2 displays the yi.elds fOl: cannabis at mat.urity Coridentica 1 seed s tocJcs a l: t.hree Low pLant.Lnq dens i.ties and for.d Lf fer eu l; pLaubLnq da ties and years.

'fable 2Average Cannabis Yields atHatur~i.t;y [or r.O\l I?l.anting Densities

'UQ1!~QDEA-ADEA-IlDI::A.-CDEADEA

.e~n~~19901.9901.99019911991.

!!~J!sil:'l81. . ("t: s C J 01 ft. sq.01. (I:. s'{.72 ft.sq.) 6 fl:.sq.

.x!~.J.d7'/7 gn1l1159J6 grams64 () gn\llls1,015 gnllllsOGO gt.-allls

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If/q nAI I ----.-.25 2.25

o II "- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~

8. 81 81 72 36 9SQUAnE FEET 0:: GnOWIUG MtEAron Pl.AIITS 119 OAYS on OLDEn HAHO IIEIGIIT I DIAMETEn

.During both 9rowing scosons, only r:l:nnc.lnnl In.-Jgat:lon, fertilic:a-t.Lon , and weeding activity wer-e rel\del:ed as r equI red. J1o~/ever,t'-10 plants, identiflcat:ion numbers 107.01 and 103.01 in the 1991low plantJng densIty plots, had extremely hi.gh ylelds in. com-parison to neighbor lug plants. '1'lte1 dry' weight yJeld fo.: plant107.01 was 2,006.9 gtams (4.6 ilOunos) and plant 103.01 yielded2,308.4 grams {5. 1 pounds )'" 'hese two plants were loca ted in alow area. It.is heli.eved that the lIatura-l slope of the landcaused these plants (:0J_-eceive adclLc LonaL '-later. and possii)ly ad-ditional fertilizer through run on water. The signiC ical1ce ofthese yiel'ds is that:. they demonstrate that certain agronomicpractices' call pl'"oduce higher avet'ilge yJelds than those reportedin 'I'able 2..j\naly.sis of: the oombLnad 1990 and J. 991 DF.l\ Yfold da ta si ,dW5 tl,'i\ t'usable oven ?ry welghl: Illaterial (leaf: a~V~:")ltd).; ~H:~.. II~g~nabis plaut J.S 1-1.41; of: the plant's total (r()~t~ ';el


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rEnCEr-H OVErt unv WEIGHT ron so OAYon OLDEn PLAII fSWIIICII 010 UOT IIAVE ANY SEE()' dEVELorMEln..\ I~/((". j . e,U-, ' . - < 1 ' . " . ~ ,-1....1..;("_ . c. I f f . . . . _ , h.A-J: '

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FIGUI~E2'NON-SINSE~.AILLA CANNABI$ COMPOI\JENTS

SlEM/Onl\NCllES43%

LEAf-16%

BUD10%PEnCE'" r OVEr" unv WEiGl I r ron '20 ()AY Oil OI.,I)Ert PLAnTS

SINSEfv1ILLA CANNABIS COMPONENTS-:-~A-.r?~ "J .' - - : ( l A l 1:z / . J -\- . ' [ } ) ( ; . ; 1 - \ -\ I ~ ~ / C ~ ~ - ;

SlEM/OnAI-ICllES42%

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'l'he pLant;gro\-/th and yield data collected throughout the 1990 and1991 growing seasons shows that plant yiel~ can h.e accurat~lypredicted from simple field measurements. Several fl.eld measure-ment techniques were assessed including plant height, diameter t" fresh weight, and the Ilumbe.r. of grO\., days. 'l'he predictive 11l0de.A pdeveloped are vali.d for any sativa variety plants regardless of,\V~.Plant age o~ planting dousLtiy ,

\\ \1 \) '1'he best Pl:g~~tor of: plan!:_yield was llleasurcment of the plant' 5l \] ;- ~lght_ 71qUi:'~- JP CIeiifcE!;-Ehe I-inear relationship betweell~. plant fresh weight and yield dry weight. 'l'he olll-)~~edO measurE;l1\entis the w?i~JJin~_.Q__t_!~e_~~l~.~~~ __t " ~ = - .i.Q\SL._Q(__~g.!.~~~I~\ '1:n-a-t:-:l:mely-fnslll


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ueither pLaut; height data or the J1U1l1ber of grm.[ days \f~l.e as acc~ll-ate a predictor of plant yield as \Olere fresh weigh t o,dl.ameter measurements. However, l1e1ght was a good itldicator oplall~ age and thls relntlonshi.p mny JJ~ user uL ~.n .est!lmatingplanting dat:e. 'I'he correlation mat..-!)c LnoLuded in Attachmentreports on the degree of association aIllOI1


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-sociated with the photoperiod peaJd 1\';1 01\ th~ SHII\mersolstlee ofJUlle 21.'1'he flowering or .fruitIng stage last:s for the rema.i.uder.-of: theplant's life cycle. Beginning in August, maLe plants form thestamens from which huge amounts of pollen are'releas(:!d. 'l'he maLaplants usually die by the middle of September or soon after theyrelease their pollen. Female plants live a longer time in orderto produce seed for the next generation. 'I'his reproductive stageis-essential for. naturally growing cannabis because it is an an-..I!~~1._.pJ.an_Lal1d-Gan-n0~sut:v!ve---t:he __iH~~~ ~'~?J~J:h~ FeiUale pInnEs-#will produce a protective leafy bud to surround the pistulatereproductive organs and develop see


11/20

latedusing the predLc tiLve methodology described in Figure 4This methodology uses average planl: canopy diameter informatio;l'as the predictor var lable to estimate plant dry weight. l.'hplant dry \O/e19ht is adjusted to estimate usable air dry weightyield by first taking 34% of the d.:-y \-/eight to calculate Usableyield, and adding 1.0% to the oven dr.y \-/eight to obba Ln t:he air.dry yield. '1'his estimate is valid for female onnnabLs pJ.allts atmaturity which contaln seeds. 1\n estimate fol:" seedless cannabls(sinsem! 11a) is der'ived by first taking 50t of t:he plant: dryweight, and then adjusting upward by 10\ to convert t:t"o~noven dryweight to an air dr.)' y Le Ld , _, --- ._-., __(. . l' / _ " . . . . . . . .

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I~!.;tilltated canuabis Plant yields - - J ' I ~ ' ) " I I 'f- )(.lt 1, ~ ....... , Q) - ."c {'.(." { VEstimated Estimated

Hall-Sinsemilla Sinsel1d1laX.!~l~J_g.}_ yield(q.l369 630369 630 ~'204 ~ O " ! ! ' \ . _ .. 420 lJ.6369 6]0243 414369 610~69 030243 414204 484J69 630

AlabamaArkansasCalif:OI:niaFloridaGeor.glaIllinoisIndianaKansasKentuckyLouisianaHinnesotaHissoUl:-iH. Carolina'I'ennessee'rexasAverage:

1991 Eradicated AverageDiame~~~1r< 1 ft.4 ft.

2843(i9J694GG

4046JO630795

163,294106,405151,52992,190300,50)337,730206,49421,751

009,36679,009191,790104,49)198,470508,81622,997

3.5 ft.4.25 f:t.4 ft.3.25 ft.4 ft.4 f:t.3.25 (t.3.5 ft.4 \ ft:3.5 r e ,4 ft.4 ft.4.5 (t.

3-15 gr.ams 509 grams.05 fl:.....Source: DEJ\Cannabis Investigations. Section survey Hay, 1992.

The average yield for the entire outdoor domesti.c cultivated 'can-nabis crop can be calculated by averaging the non-sinsemilla andsinsemlfla yields ill the same pr-opo'rbLon as reported in the 1991end of. year' eradica l:ion program resul ts. The tota 1 number ofcultivated ouLdo o r- cannabis planl:s eJ:'adical:ed 111 '19'91 was5,257,486. 'l'he number of: sinsemilla plants .was 2,251,7J5 or 42.8%of the total, and the number of non-sinsemilla plants was3,005,'151 or 57.2t of the total. A weighted:",average u!:!ing theyields reported in 'I'able " results in an average domestic plantyield of 440 gl:ams or approXimat:elY(~--:--PoUiia-:-:-PI!J!"':'l)U\nt~.,.

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12/20

, , .COllCLUSIOliS

The application of detailed field llleasurementsand mathematicaanalysis techniques has shown that caunabLs plant yields can baccurately estImated. continued field observatiohs at illicitCUltivation locations, both domestically, .and overseas, willprovide the opportunity to further validate the 'relationshipsreported. Developmentof cannabis yield methodologies is essen-tial for understalldJ.ng of the size of illicit CUltivationproblemand the drug abuse threat.

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13/20

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14/20

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15/20

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1992 cannabis yields dea

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