1999 asian women's network training workshop 1 technical terms we can’t avoid
TRANSCRIPT
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
1
Technical Terms We Can’t Avoid
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
2
Contents
• Network components
• TCP/IP
• IP-address
• Gateway
• Domain Name System
• Nameserver
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
3
Network Components
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
4
• Client - software that allows files and printers to be shared with other network computers.
• Adapter - hardware device that physically connects your computer to the network.
• Protocol - "language" a computer uses to communicate over a network. Computers must use the same protocol to communicate with each other.
• Service - One type of service enables you to share your files and printers with other people on the network. Examples of other services are automatic system backup, remote registry, and network monitor agent.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
5
Client
Microsoft Network, Novell Netware,
Windows NT Workstation
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
6
Adapter
ethernet card, wireless LAN card, dial-up adapter, radio-modem card, etc.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
7
Service
file sharing, printer sharing, system backup, personal web server
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
8
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
9
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
basic communication language of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in private networks called intranets and in extranets.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
10
TCP/IP is a two-layered program
Transmission Control Protocol • higher layer
• manages the assembling of a message or file into smaller packets that are transmitted over the Internet
• reassembles the packets into the original message.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
11
Internet Protocol (IP)
• lower layer
• method or set of rules by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.
• handles the address part of each packet so that it gets to the right destination.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
12
IP address
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
13
IP-address
example: 208.160.242.35
• Unique
• scarce
• 4 octets (8-bit-bytes)
• value of each octet 0-255
• classes of networks (A,B,C, CIDR)
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
14
Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a Web page), the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's address.
Return-Path: <[email protected]>
Received: from rmit.EDU.AU (tardis.its.rmit.edu.au [131.170.2.30])
by kuanyin.isiswomen.org (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id TAA26756
for <[email protected]>; Sun, 6 Jun 1999 19:38:04 +0800
Received: from ems.rmit.edu.au (ems.rmit.edu.au [131.170.2.134]) by rmit.EDU.AU
(8.8.8/8.7.3/ram4/ANTI-SPAM/ANTI-RELAY/VOGA) with SMTP id NAA27352 for
<[email protected]>; Sun, 6 Jun 1999 13:32:42 +1000 (EST)
Received: from INTERNET-Message_Server by ems.rmit.edu.au
with Novell_GroupWise; Sun, 06 Jun 1999 13:31:18 +1000
Message-Id: <[email protected]>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.5
Date: Sun, 06 Jun 1999 13:30:52 +1000
From: "Justina Curtis" <[email protected]>
To: <[email protected]>
Subject: greetings from netcafe on sarawak river...
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Disposition: inline
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by kuanyin.isiswomen.org id
TAA26756
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
16
Gateway
Gateway•network point that acts as an entrance to another
network.
•the Internet is made up of gateway nodes and
host nodes.
•computers of network users and the computers that serve content, such as Web pages, are host nodes.
•computers that control traffic within your company's network or at your local Internet service provider (ISP) are gateway nodes.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
18
Domain Name System
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
19
Domain Name System
The domain name system (DNS) is the way that Internet domain names are located and translated into IP (Internet Protocol) addresses. A domain name is a meaningful and easy-to-remember "handle" for an Internet address.
Because maintaining a central list of domain name/IP address correspondences would be impractical, the lists of domain names and IP addresses are distributed throughout the Internet in a hierarchy of authority.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
20
Domain Namea domain name locates an organization or other entity
on the Internet. Example: kuanyin.isiswomen.org
kuanyin = host server
.org = the part of the domain name that reflects the purpose of the organization or entity, also known as top level domain name
isiswomen = part of the domain name defines the organization or entity and together with the top-level is called the second-level domain name. Also known as second-level domain name, this is the "readable" version of the Internet address.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
21
• top level identifies geographic or purpose commonality
.com, .net, .org, .net, .gov
.kr, .ph
• second level identifies a unique place within the top level domain and is, in fact, equivalent to a unique address on the Internet (or IP).
isiswomen
• lower levels of domain may also be used.
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
22
* type on browser address bar:
http://www.isiswomen.org
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
23
* type on browser address bar:
http://208.160.242.35
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
24
* type on browser address bar:
http://kuanyin.isiswomen.org
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
25
Nameserver
• converts natural names to IP-numbers
• converts IP-numbers to names
example:
isiswomen.org = 208.160.242.35 =
kuanyin.isiswomen.org
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
26
* type on browser address bar:
http://www.networksolutions.com/cgi-bin/whois/whois/
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
27
More information
• History of the Internet (non-Technical) http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/
• Answers to “What is” questionshttp://whatis.com/index.htm
• DNS discussions http://www.isoc.org/internet/issues/dns/http://www.ispo.cec.be/eif/dns/conclusions.html
1999 Asian Women's Network Training Workshop
28
More information
• APNIC (Asia-Pacific Network Information Centrehttp://www.apnic.net/index.html