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Rhon TeruelleClass #2 – September 19, 2011

CCT200: Intercultural Communication

Approaches to Studying Cultural Patterns and an Overview of Canadian Immigration

AGENDA

2

Part I (Digital Storytelling)

Part II (Cultural Patterns)

Part III (Canadian Immigration)CCT200 Week #2: RT

Digital Storytellinghttp://www.storycenter.org/whatis.html

• is used to describe a wide variety of new media production practices.

• is the sharing of these stories and which connects people in special ways.

• is about the events, people, and places in our lives.

• is shown as examples in our workshops which are directly connected to the images that one collects in a life’s journey.

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Cultural Patterns

• Shared beliefs, values, and norms that are stable over time.

• Leads to similar behaviours across similar situations.

• Allows us to make predictions about a culture.

• Allows us to adapt our communication accordingly.

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Cultural Patterns Continued…

According to Fisher (1989), these patterns are a mindset that provides ways of thinking about the world and one’s place in it. Cultural patterns are shared mental programs that govern behaviour.

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Beliefs, Values, and Norms• Beliefs – ideas about the world that people

assume are true.

• Values – things we hold dear.

• According to Sitaram and Hapanen (1979): values are communicated explicitly through symbolic behaviour; the way people communicate is influenced by the values people hold.

• Norms – rules that are socially enforced.

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Beliefs, Values, and Norms cont…

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Communication in a Culture

• Patterns are the filter through which all verbal and nonverbal symbols are interpreted.

• The relationship between patterns and communication is reciprocal.

• We communicate on the basis of the cultural patterns we have learned.

• We learn these cultural patterns through communication with others in our culture.

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Studying Cultural Patterns

• The four studies most used by intercultural researchers and scholars:

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961)

Hall (1976)

Hofstede (1997)

Bond (1987)

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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

• Human nature orientation: What is the character of innate human nature? In short, are humans basically bad, good, or a mixture of both?

• Man-nature relationship: What is the relationship of people to nature? Are humans controlled by nature, control nature, or live in balance with nature?

• Time orientation: What is the time sense of human life? Do they emphasize the past, present, or future?

• Activity orientation: What is the culture’s activity orientation? Are humans being, being-in-becoming, or doing?

• Relational orientation: What is the social relationship of humans to one another? Is it by authorization, group, or individual?

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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

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Studying Cultural Patterns

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Edward Hall

• Divided culture into two dimensions: low-context culture and high-context culture.

• In low-context culture, the mass of information is vested in the explicit code.

• In high-context culture, most of the information is either in the physical setting or is internalized in the person; very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message.

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Edward Hall

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Geert Hofstede

• Individualism/collectivism – relates to the question of what a culture values in terms of individual achievement or collective group accomplishments.

• Power distance – the degree to which a culture tolerates inequality in power distribution in relationships and organizations.

• Uncertainty avoidance – measures the degree to which a culture can tolerate uncertainty and ambiguous situations.

• Masculinity/femininity – the degree to which stereotypically masculine and feminine traits prevail in a culture.

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Michael Bond

• Prof. Michael Harris

BOND - Emeritus

Professor of PsychologyPh.D., Stanford

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Michael Bond

• Integration – refers to a sense of social stability.

• Human–Heartedness – refers to a sense of gentleness and compassion.

• Moral Discipline – refers to a sense of moderation and restraint in daily activities.

• Confucian Work Dynamism – refers to a person’s orientation toward life and work.

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Canadian Immigration

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http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/index.asp

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Canadian Immigration• Find out about the requirements and the steps to apply in

each category:• Skilled workers and professionals

For people who want to settle and work in Canada (outside of Quebec)

• Quebec-selected skilled workersFor people selected by the Quebec government to settle and work in Quebec

• Canadian Experience ClassFor people who have recent Canadian work experience or have graduated and recently worked in Canada

• Investors, entrepreneurs and self-employed peopleFor people who want to start a business in Canada

• Provincial nomineesOne of Canada’s provinces or territories can nominate you to settle and work there

• Sponsoring your familyHow to sponsor a family member to join you here if you are a permanent resident or a Canadian citizen

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Questions or comments

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