类别 特点 意义 举例

实义动词 (vt. vi.)

及物动词跟宾语

须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思

I beat you

不及物动词不能直接接宾语

能独立作谓语 She is ill/alive.

系动词(link-v)

跟表语 不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思

I am a student.

You look old.

助动词(aux. v.)

跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）

不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态

He has been to Beijing.

情态动词 (mod.

v.)

跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）

不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化

We can do it by ourselves.

返回

1fall asleep2 be sleeping3 be asleep4 keep silent/ quiet5 get married6 go mad7 get lost8 fall ill-fell-fallen

1 入睡2 正在睡觉3 睡着了4 保持沉默 / 安静5 结婚6 发疯7 迷路8 生病，病倒

总结：一般以 a 开头的形容词不能做定语，只能做表语。如： afraid( 害怕的 ), asleep( 睡着的 ), alone( 单独的 ), alive ( 活着的 ), awake( 醒着的 )试着一一举例说明。

由系动词和形容词构成的短语动词

找出下面的助动词，并给出问句部分：1. She doesn’t like music, does she?2. He has gone abroad, hasn’t he?3. He has break every morning, doesn’t he?4. He will come here tomorrow, won’t he?5. He finished homework, didn’t he?6. He has never stolen anything, has he?-- No, he hasn’t. He is a good man. 找出助动词，并给出下句：1.-- He doesn’t tell a lie.– Neither do you. ( 你也没有 )2.– She keeps a diary every day.-- So she does ( 她确实是 ) and so do you ( 你也是 )3.– He has never been late for school.--Neither he has and neither have you.( 他确实没有，你也没有 )

助动词

常用的情态动词：其后都跟动词原形。 can 能够； could 表示过去式或语气的委婉。1. I can do it by myself. 2. --Could you speak English when you were young?—Yes, I could. 3.—Could I watch TV, Mom? ( 肯定和否定回答 )-- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t can’t 用在否定句中， can 用在问句中表推测，注意否定的推测用 can’t 不用 mustn’t, 肯定句中的推测用 must, mustn’t 意为“不准，禁止”1– Can it be Lucy?– No, it can’t be her. She has gone abroad.2.– Who’s knocking at the door?– It must be Li Ming, because we have made the time to meet. 3. You mustn’t spit in public.

关于 must 引导的问句的回答：-- Must I finish my homework now?-- Yes, you must. --No, you needn’t./ No, you don’t have to. may—might , might 比 may 的语气更客气，委--May I use you ruler? （肯定回答和否定回答 )-- Yes, please. /Yes, you may.--No, you’d better not.

need “ 需要” 作为情态动词时用法 1 need do sth; need not (needn’t) do sth2 作为实义动词时用法为 need sth; need to do sth; …not need to do sth. need doing sth= need to be done:分清下面的 need 是什么动词。1. He needs love. 2 ---Does he need water?– Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t.3. You need do it now. 4. He needn’t do it.5. Need he do it now.—Yes, he need. No, he needn’t ./ No, he doesn’t have to.6.The flowers need watering. The flowers need to be watered.

P1791-5 DDCCC 6-10 BABAD1 What’s 2 half past eight 3 The first picture 4 What’s the date ( 几月几日 ; 而 What day is it 意为：星期几 ) 5 What are 6 How old 7 How many cups 8 How long has 9 What is 10 When did 11 What’s the price 12 one more time/ a second time 学业考试： P43-44(A) CBADD (B)CBADC (C) ADCBD

1. 一般现在时的重点用法：（ 1 ）注意当主语是第三人称单数时，动词用单三形式。（ 2 ）表示客观事实eg.The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东边升起。 （ 3 ）主将从现I will tell him about it as soon as I see him 。一见到他，我就告知他这件事。注意： if ， when , as soon as , before , after , until , 引导的从句用一般现在时态，主句用将来时态。--Would you like to go to the park with me tomorrow?--I don’t know if it will rain, if it doesn’t rain, I will go with you. ( 我不知道是否下雨，如果不下雨，我将和你去 )

现在进行时： am/is/are + v-ing过去进行时： was/ were +v-ing现在进行时表将来的词：leave, come, go 等。1 -- 你什么时候启程去北京？-- 我下周将去北京。--When are you leaving for Beijing?-- I am leaving for Beijing next week.2-- 暑假就要来了。 The summer holidays are coming.3-- I called you at 8 o’clock yesterday, but you weren’t in.-- Oh, I was watering ( water 浇水 ) the flowers in the garden.

一般将来时态： shall/will + 动词原形 ; be going to+ 动词原形表示：即将会… , 打算…注意： 在疑问句中，主语为第一人称 ( I /we) 时，常用助动词 shall. 如：我们一起去公园好吗？ Shall we go to the park together?我打算买辆自行车。 I am going to buy a bike.注意 there be 结构的将来时态。如：明天将有一个会议。There will be a meeting tomorrow.There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.

现在完成时（ 1 ）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 , 也可表示过去已经开始 , 一直延续到现在的动作或状态。2 ）结构：助动词 have/has + 动词的过去分词

3 ）几大标志词： * 以 already, just 和 yet 为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以 ever 和 never 为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志： He has been to the USA three times. * 以 so far 为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生 * since 自从…以来

（ 4 ）注： a.*“ 短暂”、“延续”要转换常见的有 :come-be, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow/lend-keep , join-be a member, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。注意：延续动词未必一定用在现在完成时态中，其他情况如： I will be away for two weeks. b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清 for+ 时间段 since+ 过去某一时刻 / 过去式的句子 d. have been to / have gone to have been here/ have gone abroad

现在完成时的练习A) 选用 have, has 填空 :1.I _______ told him the news.2.She ________ come back from school.3.You ________ won the game.

B) 按要求改写下列各句 :4.They have bought a computer.( 改成否定句 )5.He has lost his book.( 先改成一般疑问句 , 再作肯定与否定回答 )C) for/ since1 He has lived here _____ 3 years.2.He has lived here ______ 3 years ago.3. He has lived here______ he came here.

现在完成时的练习D) 单项选择6. -Where have you _____, Kate?-I‘ve ______ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been 　C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather ______ for two years. A. died B. has died 　C. has been dead D. has been died8. It‘s six weeks ______ I met you last.( 其他 2种 )A. when B. since C. before D. for9. Tom and Jack ______ West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to 　C. have been to D. have reached

过去完成时2) 构成 : had+ 过去分词用所给动词的适当形式填空：1. I had finished (finish) the job by the end of last month.2. The film had been on (begin) for 5 minutes when I got to the cinema. 。

英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则

英语动词有五种基本形式。它们是动词原形、第三人称单数现在时（简称单三）、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。这五种形式和助动词一起构成英语的各种时态和语态等。

 

英语动词的五种基本形式及变化规则 1

 

1 、单三形式变化规则1 ）一般动词在词尾加 - s, 在清辅音后读 /s / , 在浊辅音或元音后读 / z / ; 在 t 后读 / ts /, 在 d 后读 / dz / 。例如： help → helps ， swim → swims ， say-says（ 2 ）以字母 s, x, ch , sh 结尾的动词加 - es, 读 / iz/ , 在 d 后读 / dz/. 以 o 结尾的动词也加 es ，读 / z / 。例如： guess → guesses ， teach → teaches ， go → goes（ 3 ）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i ，再加 -es ，读 / z / 。例如：fly → flies carry → carries 注： be → is have → has 下一页 返回

2. 动词 - ing 形式的构成：1 ） 一般在动词末尾加 -ing. 例如 :go → going ，ask → asking（ 2 ）以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词 , 先去掉 e, 再加 -ing. 例如 :write → writing ， close → closing ，take → taking3 ）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这一字母，再加 -ing. 例如： get → getting ， sit → sitting ， put → putting ， run → running ， begin → beginning prefer- preferring注意： listen– listening; 以 y 字母结尾的 y 不 变直接加 - ing

（

3. 规则动词过去式的构成（ 1 ）一般在动词原形末尾加 -ed. 结尾是 e 的动词直接加 -d. 例如 :look → looked ， play → played ， live → lived ， hope → hoped（ 2 ）末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 -ed. 例如： stop → stopped ， plan → planned ， trip → tripped 3 ）结尾是“辅音字母 +y” 的动词，先变“ y” 为“ i” 再加 -ed. 例如 :study → studied ， carry → carried

There be 结构“ There be ( 各种时态 ) + 某物 / 某人 + 某地 / 某时”这样一种句型；就近原则。1. There is (be) a chair and two tables here.2. There have been (be) great changes since 1990.3.There are some girls playing (play) basketball on the playground.4. There are some ways to relax (relax) myself.5. There will a meeting tomorrow, won’t there?6. There is going to be a meeting tomorrow, isn’t there?

被动语态的构成：

时态 被动语态结构一般现在时态

am/is/are + 过去分词

一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词将来时态 will/ be going to/ +be+ 过去

分词含有情态动词

情态动词 +be+ 过去分词

现在完成时态

have/has +been+ 过去分词

不用被动语态的词汇：1 appear2 disappear3 end4 fail5 happen6 fall7 last8 remain9 spread10 break out11 take place12 have13 fit 14 系动词

1 出现2 消失3 结束4 失败5 发生6 跌倒7 持续8 保持9 传播10 爆发11 发生12 有13 适合14 …

翻译句子1. 这个会议马上就要结束了。The meeting will end soon.2. 我的作业马上就要完成了。My homework will be finished soon.3. 昨天发生了一起交通事故。A traffic accident happened yesterday.4. 我的家乡发生了伟大的变化。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.5. 战争爆发了。 The war broke out.6. 这个会议持续了两个小时。The meeting lasted two hours.

使役动词和感官动词在被动语态中的结构： be+使役动词或感官动词的过去分词 +to

1 be made to do sth2 be seen to do sth3 be heard to do sth4 be watched to do sth5 be let to do sth6 be noticed to do sth

1被使得做某事2 被看到做某事3 被听到做某事4 被 观察到做某事5 被让做某事6 被注意到做某事

小练习：变成被动语态：1. The boss makes me work ten hours a day.I am made to work ten hours a day.2.The teacher often sees a boy draw on the wall.A boy is often seen to draw on the wall.

注意：这些动词的使用：1. 这些鞋子很好卖： The shoes sell well.2. 这条鱼尝起来很好。 The fish tastes good.3. 这料子摸起来柔软。 The cloth feels soft.4. 你写字认真。 You write carefully.5. 你看起来很年轻。 You look very young.

非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词。不定式：1. 对他来说学习英语是很容易的。It’s very easy for him to learn English. 帮助我你真是太好了。 It’s very nice/kind of you.撒谎是错误的。 It’s wrong to lie./To lie is wrong.2. 他的梦想是成为医生。His dream is to be a doctor.3. 我想学好英语 . I want to learn English well.4. 老师告诉我下次不要迟到了。The teacher told me not to be late next time.5. 我有很多作业要做。 I have a lot of work to do.6. 为了通过考试，我要努力学习。To pass the exam, I will study hard.7 我不知道该做些什么。 I don’t know what to do.8 我不知道如何做。 I don’t know how to do it.

动名词：1. 去远足是我的最爱。 Going hiking is my favorite.2. 我们学习英语有趣We have fun learning English.

1 enjoy doing2 mind doing3 finish doing4 avoid doing5 practice doing6 be worth doing7 keep on doing8 can’t help doing9 give up doing10 look forward to doing11 get/be used to doing

1享受做某事2 介意做某事3 完成做某事4 避免做某事5 练习做某事6 值得做某事7 继续做某事8 忍不住做某事9 放弃做某事10 期望做某事11 习惯于做某事

后面只能跟doing 的动词短语有：

分词：现在分词和过去分词 . 现在分词常用来修饰事物，意为“ 使人感到…的” ； 过去分词常用来修饰人，意为“感到…的”1. 我们对这条令人惊讶的消息感到惊讶。We are surprised at the surprising news.2 这个小姑娘很有趣，她对足球感兴趣。The little girl is very interesting. She is interested in soccer. 3. 中国是一个发展中国家 .China is a developing country.4. 我尽力让别人听懂我的话。I try to make myself understood.5. 她站在那儿微笑。 She stands there smiling.6. 有一种语言被世界各地的人所用。There is a language used by the people all over the world.7. 有些学生在踢足球。There are some students playing soccer.

写作说明：一篇好的作文，既要组织很多材料，下很大的功夫，更要投入感情去写，才能发挥出应有的水平，甚至超常发挥。作文纠错： come ture come true 知识： knowledge