1gps introduction
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INTRODUCTION TO GPS
USING GARMIN E-TREXVISTA HCx
OSM TIPS GarminTeam
Ken Eltschlager Lukus Monette
Scott Davies
Rick Lamkie
Bill Shuss
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Administratium
(Heaviest element known to man)
Welcome
Training Facilities
HotelBreaks
Vouchers
Notebook
Class AgendaSign-in
Introductions Who, Where, What do you do? Experience with GPS?
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First a word from our
sponsors …… TIPS
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Class Goals
Gather site specific data in a global arena
Get a unit in everyone’s hands as ameans of working our field personnel upthe GPS technology ladder
“No inspector left behind!”
Maps are easy!
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Locations - Regulatory
HousesWellsWater monitoringPoints
Blast LocationsComplaintsPermit SignsBore holesPreblast surveysSeismographsSeeps/springs
Flyrock
Compliance House,Compliance House,
450’450’
Complaint House,Complaint House,
550’550’
Complaint House 2,Complaint House 2,
1500’1500’
Blast
Location
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Spatial Relationships are
Important!Example: Vibration Directional Effects
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Locations - AML
Potholes
Shafts
Drill holes
Seeps
Water sampling
Inventory ID
HousesWells
Entries/audits
Endangered speciesFire vents
A
A
A
A
1902 Sanborn Map Overlain on 1914 Madison
County No. 4 Mine Map
GPS BoreholeMeasurement
GPSmeasurement
Of Air Shaft-Errant ?
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Areas - Regulatory
Permits
Bonding
Stockpiles
Ponds
Haul roadsLandslides
Blasting
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Areas - AML
Landslides
Mine fires
Disturbed areas
Site access routes
SubsidenceLinear features too
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Linear Features
Roads
Diversions
Property lines
Highwalls
Erosion gullies
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How Locations and
Areas?
Survey (costly)
Compass and rangefinder (line of sight)
Compass and tape
Grid map (eyeball)GPS Best technology
currently available!
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WHAT IS GPS?
Global PositioningSystem (GPS)
is a satellite-based
Navigation system
U.S. Department of DefenseNAVSTAR, the official U.S. DoD name for
GPSThe first GPS satellite was launched in 1978 A full constellation of 24 satellites was
achieved in 1994
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GPS satellites:Orbit the earth at about 12,000 milesConstantly moving, two complete orbits in less
than 24 hours
Travel at roughly 7,000 miles an hour Satellites are powered by solar energy
1980’s - System available for civilian use butwith Selective Availability (scrambledsignal), accuracy 300 feet
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HOW GPS WORKS
Selective Availability off in May 2001, nowuseable as a hand held unit
Triangulation to calculate locationWhen locked on to at least three satellites,
can calculate a 2D position (latitude and
longitude)Four or more satellites, can determine a 3D
position (latitude, longitude and altitude)
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HOW GPS WORKS
Standard accuracy with original satellites,40 feet
WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)capability will improve accuracy to lessthan 10 feet on average.
Differential correction provides accuracy towithin 3 feet, under ideal conditions less
than 1 - foot
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What is
WAAS?
Federal Aviation Administration Project - augmentsthe GPS constellation to meet the necessaryintegrity, availability, accuracy, and continuity for usein all phases of flight (airplanes)
WAAS consists of:25 reference stations2 master stations2 geosynchronous satellites3 uplink stations
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WAAS Components
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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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How Does It Work?
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GEO Transition
Provides Dual Coverage Over CONUS and Alaska with AOR/W as hot spare
INMARSAT 3
AOR/W
54°W
INMARSAT 3
POR
178°E
INMARSAT AOR/W
98°W
Telesat
107°W
PanAmSat
133°W
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WAAS Status
WAAS has been available for recreational useand visual flight rules since August 2001
WAAS was approved for aviation instrumentoperations on July 10, 2003
Provides 100% coverage of Continental US & Alaska from 100,000ft. to surface
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WAAS Status
Began publication of WAAS specificapproaches in September 2003
Continuing to develop the system to expandvertical navigation to most of North America
2-3 meter accuracy
More information-http://gps.faa.gov/gpsbasics/index.htm
http://www.gpsinformation.org/dale/dgps.htm
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Accuracy and Precision
“Accuracy is the degree to which a measuredvalue conforms to true or accepted values.
Accuracy is a measure of correctness.”
“Precision measures exactness. … It is ameasure of the control over random error.”
From: ESRI GIS Dictionary, 2005
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USGS Accuracy and
Precision Standards
90% of “well-defined points” must be plotted to within1/50th an inch accuracy on a 1:24,000 scale mapwhich is the equivalent of 40 feet on ground surface.
“Well-defined points are easily visible or recoverableon the ground, such as the following: monuments or
markers, property boundary monuments;intersection of roads and railroads; corners of largebuildings or structures (or center points of smallbuildings).”
From: USGS Map Accuracy Standards Fact Sheet FS-171-99 (November 1999)
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Leica SR530 shown set up over USGS monument. Trimble with ArcPadsetup in foreground. Garmin GPS Map 76 resting on USGS monument.
Garmin
Trimble
Leica SR530
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GPS Equipment Summary
Garmin eTrex Vista Easy to use anddownload.Sufficiently accurate in
getting locations for mining.Projects in ArcView.Waypoint navigation
can be used to locatefield features.Inexpensive to ownand operate.
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GPS Equipment Summary
Trimble with Laptop and Arcpad
Slight ‘learning curve’.
Physically cumbersome.
Accurate for measuring
mining locations.
‘Real-time location’ onconvenient base map(s)
is very useful.Fairly expensive to own
and operate.
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GPS Equipment Summary
Leica SR530 Significant ‘learning curve’.
Physically cumbersome.
Highly precise and accuratemeasurement.
Not useful in ‘finding things’.
Requires downloading datain office.
Expensive to own and
operate.
Trac an Po nt Compar son
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Trac an Po nt Compar sonGarmin vs Trimble
Garmin
Trimble
GPS SELECTION
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GPS SELECTION
40 feet 10 feet 3 feet
Low end Mid range High end
$100 $350 $4,000
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Garmin Etrex (Vista)
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Waypoints
Symbols
Names (Shot121103)Coordinates
Elevation
500 waypoint limit Averaging
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Tracks
Track is a cookiecrumb trail
Distance or timebased
10,000 points
20 saved tracksLinear Features
AREAS!!!
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Software
Download GPS data to desktop
Map Source – Manage the dataEdit data
Save data monthly or by site
AutoCadd conversion .dxf
TopoFusion – Display the dataTopographic Maps
Aerial photographs
Conversion – shape files
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Garmin GPS in Mining
Location and distance documentation
Spatial relationships established
WAAS enabled system - $400
Permanent documentation of field data
Develop site schematicsRelate to topographic maps
Relate to aerial photographs
Include in reporting
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FinalProduct
QUESTIONS?
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Global Positioning System
Your location is:
37o 23.323’ N
122o 02.162’ W
QUESTIONS?
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GPS units
Garmin eTrex Vista HCxGPS
Quick guideOwner’s manual
USB Cable
Trip and Waypoint Manager
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Often 2-3 meters
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Each button has a double purpose:
Depress and hold for second function
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Power on
Satellite page
Menu buttonThumbstick
“Use with GPS
Off”
S t llit P
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Satellite PageLocation Accuracy
Displays currentlocation coordinates(dd mm.mmm or
dd mm ss.s)
Acquired satellitesdarken
Outer ring – Horizon
Inner ring – 45o of sky
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WAAS
Satellites 35, 48 and 51
“D” indicates differentialcorrection
Begin data acquisitionwhen accuracy is
acceptable (almanacacquired)
Best with a clear view of
sky (like most mines)D D D
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SET PAGES
MAP ALTIMETER MAIN
MENU
COMPASS
M P
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Map Page
The blackarrowheadrepresentsyou and thedirection you
are facing.
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Inside
Explore withQuit/Page Button
Map Page
Location?
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Inside
Power buttonBacklight
StatusDate/time
Power off
O t id
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Outside
Power on
South view
Acquire satellitesWAAS (35, 48, 51)
Explore map page
Zoom in and out
Power off
15 minutes
G i Vi t HC B tt
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Garmin Vista HCx Buttons
POWER Button
QUIT/PAGE/COMPASS
Used to cycle through
pages
ZOOMIN/OUT
CLICK STICK:
Can be pressedin, moved
up/down, or
left/right
MENU/FIND