1.grammar & excercises book (1)

7/28/2019 1.Grammar & Excercises Book (1)

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SIMPLE PRESENTExamples:

You speak English. Do you speak English? You do not speak English.

USE 1 Repeated Actions

Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The actioncan be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens.It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.Examples:

I play tennis.

She does not play tennis. Does he play tennis? The train leaves every morning at 8 AM. The train does not leave at 9 AM. When does the train usually leave? She always forgets her purse. He neverforgets his wallet. Every twelve months, the Earth circles the Sun. Does the Sun circle the Earth?

USE 2 Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Present can also indicate the speaker believes that a fact was true before, istrue now, and will be true in the future. It is not important if the speaker is correct about thefact. It is also used to make generalizations about people or things.Examples:

Cats like milk. Birds do not like milk. Do pigs like milk? California is in America. California is not in the United Kingdom. Windows are made of glass. Windows are not made of wood.

USE 3 Scheduled Events in the Near Future


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Speakers occasionally use Simple Present to talk about scheduled events in the near future.This is most commonly done when talking about public transportation, but it can be usedwith other scheduled events as well.Examples:

The train leaves tonight at 6 PM. The bus does not arrive at 11 AM, it arrives at 11 PM. When do we board the plane? The party starts at 8 o'clock. When does class begin tomorrow?

Speakers sometimes use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action ishappening or is not happening now.

I am here now. She is not here now. He needs help right now. He does not need help now. He has his passport in his hand. Do you have your passport with you?

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples:

You only speak English. Do you only speak English?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples: Once a week, Tom cleans the car.ACTIVE Once a week, the caris cleaned by Tom. PASSIVE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Examples:

You are watching TV. Are youwatching TV? You are not watching TV.

USE 1 Now


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The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the ideathat something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like SimplePresent, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly"between "be" and "verb+ing."Examples:

She is always coming to class late. He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up. I don't like them because they are always complaining.

. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimplePresent.Examples:

She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:

You are still watching TV. Are you still watching TV?

Verb Tense Exercise 1Simple Present / Present Continuous

Using th e words in parentheses, com plete the text below with the appropriate tenses,then c l ick the "Check" but ton to check your answers .

1. Every Monday, Sally (drive) her kids to football practice.

2. Usually, I (work) as a secretary at ABT, but this summer I

(study) French at a language school in Paris. That is why I am in Paris.

3. Shhhhh! Be quiet! John (sleep) .

4. Don't forget to take your umbrella. It (rain) .

5. I hate living in Seattle because it (rain, always) .

6. I'm sorry I can't hear what you (say) because everybody (talk)so loudly.
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7. Justin (write, currently) a book about his adventures in Tibet. Ihope he can find a good publisher when he is finished.

8. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight?

Denise: Oh, I'm sorry, I can't. I (go) to a movie tonight with some friends.

9. The business cards (be, normally ) printed by a company in New York.

Their prices (be) inexpensive, yet the quality of their work is quite good.

10. This delicious chocolate (be) made by a small chocolatier in Zurich,Switzerland.

Verb Tense Exercise 2Simple Present / Present Continuous

Using th e words in parentheses, com plete the text below with the appropriate tenses,

then c l ick the "Check" but ton to check your answers .

A Trekking Journal November 12, 1997

Today (be) the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted

and my legs (shake) ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill,

really) me and my toes (bleed) , but I (want, still) tocontinue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be)

so different, and I (try) to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn)a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn,

not) foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not)

much yet, I believe that I (improve, gradually) .

I (travel, currently) with Liam, a student from Leeds University in

England.He (be) a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always)

ahead of me and (complain) that I am too slow. I (do) my best tokeep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorryfor myself because I am getting old.


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Right now, Liam (sit) with the owner of the inn. They (discuss) the

differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not) the real name

of the owner, but everybody (call, just) him Tam. Tam (speak)

English very well and he (try) to teach Liam some words in Nepali.Every time

Tam (say) a new word, Liam (try) to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam

(seem, also) to have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don'tget lost and have to ask for directions.

SIMPLE PAST

Examples: You calledDebbie. Did you callDebbie? You did not call Debbie.

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific timein the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they dohave one specific time in mind.Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a play yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car. He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions


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We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These actionshappen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.Examples:

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim. He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the

others at 10:00. Did you add flour, pourin the milk, and then add the eggs?

USE 3 Duration in Past

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A durationis a longer action often indicated by expressions such as: for two years, for five minutes, allday, all year, etc.Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years. Shauna studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day. They did not stay at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. A: How long did you wait for them?

B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past

The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. It can havethe same meaning as "used to." To make it clear that we are talking about a habit, we oftenadd expressions such as: always, often, usually, never, when I was a child, when I wasyounger, etc.Examples:

I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after school.
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They neverwent to school, they always skipped class.

USE 5 Past Facts or Generalizations

The Simple Past can also be used to describe past facts or generalizations which are nolonger true. As in USE 4 above, this use of the Simple Past is quite similar to the expression"used to."Examples:

She was shy as a child, but now she is very outgoing. He didn't like tomatoes before. Did you live in Texas when you were a kid? People paid much more to make cell phone calls in the past.

IMPORTANT When-Clauses Happen First: Clauses are groups of words which havemeaning but are often not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when"

such as "when I dropped my pen..." or "when class began..." These clauses are calledwhen-clauses, and they are very important. The examples below contain when-clauses.Examples:

When I paid her one dollar, she answered my question. She answered my question when I paid her one dollar.

When-clauses are important because they always happen first when both clauses are in theSimple Past. Both of the examples above mean the same thing: first, I paid her one dollar,and then, she answered my question. It is not important whether "when I paid her onedollar" is at the beginning of the sentence or at the end of the sentence. However, theexample below has a different meaning. First, she answered my question, and then, I paid

her one dollar.Example:

I paid her one dollarwhen she answered my question.

ADVERB PLACEMENT: The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbssuch as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:

Youjust called Debbie. Did youjust call Debbie?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples: Tom repaired the car.ACTIVE The carwas repaired by Tom. PASSIVE

PAST CONTINUOUSExamples:

You were studying when she called.
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Were youstudying when she called? You were not studying when she called.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Past

Use the Past Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. Theinterruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past. Remember this can be a realinterruption or just an interruption in time.Examples:

I was watching TV when she called. When the phone rang, she was writing a letter. While we were having the picnic, it started to rain. What were you doing when the earthquake started? I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm. You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off. While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car. Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane. While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off. A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?

B: I was snowboarding.

USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption

In USE 1, described above, the Past Continuous is interrupted by a shorter action in theSimple Past. However, you can also use a specific time as an interruption.Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. At midnight, we were still driving through the desert. Yesterday at this time, I was sitting at my desk at work.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In thePast Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action.Examples:

Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner. ISTARTED EATING AT6PM. Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner. ISTARTED EARLIER;AND AT6PM, IWAS IN

THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

USE 3 Parallel Actions


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When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses theidea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions are parallel.Examples:

I was studying while he was making dinner. While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television. Were you listening while he was talking? I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes. What were you doing while you were waiting? Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either. They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, andhaving a good time.

USE 4 Atmosphere

In English, we often use a series of parallel actions to describe the atmosphere at aparticular time in the past. Example:

When I walked into the office, several people were busilytyping, some weretalking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers werewaiting to be helped. One customerwas yelling at a secretary andwaving hishands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad service.

USE 5 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"

The Past Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea thatsomething irritating or shocking often happened in the past. The concept is very similar tothe expression "used to" but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or"constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing."Examples:

She was always coming to class late. He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone. I didn't like them because they were always complaining.

While vs. When

Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but are often not complete sentences.Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me."Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he wassurfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verbtense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous."While" expresses the idea of "during that time." Study the examples below. They havesimilar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence. Examples:

I was studying when she called.
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While I was studying, she called.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuoustenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used incontinuous tenses. Instead of using Past Continuous with these verbs, you must useSimplePast.Examples:

Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Not Correct Jane was at my house when you arrived. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT


You werejust studying when she called. Were youjust studying when she called?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store.ACTIVE The customerwas being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the

store. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 3Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using th e words in parentheses, com plete the text below w ith the appropriate tenses,

then c l ick the "Check" but ton to check your answers

1. A: What (you, do) when the accident occurred?

2. B: I (try) to change a light bulb that had burnt out.

3. After I (find) the wallet full of money, I (go, immediately) to

the police and (turn) it in.

4. The doctor (say) that Tom (be) too sick to go to work and that

he (need) to stay at home for a couple of days.

5. Sebastian (arrive) at Susan's house a little before 9:00 PM, but she (be,

not) there. She (study, at the library) for her finalexamination in French.
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6. Sandy is in the living room watching television. At this time yesterday, she (watch,

also) television. That's all she ever does!

7. A: I (call) you last night after dinner, but you (be, not) there.Where were you?

8. I (work) out at the fitness center.

9. When I (walk) into the busy office, the secretary (talk) on the

phone with a customer, several clerks (work, busily) at their desks, and

two managers (discuss, quietly) methods to improve customerservice.

10. I (watch) a mystery movie on TV when the electricity went out. Now I amnever going to find out how the movie ends.

11. Sharon (be) in the room when John told me what happened, but she didn't

hear anything because she (listen, not) .

12. It's strange that you (call) because I (think, just) about you.

13. The Titanic (cross) the Atlantic when it (strike) an iceberg.

14. When I entered the bazaar, a couple of merchants (bargain, busily)

and (try) to sell their goods to naive tourists who (hunt) for

souvenirs. Some young boys (lead) their donkeys through the narrow

streets on their way home. A couple of men (argue) over the price of a

leather belt. I (walk) over to a man who (sell) fruit and

(buy) a banana.

15. The firemen (rescue) the old woman who (be) trapped on thethird floor of the burning building.

16. She was so annoying! She (leave, always) her dirty dishes in the sink.


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17. I think she (expect, actually) me to do them for her.

18. Samantha (live) in Berlin for more than two years. In fact, she

(live) there when the Berlin Wall came down.

Verb Tense Exercise 4Simple Past / Past Continuous

Using th e words in parentheses, complete the text below with th e appropriate tenses,


Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) . She said she

(call) me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if

she (wait) for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall

lecturing while she (talk) to me. I couldn't believe she (make) aphone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep,

actually) in class. Some of the students (talk) about their

plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) a picture of a horse.

When Angela (tell) me she was not satisfied with the class, I

(mention) that my biology professor was quite good and

(suggest) that she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear) her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a

phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) up the phone and went to

the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut) vegetables for a salad, the phone rang

once again. It (be) Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in class.


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PRESENT PERFECTExamples:

You have seenthat movie many times. Have you seenthat movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times.

Complete List of Present Perfect Forms

USE 1 Unspecified Time Before Now

We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time beforenow. The exact time is not important. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specifictime expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when Ilived in Japan, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect withunspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, sofar, already, yet, etc. Examples:

I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in California. People have traveled to the Moon. People have not traveled to Mars. Have you read the book yet? Nobody has everclimbed that mountain. A: Has there everbeen a war in the United States? B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

How Do You Actually Use the Present Perfect?

The concept of "unspecified time" can be very confusing to English learners. It is best toassociate Present Perfect with the following topics:

TOPIC 1 Experience

You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have theexperience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certainexperience. The Present Perfect is NOT used to describe a specific event.Examples:

I have been to France.THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF BEING INFRANCE.

MAYBE YOU HAVE BEEN THERE ONCE, OR SEVERAL TIMES. I have been to France three times.

YOU CAN ADD THE NUMBER OF TIMES AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE. I have neverbeen to France.
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THIS SENTENCE MEANS THAT YOU HAVE NOT HAD THE EXPERIENCE OF GOING TOFRANCE.

I think I have seen that movie before.He has nevertraveled by train.

Joan has studied two foreign languages. A: Have you evermet him?

B: No, I have not met him.

TOPIC 2 Change Over Time

We often use the Present Perfect to talk about change that has happened over a period oftime. Examples:

You have grown since the last time I saw you. The government has become more interested in arts education. Japanese has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the

Asian studies program was established. My English has really improved since I moved to Australia.

TOPIC 3 Accomplishments

We often use the Present Perfect to list the accomplishments of individuals and humanity.You cannot mention a specific time. Examples:

Man has walked on the Moon. Our son has learned how to read. Doctors have cured many deadly diseases. Scientists have split the atom.

TOPIC 4 An Uncompleted Action You Are Expecting

We often use the Present Perfect to say that an action which we expected has nothappened. Using the Present Perfect suggests that we are still waiting for the action tohappen. Examples:

James has not finished his homework yet. Susan hasn't mastered Japanese, but she can communicate. Bill has still not arrived. The rain hasn't stopped.

TOPIC 5 Multiple Actions at Different Times

We also use the Present Perfect to talk about several different actions which have occurredin the past at different times. Present Perfect suggests the process is not complete andmore actions are possible. Examples:

The army has attacked that city five times. I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester. We have had many major problems while working on this project. She has talked to several specialists about her problem, but nobody knows why she

is sick.


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Time Expressions with Present Perfect

When we use the Present Perfect it means that something has happened at some point inour lives before now. Remember, the exact time the action happened is not important.

Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do thiswith expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, upto now, etc.

Examples:

Have you been to Mexico in the last year? I have seen that movie six times in the last month. They have had three tests in the last week. She graduated from university less than three years ago. She has worked for three

different companies so far. My carhas broken down three times this week.

NOTICE

"Last year" and "in the last year" are very different in meaning. "Last year" means the year

before now, and it is considered a specific time which requires Simple Past. "In the lastyear" means from 365 days ago until now. It is not considered a specific time, so it requiresPresent Perfect.Examples:

I went to Mexico last year. IWENT TO MEXICO IN THE CALENDAR YEAR BEFORE THIS ONE. I have been to Mexico in the last year. IHAVE BEEN TO MEXICO AT LEAST ONCE AT SOME POINT BETWEEN 365DAYS AGO AND

NOW.

USE 2 Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and non-continuous uses ofMixed Verbs, we use the PresentPerfect to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For fiveminutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with thePresent Perfect.Examples:
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I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been in England for six months. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

Although the above use of Present Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs andnon-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" aresometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

ADVERB PLACEMENT


You have only seen that movie one time. Have you only seen that movie one time?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Many tourists have visited that castle.

ACTIVE

That castle has been visited by many tourists. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 5

Simple Past / Present PerfectUsing th e words in parentheses, com plete the text below with the appropriate tenses,


1. A: Did you like the movie "Star Wars?"

2. B: I don't know. I (see, never) that movie.

3. Sam (arrive) in San Diego a week ago.

4. My best friend and I (know) each other for over fifteen years. We still gettogether once a week.

5. Stinson is a fantastic writer. He (write) ten very creative short stories in thelast year. One day, he'll be as famous as Hemingway.


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6. I (have, not) this much fun since I (be) a kid.

7. Things (change) a great deal at Coltech, Inc. When we first

(start) working here three years ago, the company (have,

only) six employees. Since then, we (expand) to include morethan 2000 full-time workers.

8. I (tell) him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he

(wander) off into the forest and (be) bitten by a snake.

9. Listen Donna, I don't care if you (miss) the bus this morning. You

(be) late to work too many times. You are fired!

10. Sam is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see,

never) the ocean. He should come with us to Miami.

11. How sad! George (dream) of going to California before he died, but he

didn't make it. He (see, never) the ocean.

12. In the last hundred years, traveling (become) much easier and very

comfortable. In the 19th century, it (take) two or three months to cross

North America by covered wagon. The trip (be) very rough and often

dangerous. Things (change) a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years.Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.

13. Jonny, I can't believe how much you (change) since the last time I

(see) you. You (grow) at least a foot!

14. This tree (be) planted by the settlers who (found) our cityover four hundred years ago.

15. This mountain (be, never) climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers

(try) to reach the top, but nobody (succeed, ever) . The


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climb is extremely difficult and many people (die) trying to reach thesummit.

16. I (visit, never) Africa, but I (travel) to South America

several times. The last time I (go) to South America, I (visit)

Brazil and Peru. I (spend) two weeks in the Amazon, (hike)

for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly) over the Nazca Lines.

Verb Tense Exercise 6Simple Past / Present Perfect

Using th e words in parentheses, com plete the text below with the appropriate tenses,then c l ick the "Check" but ton to check your answers .

Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology

(change) a great deal. The first computers (be) simple machines

designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) much memory and they (be,

not) very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and

customers often (pay) thousands of dollars for machines which actually

(do) very little. Most computers (be) separate, individualmachines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Times (change) . Computers (become) powerful machines with

very practical applications. Programmers (create) a large selection of usefulprograms which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still

playing video games, but today's games (become) faster, more exciting

interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) on the Internet and

(begin) communicating with other computer users around the world. We(start) to create international communities online. In short, the simple,

individual machines of the past (evolve) into an international World Wide Webof knowledge.


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PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Examples:

You have been waiting here for two hours. Have you been waiting here for two hours? You have not been waiting here for two hours.

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and hascontinued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are alldurations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous.Examples:

They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? James has been teaching at the university since June. We have been waiting here for over two hours! Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

USE 2 Recently, Lately


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You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for twoweeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We oftenuse the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning.Examples:

Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately. Have you been exercising lately? Mary has been feeling a little depressed. Lisa has not been practicing her English. What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT

Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." Ifyou use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feelingalright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy.

A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the

person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the resultsof the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuoustenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used incontinuous tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you mustuse Present Perfect.Examples:

Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT


You have only been waiting here for one hour. Have you only been waiting here for one hour?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Recently, John has been doing the work.ACTIVE

Recently, the work has been being done by John. PASSIVE
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Verb Tense Exercise 7Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous



Robin: I think the waiter (forget) us. We (wait) here for overhalf an hour and nobody (take) our order yet.

Michele: I think you're right. He (walk) by us at least twenty times. He probably

thinks we (order, already) .

Robin: Look at that couple over there, they (be, only) here for five or tenminutes and they already have their food.

Michele: He must realize we (order, not) yet! We (sit) herefor over half an hour staring at him.

Robin: I don't know if he (notice, even) us. He (run) fromtable to table taking orders and serving food.

Michele: That's true, and he (look, not) in our direction once.

Verb Tense Exercise 8Present Perfect / Present Perfect Continuous




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1. Judy: How long (be) in Canada?

Claude: I (study) here for more than three years.

2. I (have) the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying anew one.

3. I (love) chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a"chocoholic."

4. Matt and Sarah (have) some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they

(go) to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.

5. John (work) for the government since he graduated from Harvard

University. Until recently, he (enjoy) his work, but now he is talking aboutretiring.

6. Lately, I (think) about changing my career because I

(become) dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.

7. I (see) Judy for more than five years and during that time I(see) many changes in her personality.

Verb Tense Exercise 9Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous



1. It (rain) all week. I hope it stops by Saturday because I want to go to thebeach.

2. Sid: Where is Gary?


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3. Sarah: He (study, at the library) for his German test on

Wednesday. In fact, he (review) for the test every day for the lastweek.

4. You look really great! (You, exercise) at the fitness center ?

Frank, where have you been? We (wait) for you since 1 PM.

5. Tim: What is that sound?

Nancy: A car alarm (ring) somewhere down the street. It

(drive) me crazy - I wish it would stop! It (ring) for morethan twenty minutes.

6. Joseph's English (improve, really) , isn't it? He (watch)

American television programs and (study) his grammar every day since

he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.

7. Dan: You look a little tired. (You, get) enough sleep lately?

Michelle: Yes, I (sleep) relatively well. I just look tired because I

(feel) a little sick for the last week.Dan: I hope you feel better soon.

Michelle: Thanks. I (take, currently) some medicine, so I should feelbetter in a couple of days.

Verb Tense Exercise 10Present Continuous / Present Perfect Continuous



Mr. Smith: So tell me a little bit about yourself, Mr. Harris. I would like to find out a little bitmore about your background.

Mr. Harris: I (work) in the insurance industry for over ten years. I worked forMet Life for six years and World Insurance for four and a half. During that time, I heard

many good things about Hollings Life Insurance and that's why I (apply) forthe new sales position.

Mr. Smith: Tell me a little about your hobbies and interests.

Mr. Harris: In my spare time, I hike in the mountains outside of town, volunteer at the Sierra

Club and play tennis. In fact, I (compete) in a tennis tournament this


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weekend.

Mr. Smith: Really, how long (you, play) tennis ?

Mr. Harris: I (play) since high school. I love the sport.

Mr. Smith: Great! We like dedication here at Hollings Life. You mentioned you volunteer at

the Sierra Club. I (work, currently) with them on the sea turtle project. We

(try) to create a wildlife sanctuary near the bay.

Mr. Harris: Do you know Frank Harris? He's my brother. He (work,

presently) on the same project.

Mr. Smith: I know Frank quite well. Any brother of Frank's would be a welcome addition to

Hollings Life. Just one more thing, we (look) for somebody who is fluent inSpanish; many of our clients are from Mexico.

Mr. Harris: No problem. I (study) Spanish since elementary school.

Mr. Smith: Sounds like you are the perfect candidate.

Verb Tense Exercise 11Simple Past / Past Perfect



I can't believe I (get) that apartment. I (submit) my application

last week, but I didn't think I had a chance of actually getting it. When I (show)

up to take a look around, there were at least twenty other people who (arrive)

before me. Most of them (fill, already) out their applications and werealready leaving. The landlord said I could still apply, so I did.

I (try) to fill out the form, but I couldn't answer half of the questions. They

(want) me to include references, but I didn't want to list my previous landlord

because I (have) some problems with him in the past and I knew he wouldn't

recommend me. I (end) up listing my father as a reference.

It was total luck that he (decide) to give me the apartment. It turns out that the


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landlord and my father (go) to high school together. He decided that I could

have the apartment before he (look) at my credit report. I really lucked out!

PAST PERFECTExamples:

You had studied English before you moved to New York.

Had youstudied English before you moved to New York? You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past

The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in thepast. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.Examples:

I had neverseen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet. Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times. Had Susan everstudied Thai before she moved to Thailand? She only understood the movie because she had read the book. Kristine had neverbeen to an opera before last night. We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance. A: Had you evervisited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?

B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Past (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses ofMixed Verbs, we use thePast Perfect to show that something started in the past and continued up until anotheraction in the past. Examples:

We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
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By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years. They felt bad about selling the house because they had owned it for more than forty

years.

Although the above use of Past Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs andnon-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" aresometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

IMPORTANT Specific Times with the Past Perfect

Unlike with the Present Perfect, it is possible to use specific time words or phrases with thePast Perfect. Although this is possible, it is usually not necessary. Example:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in withthem in 1996.

MOREOVER

If the Past Perfect action did occur at a specific time, the Simple Past can be used insteadof the Past Perfect when "before" or "after" is used in the sentence. The words "before" and"after" actually tell you what happens first, so the Past Perfect is optional. For this reason,both sentences below are correct. Examples:

She had visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with themin 1996.

She visited her Japanese relatives once in 1993 before she moved in with them in1996.

HOWEVER

If the Past Perfect is not referring to an action at a specific time, Past Perfect is not optional.Compare the examples below. Here Past Perfect is referring to a lack of experience ratherthan an action at a specific time. For this reason, Simple Past cannot be used. Examples:

She neversaw a bear before she moved to Alaska. Not Correct She had neverseen a bear before she moved to Alaska.Correct


You had previously studied English before you moved to New York. Had you previously studied English before you moved to New York?

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Simple Past / Present Perfect / Past Perfect



1. When I (arrive) home last night, I discovered that Jane (prepare) abeautiful candlelight dinner.

2. Since I began acting, I (perform) in two plays, a television commercial and a TV

drama. However, I (speak, never even) publicly before I came to Hollywoodin 1985.

3. By the time I got to the office, the meeting (begin, already) without me. My

boss (be) furious with me and I (be) fired.

4. When I (turn) the radio on yesterday, I (hear) a song that was

popular when I was in high school. I (hear, not) the song in years, and it

(bring) back some great memories.

5. Last week, I (run) into an ex-girlfriend of mine. We (see, not) each

other in years, and both of us (change) a great deal. I (enjoy)

talking to her so much that I (ask) her out on a date. We are getting togethertonight for dinner.

6. When Jack (enter) the room, I (recognize, not) him because he

(lose) so much weight and (grow) a beard. He looked totallydifferent!

7. The Maya established a very advanced civilization in the jungles of the Yucatan; however, their

culture (disappear, virtually) by the time Europeans first

(arrive) in the New World.

8. I (visit) so many beautiful places since I (come) to Utah. Before

moving here, I (hear, never) of Bryce Canyon, Zion, Arches, or Canyonlands.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Examples:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?

You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.


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USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past andcontinued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are bothdurations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related tothePresent Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stopsbefore something else in the past.Examples:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of

business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for

Asia. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?

B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show

cause and effect.Examples: Jason was tired because he had been jogging. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday,"many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past PerfectContinuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. PastContinuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizesa duration of time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand

the difference.Examples: He was tired because he was exercising so hard.

THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING ATTHATEXACT MOMENT.

He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISINGOVER A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THATMOMENTORTHAT HE HAD JUST FINISHED.
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REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuoustenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used incontinuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you mustuse Past Perfect.Examples:

The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. No tCorrect

The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT


You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived. Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two yearsbefore he moved to Paris.ACTIVE

The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for twoyears before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 13Past Perfect / Past Perfect Continuous



I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because the show

started at 8:00. I (try) to get tickets for that play for months, and I didn't wantto miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were supposed to meet, I

(have) five cups of coffee and I (wait) over an hour. I had to

leave because I (arrange) to meet Kathy in front of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) up the tickets and shewas waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she

(wait) for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost)

up and (go) into the theater without us.
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Kathy told me you (be) late several times in the past and that she would not

make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss)several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an apology. And in the

future, I suggest you be on time!

Verb Tense Exercise 14Present Perfect / Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous



1. It is already 9:30 PM and I (wait) here for over an hour. If John does

not get here in the next five minutes, I am going to leave.

2. I was really angry at John yesterday. By the time he finally arrived, I

(wait) for over an hour. I almost left without him.

3. Did you hear that Ben was fired last month? He (work) for that import

company for more than ten years and he (work) in almost everydepartment. Nobody knew the company like he did.

4. I (see) many pictures of the pyramids before I went to Egypt. Picturesof the monuments are very misleading. The pyramids are actually quite small.

5. Sarah (climb) the Matterhorn, (sail) around the world,

and (go) on safari in Kenya. She is such an adventurous person.


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6. Sarah (climb) the Matterhorn, (sail) around the world

and (go) on safari in Kenya by the time she turned twenty-five. She

(experience) more by that age than most people do in their entirelives.

7. When Melanie came into the office yesterday, her eyes were red and watery. I think

she (cry) .

Verb Tense Exercise 15Present Continuous / Simple Past

Present Perfect Continuous / Past Perfect Continuous



My English is really getting better. I (try) to learn the language since 1985,but only recently have I been able to make some real progress. By the time I started high

school in 1988, I (study) the language for almost three years; however, Iwas only able to introduce myself and utter a few memorized sentences. For a couple more

years, I (struggle) through grammar and vocabulary lessons, which madeabsolutely no difference. Nothing worked, so I decided to study abroad.

I found an exchange program in England that sounded like the perfect answer. I(stay) with a host family for one month. It was a huge disappointment! I

(sit) there the whole time staring at the host mother and father hoping thatthere would be some breakthrough. Nothing.

When I returned, I mentioned to a friend that I (have) problems with thelanguage for years. He recommended that I spend a year in an English speaking country. I

decided to go abroad again. I (research) exchange programs for a couple ofweeks and finally decided on a school in the United States.

Well, it worked. I (live) and (study) in the U.S. for more than

two years. I (stay) here for at least another year before I return home. Bythen, I should be completely fluent.


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Verb Tense Exercise 16Present and Past Tenses

and Non-Continuous Verbs



a. Look, I (have) two tickets for the circus.

b. Look, I (hold) two tickets for the circus.

a. We (be) there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.

b. We (wait) there for more than half an hour by the time the show began.

a. Sam (sit) in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water atme.

b. Sam (be) in the seat next to me when the clown threw a bucket of water atme.

a. One clown was juggling while he (balance) a glass of wine on his head.b. One clown was juggling while he (have) a glass of wine on his head.

a. I (love) the circus ever since I was a child.

b. I (go) to the circus ever since I was a child.

a. Right now, I (see) two elephants doing tricks in the ring.

b. Right now, I (look) at two elephants doing tricks in the ring.

Verb Tense Exercise 17Present and Past Tense Review


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Lars: Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

Tony: We (wait) for the new Stars Wars movie. In fact, we

(wait) here for more than five hours.Lars: Five hours? When did you arrive?

Tony: We (get) here at 6:00 o'clock this morning. More than forty

people (stand, already) here waiting for tickets when we arrived.Lars: I can't believe that! Are you serious?

Tony: Yeah, people (take) Star Wars movies seriously. In fact, this particular

showing has been sold out for over a week. We (wait, just) in line to get agood seat in the theater.Lars: When did you buy your tickets?

Tony: I (buy) them last week by phone. I (know) tickets would be

hard to get because I (see) a news interview with a group of people standing

in line to get tickets. They (wait) in line for almost a month to buy tickets forthe first showing.Lars: I don't believe that!

Tony: It's true. They (camp) out in front of Mann's Chinese Theater in Los

Angeles for about a month because they (want) to be the first people to seethe movie.

SIMPLE FUTURE

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the twoforms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very differentmeanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time andpractice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specifictime in the future.


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Examples:

You will help him later. Will you help him later? You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To[am/is/are + going to + verb] Examples:

You are going to meet Jane tonight. Are you going to meet Jane tonight? You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is onethe speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someoneelse's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone helpus or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuseto voluntarily do something.Examples:

I will send you the information when I get it. I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it. Will you help me move this heavy table? Will you make dinner? I will not do your homework for you. I won't do all the housework myself! A: I'm really hungry.

B: I'll make some sandwiches. A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.

B: I'll get you some coffee. A: The phone is ringing.

B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.Examples:

I will call you when I arrive. If I am elected President of the United States, I will makesure everyone has access

to inexpensive health insurance. I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party. Don't worry, I'll be careful. I won't tell anyone your secret.


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USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a personintends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic ornot.Examples:

He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii. She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii. A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?

B: We are going to meet at 6 PM. I'm going to be an actor when I grow up. Michelle is going to begin medical school next year. They are going to drive all the way to Alaska. Who are you going to invite to the party? A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?

B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a PredictionBoth "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future.Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences,the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. Inthe following examples, there is no difference in meaning.Examples:

The year 2222 will be a very interesting year. The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year. John Smith will be the next President. John Smith is going to be the next President. The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards. The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, thereis more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with timeexpressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.

Instead of Simple Future,Simple Present is used.Examples: When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

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You will neverhelp him. Will you everhelp him? You are nevergoing to meet Jane. Are you evergoing to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

John will finish the work by 5:00 PM.ACTIVE The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. PASSIVE Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight.ACTIVE A beautiful dinneris going to be made by Sally tonight.PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 18Will / Be Going To



1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?

B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas.

2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!

B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.

3. A: I can't hear the television!

B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it.

4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit)

Paris, Nice and Grenoble.

5. Sarah (come) to the party. Oliver (be) there as well.

6. Ted: It is so hot in here!

Sarah: I (turn) the air-conditioning on.


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7. I think he (be) the next President of the United States.

8. After I graduate, I (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I havewanted to be a doctor all my life.

9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simplytoo small for four people.

B: That man at the service counter (help) you.

10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) down to the beach and goswimming.




1. Mark: What are you doing with those scissors?

Beth: I (cut) that picture of the ocean out of the travel magazine.

Mark: What (you, do) with it?

Beth: I (paint) a watercolor of the ocean for my art class, and I thought Icould use this photograph as a model.

2. Mark: (you, do) me a favor, Sam?Sam: Sure, what do you want me to do?

Mark: I (change) the broken light bulb in the lamp above the diningroom table. I need someone to hold the ladder for me while I am up there.

Sam: No problem, I (hold) it for you.

3. Gina: Where are you going? Ted: I (go) to the store to pick up some

groceries. Gina: What (you, get) ?

Ted: I (buy) some milk, some bread, and some coffee.

4. John: Wow, it's freezing out there.

Jane: I (make) some coffee to warm us up. Do you want a piece of pie as

well? John: Coffee sounds great! But I (have) dinner with some friends

later, so I'd better skip the pie. Jane: I (go) to dinner tonight too, but I'mhaving a piece of pie anyway.


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5. Frank: I heard you're taking a Spanish class at the community college. Tom: Yeah, I

(go) to Guatemala next spring and I thought knowing a little Spanish

would make the trip easier. Frank: I (visit) my brother in Marseilles nextyear. Maybe I should take a French class.

Tom: I have a course catalog in the other room. I (go) get it, and we cansee whether or not they're offering a French course next semester.




1. Michael: Do you think the Republicans or the Democrats (win) the nextelection?

Jane: I think the Republicans (win) the next election.

John: No way! The Democrats (win) .

2. Susan: We (go) camping this weekend. Would you like to comealong?Sam: That sounds great, but I don't have a sleeping bag.

Susan: No problem. I (lend) you one. My family has tons of campinggear.

3. Barbara: I (buy) a new car this weekend, but I'm a little worriedbecause I don't really know much about cars. I'm afraid the salesman

(try) to take advantage of me when he sees how little I know.Dave: I used to work for a mechanic in high school and I know a lot about cars. I

(go) with you to make sure you are not cheated.

4. Gina: Fred and I (visit) Santa Fe next summer. Have you ever beenthere?

Margaret: My family lives in Santa Fe! I (give) you my parents' phone

number. When you get to Santa Fe, just call them and they (give) youa little tour of the town. They can show you some of the sights that most touristsnever see.

5. Pam: Can you see my future in the crystal ball? What (happen) next

year? Fortune Teller: You (meet) a man from the East Coast,

perhaps New York or maybe Boston. You (marry) that mystery man.

Pam: Forget the man! I want to know if I (get) a new job.


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Verb Tense Exercise 21Simple Present / Simple Future

Using the wo rds in p arentheses, complete the text below w ith the appropriate tenses,

then c l ick the "Check" but ton to check your answers.

1. Today after I (get) out of class, I (go) to a movie with somefriends.

2. When you (arrive) in Stockholm, call my friend Gustav. He

(show) you around the city and help you get situated.

3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate) ?

B: After I (receive) my Master's from Georgetown University, I

(go) to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan) tocomplete a Ph.D. in cognitive science.

4. If it (snow) this weekend, we (go) skiing near Lake Tahoe.

5. Your father (plan) to pick you up after school today at 3:00 o'clock. He

(meet) you across the street near the ice cream shop. If something

happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) you up instead.

6. If the people of the world (stop, not) cutting down huge stretches of rain

forest, we (experience) huge changes in the environment during thetwenty-first century.

7. If Vera (keep) drinking, she (lose, eventually) herjob.

8. I promise you that I (tell, not) your secret to anybody. Even if somebody

(ask) me about what happened that day, I (reveal, not) thetruth to a single person.

9. She (make) some major changes in her life. She (quit) her

job and go back to school.10. After she (finish) studying, she (get) a better-paying job and

buy a house. She is going to improve her life!

11. Tom (call) when he (arrive) in Madrid. He

(stay) with you for two or three days until his new apartment

(be) available.


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Verb Tense Exercise 22Simple Present / Simple Future



1. Michael: After you (leave) work, will you please drop by the grocery store

and pick up some milk and bread?Marie: No problem, I (pick) up the groceries and be home by 6 o'clock.

Michael: Great. You will probably get home before I (do) .

2. Ari: By the time we (get) to the movie theater, the tickets are going to besold out.Sarah: Don't worry. I told Jane we might be arriving just before the movie

(start) . She (buy) our tickets and meet us in the lobby.

3. Ari: That place is huge! We (find, never) her in that crowded lobby.

Sarah: Calm down, we (meet) each other near the entrance.

Terry: If the weather (be) good tomorrow, maybe we should go to thebeach.

4. Jennifer: I have a better idea. If it (be) nice out, we'll go to the beach; and if

it (rain) , we'll see a movie.

Terry: I guess we will have to wait until we (get) up in the morning to findout what we are going to do.

5. Max: What are you going to do tomorrow after work?Sean: I (meet) some friends at the cafe across the street. Would you liketo come along? Max: No thanks! My brother is coming to town and I

(pick) him up from the airport at 7 o'clock.

Sean: We (be, probably) at the cafe until 9 o'clock. Why don't you join us

after you (pick) him up.

Max: Sounds good. We (see) you around 8 o'clock.

Lucy: I (call) you as soon as I arrive in Dublin.

Dwain: If I am not there when you (call) , make sure to leave a message.Lucy: I will. And please don't forget to water my plants and feed the cat.

Dwain: I promise I (take) care of everything while you are in Ireland


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FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Future Continuous has two different forms: "will be doing " and "be going to be doing."Unlike Simple Future forms, Future Continuous forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Continuous with "Will"

[will be + present participle]Examples:

You will be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Will you be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You will not be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

FORM Future Continuous with "Be Going To "[am/is/are + going to be + present participle]Examples:

You are going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight. Are you going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight? You are not going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives tonight.

REMEMBER: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the FutureContinuous with little difference in meaning.

USE 1 Interrupted Action in the Future

Use the Future Continuous to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted bya shorter action in the future. Remember this can be a real interruption or just an interruptionin time.Examples:

I will be watching TV when she arrives tonight.

I will be waiting for you when your bus arrives. I am going to be staying at the Madison Hotel, if anythinghappens and you needto

contact me. He will be studying at the library tonight, so he will not see Jennifer when

she arrives.Notice in the examples above that the interruptions (marked in italics) are in SimplePresent rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.
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USE 2 Specific Time as an Interruption in the Future

In USE 1, described above, the Future Continuous is interrupted by a short action inthe future. In addition to using short actions as interruptions, you can also use aspecific time as an interruption.Examples:

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.IWILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER.

At midnight tonight, we will still be driving through the desert.WE WILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF DRIVING THROUGH THE DESERT.

REMEMBER

In the Simple Future, a specific time is used to show the time an action will begin or end. In

the Future Continuous, a specific time interrupts the action.Examples:

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to eat dinner.IAM GOING TO START EATING AT6PM.

Tonight at 6 PM, I am going to be eating dinner.IAM GOING TO START EARLIER AND IWILL BE IN THE PROCESS OF EATING DINNER AT 6PM.

USE 3 Parallel Actions in the Future

When you use the Future Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expressesthe idea that both actions will be happening at the same time. The actions areparallel.Examples:

I am going to be studying and he is going to be makingdinner. Tonight, they will be eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good

time. While Ellen is reading, Tim will be watching television.

NOTICE "IS READING"BECAUSE OF THE TIME CLAUSE CONTAINING "WHILE."(SEE EXPLANATION

BELOW)

USE 4 Atmosphere in the Future

In English, we often use a series of Parallel Actions to describe atmosphere at a specificpoint in the future.Example:

When I arrive at the party, everybody is going to be celebrating. Some will bedancing. Others are going to be talking. A few people will be eating pizza, andseveral people are going to be drinking beer. They always do the same thing.
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REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future tenses, the Future Continuous cannot be used in clauses beginning with timeexpressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.Instead of Future Continuous, Present Continuous is used.Examples:

While I am going to be finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. No tCorrect

While I am finishing my homework, she is going to make dinner. Correct

AND REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuoustenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings forMixed Verbs cannot be used incontinuous tenses. Instead of using Future Continuous with these verbs, you mustuseSimple Future.Examples:

Jane will be being at my house when you arrive. Not Correct Jane will be at my house when you arrive. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,

never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples: You will still be waiting for her when her plane arrives. Will you still be waiting for her when her plane arrives? You are still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives. Are you still going to be waiting for her when her plane arrives?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:

At 8:00 PM tonight, John will be washing the dishes.ACTIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. PASSIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes.ACTIVE At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 23Simple Future / Future Continuous

Using th e words in parentheses, complete the text below with th e appropriate tenses,


1. Sandra: Where is Tim going to meet us?

Marcus: He (wait) for us when our train arrives. I am sure he

(stand) on the platform when we pull into the station. Sandra: And thenwhat? Marcus: We (pick) Michele up at work and go out to dinner.

2. Ted: When we get to the party, Jerry (watch) TV, Sam

(make) drinks, Beth (dance) by herself, and Thad

(complain) about his day at work.
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Robin: Maybe, this time they won't be doing the same things. Ted: I am absolutely positive

they (do) the same things; they always do the same things.

3. Florence: Oh, look at that mountain of dirty dishes! Who (wash) all ofthose?

Jack: I promise I (do) them when I get home from work.

Florence: Thanks. Jack: When you get home this evening, that mountain will be gone andnice stacks of sparkling clean dishes (sit) in the cabinets.

4. Doug: If you need to contact me next week, I (stay) at the HoffmanHotel.

Nancy: I (call) you if there are any problems.Doug: This is the first time I have ever been away from the kids. Nancy: Don't worry, they

(be) be fine.

5. Samantha: Just think, next week at this time, I (lie) on a tropical beachin Maui drinking Mai Tais and eating pineapple.

Darren: While you are luxuriating on the beach, I (stress) out over thismarketing project. How are you going to enjoy yourself knowing that I am working sohard? Samantha: I 'll manage somehow. Darren: You're terrible. Can't you take me with

you? Samantha: No. But I (send) you a postcard of a beautiful, white sand

beach. Darren: Great, that (make) me feel much bette


Simple Present / Simple FuturePresent Continuous / Future Continuous



1. Right now, I am watching TV. Tomorrow at this time, I (watch) TV as well.

2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) to the beach.

3. I am going on a dream vacation to Tahiti. While you (do) paperwork and(talk) to annoying customers on the phone, I (lie) on a sunny,tropical beach. Are you jealous?

4. We (hide) when Tony (arrive) at his surprise party. As soon

as he opens the door, we (jump) out and (scream) ,"Surprise!"


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5. We work out at the fitness center every day after work. If you (come) over

while we (work) out, we will not be able to let you into the house. Just to be

safe, we (leave) a key under the welcome mat so you will not have to waitoutside.

6. While you (study) at home, Magda (be) in class.

7. When I (get) to the party, Sally and Doug (dance) , John

(make) drinks, Sue and Frank (discuss) something

controversial, and Mary (complain) about something unimportant. They

are always doing the same things. They are so predictable. When you (get)

off the plane, I (wait) for you.8.

9. I am sick of rain and bad weather! Hopefully, when we (wake) up tomorrowmorning, the sun (shine) .

10. If you (need) to contact me sometime next week, I

(stay) at the Sheraton in San Francisco.

.


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FUTURE PERFECT

Future Perfect has two different forms: "will have done" and "be going to have done."Unlike Simple Futureforms, Future Perfect forms are usually interchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect with "Will"

[will have + past participle]Examples:

You will have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S. Will you have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.? You will not have perfected your English by the time you come back from the U.S.

FORM Future Perfect with "Be Going To"

[am/is/are + going to have + past participle]Examples:

You are going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from theU.S.

Are you going to have perfected your English by the time you come back from theU.S.?

You are not going to have perfected your English by the time you come back fromthe U.S.

NOTE: It is possible to use either "will" or "be going to" to create the Future Perfect with littleor no difference in meaning.

USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Future
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The Future Perfect expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in thefuture. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in thefuture.Examples:

By next November, I will have received my promotion. By the time he gets home, she is going to have cleanedthe entire house. I am not going to have finished this test by 3 o'clock. Will she have learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to

Beijing? Sam is probably going to have completed the proposal by the time he leaves this

afternoon. By the time I finish this course, I will have taken ten tests. How many countries are you going to have visited by the time you turn 50?

Notice in the examples above that the reference points (marked in italics) are in SimplePresent rather than Simple Future. This is because the interruptions are in time clauses,and you cannot use future tenses in time clauses.

USE 2 Duration Before Something in the Future (Non-Continuous Verbs)

With Non-Continuous Verbs and some non-continuous uses ofMixed Verbs, we use theFuture Perfect to show that something will continue up until another action in thefuture.Examples:

I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave. By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week.

Although the above use of Future Perfect is normally limited to Non-Continuous Verbs andnon-continuous uses of Mixed Verbs, the words "live," "work," "teach," and "study" aresometimes used in this way even though they are NOT Non-Continuous Verbs.

REMEMBER No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Future Perfect cannot be used in clauses beginning with timeexpressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc.Instead of Future Perfect,Present Perfect is used.Examples:

I am going to see a movie when I will have finished my homework. Not Correct I am going to see a movie when I have finished my homework. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only,

never, ever, still, just, etc.Examples:

You will only have learned a few words. Will you only have learned a few words? You are only going to have learned a few words. Are you only going to have learned a few words?
http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html#tchttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/types.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/types.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/presentperfect.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/types.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/types.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html#tchttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.htmlhttp://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplepresent.html


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ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples: They will have completed the project before the deadline.ACTIVE The project will have been completed before the deadline.PASSIVE They are going to have completed the project before the deadline.ACTIVE The project is going to have been completed before the deadline. PASSIVE

Verb Tense Exercise 25Simple Future / Future Perfect



1. Margaret: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the

store? Jerry: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) up the living

room and (finish) washing the dishes. Everything will be perfect when

your parents arrive.

Margaret: I hope so. They (arrive) around 6 o'clock.

Jerry: Everything (be) spotless by the time they get here.

2. Nick: I just have two more courses before I graduate from university. By this time next

year, I (graduate) , and I will already be looking for a job.Stacey: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future?

Nick: Not really. I (go) to a career counselor and get some advice on howto find a good job. Stacey: That's a good idea.Nick: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not

only) over 13 business courses, but I (work,

also) in the real world.

3. Stan: Did you hear that Christine (take) a vacation in South America thiswinter? Fred: I can't believe how often she goes abroad. Where exactly does she want to

go? Stan: She (visit) Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.

Fred: At this rate, she (visit) every country in the world by the time she's50.

4. Judy: How long have you been in Miami? Elaine: I have only been here for a couple of

weeks. Judy: How long do you plan on staying? Elaine: I love Miami, so I

(stay) here for an extended period of time.When I go back home, I

(be) here for more than three months.

Judy: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) just abouteverything there is to see in Miami by then.

5. Jane: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get to the dinner, everyone (finish,

already) eating. Jack: It's your own fault. You took way too long in


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the bathroom. Jane: I couldn't get my hair to look right. Jack: Who cares? By the time we

get there, everyone (left) . Nobody (see, even) your hair.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Future Perfect Continuous has two different forms: "will have been doing " and "be going to

have been doing." UnlikeSimple Future forms, Future Perfect Continuous forms are usuallyinterchangeable.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Will"

[will have been + present participle]Examples:

You will have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives. Will you have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally arrives? You will not have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finally

arrives.

FORM Future Perfect Continuous with "Be Going To"

[am/is/are + going to have been + present participle]Examples:

You are going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finallyarrives.

Are you going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her plane finallyarrives?

You are not going to have been waiting for more than two hours when her planefinally arrives.

NOTE: It is possible to

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