1.introduction to imp
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Introduction to Integrated Management Plans for Peatlands. Presented by Mr Faizal Parish, GECTRANSCRIPT
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ASEAN Peatland Forests Project
(APFP)
Regional Project
Executing Agency
Integrated Management
Planning of peatlands
Faizal Parish, Chee Tong Yiew, and Chin Sing Yun
APFP Regional Project Executing Agency
SEApeat Project
Technical Meeting on Integrated Management Planning for
Peatlands
Cherating, Malaysia 9-10 July 2012
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Peat Swamp forest is the main wetland
forest type in Asia
Kampar, Sumatra
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Peatlands cover about 25 million ha in Se Asia
RPEA
: ASEAN Peatland Forests Project (APFP)
Source: Sarvision
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Peatlands in SE Asia Country Area Source
Brunei 90,900 Page et al, 2011
Cambodia 4,580 Quoi, L.P. 2012
Indonesia 20,695,000 Page et al 2011
Lao PDR 19,100 Page et al 2011
Malaysia 2,588,900 Page et al 2011
Myanmar 122,800 Joosten, 2009
Philippines 64,500 Page et al 2011
Singapore 50 NEA
Thailand 63,800 Page et al 2011
Vietnam 53,300 Page et al 2011
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Peat accumulates in thick layers
over thousands of years
Distance
Mineral Soil
Organic matter
River River
< 1m < 1m > 3m
Peat layer up to 20 m thick
Source Nyoman Suriadiputra, Wetlands International Indonesia
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Peatlands provide water and prevent floods
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People in Peat swamp Forest in Pahang Peatlands Feed communities
Fishing, Pahang, Malaysia Source: UNDP-GEF PSF Project
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Peatlands support communities
Jelutong - Chewing Gum tree, Indonesia
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Unique Biodiversity
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CO2 CO2 CH4CH4
N O2УГВ
Peatlands regulate climate
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Most important regional carbon
Sink/Store in SE Asia
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.
Peatlands in SE Asia Store c80 billion tonnes of carbon
twice as much as all forest biomass
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Status in 2010
Malaysia, Sumatra, Kalimantan Vegetation cover Area (ha) Percentage
Peat swamp forest 5,249,000 34
Secondary PSF 4,186,000 27
Mosaic PSF 1,326,000 9
Open 1,536,000 10
Plantation 3,120,000 20
Other 120,000 1
TOTAL 15,528,000 100
Source: Miettenen et al, 2012
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Drivers of peatland degradation
1980 -2012 Agriculture and plantation development;
Mega-rice project – Kalimantan (1.5 million ha)
Oil Palm and pulp and paper plantations ( 3 million ha)
Other agriculture inc smallholder 2-3 million ha
Commercial and Illegal logging;
Majority of PSF allocated for harvesting – relatively little
implementing sustainable management plans.
Widespread illegal logging
Fires
1 million ha East Kalimantan 1982/83 El Nino
3 million ha Sumatra, Kalimantan in 1997/98 El Nino
Significant additional areas burnt in 2002, 2006
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Drainage with logging led to degradation and fires
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Peatland clearance and drainage for plantations
may lead to fires GHG emissions and haze
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Peatland fires lead to transboundary Smoke haze
MODIS image June
2005 -
Red dots: fires
Courtesy MODIS Rapid Response
Team
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© NASA TOMS 1000 km
Smoke Haze is the most serious regional
environment problem in ASEAN
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Recent changes 2002-2012
Regional Cooperation stimulated by fires and haze
ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze
pollution (2002)
ASEAN Peatland Management Initiative (2003)
ASEAN Peatland Management Strategy (2006)
ASEAN Peatland Forests project (2009-2014)
Peatlands and Climate Change
Recognition by CBD and UNFCCC (2007-9)
REDD+ 2006-2012
Emission reduction targets Indonesia (41%)
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Integrated Peatland Management
Key element in APMS
Key reason – each peatland is a single domed hydrological unit –
covering 10,000 up to 1,000,000 ha
Drainage of one portion leads to drainage and subsidence of
other portions.
Patchwork development will fragment the peatland.
Multiple agencies involved – Forestry, agriculture, water
resources, environment etc + communities and private sector
Integrate forest and water management, fire prevention,
community livelihood, carbon and biodiversity conservation.
Important to have a long term understanding – eg 50-100 years.
Coordination mechanism.
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1 januari 2008
Surface before drainage?
(subsidence pole placed
well after drainage)
The first industrial
oil palm plantations
on peat, developed
early 1960s
Now we see 3 to 4
metres ofsubsidence
within 50 years
The oldest experience in SE Asia: Johor, Malaysia
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Long term drainage impacts – replanting
With current drainage many coastal sites may become un-
drainable within 25-75 years.
Other sites underlain with acid-sulphate or quartz sand soils
Page et
al., 2011
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Low level boundary canal leads to
forest degradation and fire
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High level boundary ditch
maintains forest and prevents fire
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Fire Prevention Fire prevention is critical to integrated management. Fire
Danger rating can be used to guide preventive measures
and allocation of resources and facilitate patrolling and
warning action
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Block abandoned drains in adjacent lands and forests
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Conclusions Peat Swamp forest is the main wetland forest type in SE Asia and plays
a critical role for climate regulation, water supply and livelihood support.
Only 34% of PSF remain in relatively intact albeit harvested form.
20% of peatlands have been converted to plantations and balance is degraded or fragmented.
Unless situation can be changed – long term scenario is of continuing degradation and fires and large-scale land subsidence.
Critical that new strategies for integrated management are implemented in partnership with all stakeholders to conserve remaining intact forest, rehabilitate or better use degraded land and improve management on plantation land and bring benefits to local community.
Enhance regional cooperation and partnership between government, private sector and local communities.
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Objectives for the workshop
Share experience on integrated management of
peatlands from the region
Identify strengths and weaknesses and gaps for
implementation of existing plans.
Identify good practices and lessons learned
Identify key principles to guide future integrated
management measures
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Thank you