1istec 2005all rights reserved. hopi saying: does this talk grow corn?

1ISTEC 2005All Rights Reserved.

Hopi saying: does this talk grow corn?


Reality Check: Education, Research and

Development


USA35%

EUROPE29%

JAPAN15%

REST OF WORLD

21%

Information Technology

Teledensity (telephone lines per 100 inhabitants)• Industrialized nations is over 48• Middle-income nations around 10• Least advanced countries is about 1.5• World average is 11.5

Informatics gap (PC ratio per 100 inhabitants)• Industrialized nations is over 18• Middle-income nations around 2.3• Least advanced countries is about 0.01

ITMARKET SHARE


Latin America Y2K

There are hidden resources in Latin America.• 100 million without basic education; 44 million illiterate• 44% of LAC are poor, 211 million

Population Growth By Y2K

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

NorthAmerica

Russia Europe Latin America

Mill

ions


Who does S&T?

G-7 nations:• industry does 50-70% of S&T• resources for S&T come from government and industry• majority of resources are spent in industry

USA: • basic R&D sponsored primarily by the government• applied R&D sponsored primarily by industry and

government• universities perform basic R&D

Latin America:• R&D primarily sponsored by the government


Who does S&T?

Brazil, Costa Rica, Chile, and Cuba are the only countries in Latin America with greater than 1% investment of GDP in R&D.• Japan 2.7%

• Germany 2.4%

• United States 2.4%

• Brazil 1.3 %

• Canada 1.6%

• Spain 0.9%

• Russia Less than 0.5%

• Latin American average is 0.5%


Who does S&T?

Expenditure in S&T• USA $265 billion (68% industry)

• Canada $11 billion

• Brazil $5 billion

• Spain $5.4 billion

• Mexico $1.7 billion

• Argentina $1.5 billion

Human Resources in S&T• USA researchers 1 million

• Latin American researchers 126 k (Brazil 50k, Arg 29k, Mex 15k)

• Spain and Portugal 63k

• Canada 100k

• Rest under 10k


Scientists and Engineers in Brazil, South Korea and USA

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Brazil(1996) Korea(1997) USA(1994)

Industry University Institutes

Source: http://.most.go.kr/research-e/3-3.htm http://www.ifi.unicamp.br/~brito

8.765

56.760

12.336

74.665

48.588

15.185

764.500

128.50070.000

Scientists and Engineers


Indicators


Labor Force in R&D

USA and Japan 0.8% Korea 0.4% Brazil 0.11%

Mean value in developed nations is 0.54%


Publications and Patents

OECD nations: • 14% of world population

• generate 86% of publications and 85% of patents

• 3,000 S&E per 100,000 people

• Invest 2.4% of GNP in R&D

Latin America and Caribbean:• 300 S&E per 100,000 people

• Invest 0.5% of GNP in R&D

In 1997: LAC over 500 million people, filed 1,708 patents. Israel over 6 million, filed 1796 patents.


IEEE information used around the world

Academic Corporate Government Total

Pacific Rim

21% 3% 2% 26%

Europe 12% 4% 1% 17%

Middle East/India

1% 0% 1% 2%

S./Central America

5% 0% 0% 5%

North America

13% 28% 9% 50%

% of Total 53% 35% 12% 100%


Higher Education

LAC: 20% population• For every 100 individuals 35 finish

OECD: 81% population Asia: 28%

• Korea: 36%


Higher Education

LAC: 1,963 PhD programs, 269 institutions, in 14 countries.

Concentrated in Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, and Venezuela.

Brazil, Cuba, Mexico: 80% of PhD programs. Limited offer: Chile, Colombia, Peru, Costa Rica and

Uruguay Extremely low offer: Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras

and Panama. No offer: El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua,

Paraguay, and Dominican Republic.


Higher Education

36% of institutions offer one (1) PhD program 70% of institutions offer 1-5 PhD programs 13% of 2000 institutions in LAC can offer a PhD

program

50% of PhD programs are offered by 7.4% of the total number of institutions that offer at least 1 program

Majority of PhD programs are concentrated in 1% of the total number of institutions


Higher Education

PhD programs:• Humanities and Social Sciences – 31%

• Natural and Exact Sciences – 27%

• Medicine – 14%

• Technology and Engineering – 14%

• Agro Sciences – 9%

• Earth Sciences and Space – 4.3%


References

La Oferta de Formación Doctoral en América Latina • Jesús Sebastián• Centro de Información y Documentación Científica (CINDOC)• Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC),

Madrid, España

NSF Science and Engineering Indicators, 2002 EE Times, October 2000 Informe sobre necesidades de empleo y formacion

en las Nuevas Tecnologias de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones, Madrid, Marzo 6-7, 2001

Oportunidades y desafíos tecnológicos: La brecha digital y la revolución biotecnológica. Quindi Franco y Nelson Viloria, CAF.


References

Universidade Pública e Desenvolvimento • Carlos H. de Brito Cruz, Reitor UNICAMP

A Universidade, a Empresa e a Pesquisa que o País Precisa

• Carlos H. de Brito Cruz, Reitor UNICAMP ISTEC Publications 1990-2001 IEEE presentation to ISTEC Board of Directors, Dr.

Raymond D. Findlay

1istec 2005all rights reserved. hopi saying: does this talk grow corn?

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