1_major hazards classification

8/6/2019 1_Major Hazards Classification

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Sesi 1

Major Hazards

Fatma Lestari


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Course Objectives

Introduction Definition

Determine whether a site should be

classed as a Major Hazard site Outline the concepts of a major hazard

management


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Introduction


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Disaster

always have potential for major loss: People

Property

Facility

Data

Finance

Environment


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Disaster classification

Natural Disaster

ec no og ca n us r a sas er

Deliberate (intentional) disaster


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Definition


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When is the major hazards exists?

Major Hazards exists at a workplacewhen the impact of that hazard has thepotential to escalate events beyond the

ili f h i n r l r r r

cope The potential to harm people, property

or the environment beyond the

immediate workplace or the potential formultiple fatalities within an industry orto the public from that industry

Green, A.R. Course Notes. Major Hazards Management


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Which one is the major hazards?

Airport Nuclear power plant

Chemical industries

FOCUS

Hazardous industries involvingchemicals


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What is major hazard installation?

Major hazard installation: An industrialinstallation which stores, processes orproduces hazardous substances in such aform and such a quantity that they possess

.term is also used for an installation which hason its premises, either permanently ortemporarily, a quantity of hazardoussubstance which exceeds the amount

prescribed in national or state major hazardlegislation

ILO. Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents


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Major accident?

Major accident: An unexpected, suddenoccurrence including, in particular, a majoremission, fire or explosion, resulting fromabnormal develo ments in the course of an

industrial activity, leading to a seriousdanger to workers, the public or theenvironment, whether immediate ordelayed, inside or outside the installationand involving one or more hazardoussubstances

ILO. Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents


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General Criteria of major hazard

installationsMajor hazard installations possess the potential, by virtue of

the nature and quantity of hazardous substances present,

to cause a major accident in one of the following generalcategories:

the release oftoxic substances in tonnage quantities which

the point of release; the release ofextremely toxic substances in kilogram

quantities which are lethal or harmful even at considerabledistances from the point of release;

the release offlammable liquids or gases in tonnagequantities which may either burn to produce high levels ofthermal radiation or form an explosive vapour cloud;

the explosion of unstable or reactive materials.


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Criteria for Major Hazard Installation

1. Toxicity criteria: Very Toxic (Category 1 and 2)and Toxic substances (Category 3)

2. Flammable substances Gases which form flammable mixtures with air

Highly or extremely flammable liquids with flash pointslower than 21 C

Flammable liquids with flash points lower than 55 C

3. Substances which may explode when incontact with a source of ignition or which aremore sensitive to shock and friction thandinitrobenzene

Substances and Quantities Potential to Cause Major Accidents


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Major Hazards

Management


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Why use Major Hazard Management?

to manage potential multiple fatalityevents

to do it more effectively and efficiently

to meet regulatory requirements

to improve business success


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Major Hazard Focus

Very high risksshould already

Major Hazardsrisks focus of

The focus of the Major Hazard Facilities is on the highconsequence (catastrophic) but low frequency incidents

Frequency

OHS risks

alreadyregulated

be eliminated

MinorRisks

MHF Regs


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Major Hazards Management MethodologyHazard Identification

Major Incident Events

Risk Analysis

S

afetyMa

Non-MIE (ie OH&S)

Dem

Define Safety Critical Activities

Performance Standards

Systems Integrity

agement

System

Implementation

nstration

of

dequacy


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Experience

feedback

HazardIdentification

Risk Analysis

Risk

Assessment

Lessonslearned from

past accidents

Investigations

The Major Hazards Control Approach (accidental risks)

onsequences

Assessment

MitigationMeasures

PreventionMeasures

PreventionEmergencyPlanning

Preparedness

(exercises)

Intervention

Response

Recovery


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Manajemen Risiko

AS HB 4360-2004


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Basic Risk Management System

Identifythe

Hazards

AnalyseMonitor

Monitor

Risks

Decideto

Control

TakeAction

Decideto

Eliminate

Decideto

Tolerate

PerformanceChange


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Control Framework

Principal Hazard

Mana ement

MajorHazard

Prevention

Controls

Monitoring

Controls

1st Response

Controls

Emergency

Response

anagement


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Control MeasuresProactive Controls Reactive Controls

IncidentsHazardsCauses Outcomes

Eliminationmeasures

Preventionmeasures

Mitigation

measures

Emergency ResponseReductionmeasures


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BOW TIE ANALYSIS

H

A

Z

CO

N

S

E

TOPEVENTAR

D

ControlMeasures

QU

E

N

C

ES

RecoveryMeasures

Controlling the threatswhich could release

the Unwanted Event

Recovering from and/orminimising the effects

of the Event


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Fault Tree Analysis

TOP

EVENT

or

BASICUNDEVELOPED

FAULT

EVENT

FAULT

EVENT

BASIC BASIC

& or


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a bow-tie approach

DC

DDC

DDC

UE

CuE

UE

UE

or

and

or

SCE

DP

DP

ME

ME

ME

TCE

CEDDC

DDC

UE

UE

UE

UEand

or

or

NSC

DC

SCE

DP ME

DPME

ME

TCE

TCE

Fault Tree Event Tree

CriticalEvent


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a bow-tie approach

DC

DDC

DDC

UE

UE

UE

UE

or

and

or

SCE

DP

DP

ME

ME

ME

TCE

CEDDC

DDC

UE

UE

UE

UEand

or

or

NSC

DC

SCE

DP ME

DPME

ME

TCE

TCE

Safety barriers


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Consider the Past Present and

Future

Historicalconditions

What has gone wrong in the past?

Root Cause

Historical RecordsProcess ExperienceNear Misses

Existingconditions

Future

conditions

What could go wrong currently?

What could go wrong due to change?

HazardsHAZID WorkshopHAZOP StudyScenario DefinitionsChecklists

Change ManagementWhat-If JudgementPrediction

unforeseeable

1_major hazards classification

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