Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisThroughputNovember 11, 2011 1 Ardavan Asef-VaziriThroughput, Utilization, Bottleneck, Efective Capacity, Theoretical Capacity, and Capacity Leverages. Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisFlow Rate, Throughut, Ta!t Time and "aa#it$Throughput is the number o !o" units per unit o time.#. $bserve the process or a number o periods.%. &easure the number o !o" units that are processed per unit o time.'. Compute the average number o !o" units per unit o time.Throughput = Average Flow RateCapacity is the ma(imum sustainable !o" rate. )n periods o heavy congestion, throughput is e*ual to capacity. )n a synchronized operation+ Throughput , -emand . CapacityThroughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&2 Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisFlow Rate, Throughut, Ta!t Time and "aa#it$Cycle Time is defned in terms of Capacity. Cycle time = 1/CapacityCapacity= 1/hourCycle Time = 1/1 hourCycle Time = ! minutesTa"t timederived rom the /erman "ord 0pace1. Ta"t Time is defned in relation to #emand or Throughput.#emand = 1$/hour Throughput = 1$/ hour Ta"t Time = 1/#emand = 1/%Throughput& = 1/RTa"t Time = 1/1$ hourTa"t Time =minutesThroughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&& Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisFlow Rate, Throughut, Ta!t Time and "aa#it$R= Ra Ta"t time= 1/RaAverage inter'arrival time = Ta = 1/Ra = 1/R = Average inter' e(it time)t is not uncommon or managers to state that their machines have takt time o 2ve minutes 3#4#% hour5. )t is "rong. Takt timeis a measure o e(ternal demand, it has nothing to do "ith the internal measure o machine capacity.)n a synchronized system, Takt time is the time each station has to send one !o" unit out to the ne(t station.Chapter 6 "as on )ow time minimi*ation. Chapter 7 is on throughput ma(imi*ation. Chapter 6 and 7 are both +time, minimi*ations. 8hy9 Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&' Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisA#tivit$ Time, (nit )oad, Total (nit )oad$peration B:ctivity Time , #; min$peration ::ctivity Time , 7 min) both are done on Recourse %1& then the theoretical unit load of Resource%1& is 1-.= 1 min.) Capacity "aste actor in both stations is %7< then the total unit load #743#=;.%75 , %; min. 8e reer to this as Tp. )t is not important to memorize the theoretical unit load and theunit load. 8hat is important is i "e do not consider Capacity 8aste >actor then "e are talking about the theoretical capacity. ) "e consider, then "e are talking efective capacity or simply capacity. Flow Rate and Capacity AnalysisResour#es, Resour#e *ools and Resour#e *ooling/nit 0oad of a Resource /nit %Tp& 1 The amount o time the resource "orks to process each !o" unit. This includes a share o all distractions such as maintenance, repair, setup, etc. )t is a efective unit load not the theoretical unit load. Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&+ Flow Rate and Capacity Analysis,ffe#tive "aa#it$ 23ective Capacity of a Resource /nitRp=1/unit load = 1/ Tp23ective Capacity of a Resource 4ool , Rp=c/Tp5ottlenec" ? The resource pool "ith the minimum efective capacity. 23ective capacity of a process+ 23ective capacity o the6ottlenec". Cross train Claims @upervisor to help &ailroom clerk )ncrease Capacity. Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&- Flow Rate and Capacity Analysis100. (tilization is a /igh Ris!)magine a a ree"ay "here all the cars are driving e(actly A7 and the distance bet"een pairs o cars in # inch. :s long as every one has a speed o e(actly A7 that is 2ne. But can they do that98hat happens i one hits the break9Bo" long does it take to clean the ree"ay. -o cars pass ree"ay easier "hen utilization is # and they are moving bumper to bumper, or "hen 7;< o the ree"ay is empty, U , ;.7, or "hen U , ;.%7. Bo" long it takes to clean up accidents in these situations9Cever make U o all the sub=processes or activities, and not even a single sub=process , #Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&0 Flow Rate and Capacity Analysis"aa#it$ (tilizationCapacity utilization o a resource poolUp , Throughput4Efective capacity o a resource pool , R/RpCapacity utilization o the processU , Throughput4Efective capacity othe bottleneck resource pool D , 6;; per day. Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&1 Flow Rate and Capacity Analysis"$#le Time, Ta!t Time, Flow Time-ay , 6E; minutes.Dp , 6E; per dayCycle time ,#4DpCT , #46E; dayCT = !7-%1/!7-& = 1 minute8e already kne" CT , # min.Throughut Anal$sis Ardavan Asef-Vaziri,%une 201&10D , 6;; per dayTakt Time , #4DTT , #46;; dayTT=!7-%1/!--& = 1.$ minute>lo" Time , #F7FEF%.7FT = 18. Flow Rate and Capacity Analysis (nit )oad for a *rodu#t 2i3Billing+ Ghysician claims A;