1xxxxxx titre xxxx © ndt expert © ndt expert - the ultimate control infrared thermography on...
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INFRARED INFRARED THERMOGRAPHYTHERMOGRAPHY
ON AIRCRAFTON AIRCRAFT
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Basic kit for the IRT control
Measurement chain
COMPAQ
V70 V70
(4)
(1)
(3)
(2)
Calibration pieceheating 1- IR camera
2 – control panel of the camera
3 – Direct view on the screen
4 – Signal processing of the acquisition
INSTRUMENTATION
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Instrumentation used in IRT
Choice of the camera :
• Multiple use of the detector : IR night vision, thermal control of active sources, military application, ….
• Thermal sensitivity : (0,1° till 0,01°C)
• Acquisition frequency (25 till 300 image/s)
• Line acquisition mode or Focal Plane Array (FPA)
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Instrumentation used in IRT
Heating choices :
• Different techniques : hot air blower, tubes, flash lamps, hot water, pulsed heating, laser, sun for space shuttle, heating blanckets
• Surface heating or linear heating
• Homogeneity, reproductibility, calibration, characterization
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IRT CONTROL ON COMPOSITE
transmission technique :
14 mm
carbon
rubber
Applied Heat
Transmitted Heat
Without defect With defect
T
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IRT CONTROL ON COMPOSITE
Reflexion technique :
Emitted Heat
Reflected Heat
Absorbed Heat
T
With defectWithout defect
14 mm
carbon
rubber
THERMOGRAM
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Temperature variation in a point
Reflexion technique :
Transmission technique :
heating
T°
time
heating
T°
time
Without defect
With defect (isolation)
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Thermographic Inspection
Advantages of the method :• Global examination of part
• Only ONE SIDE access is required for the examination
• Real Time inspection
• Apply for all composite structure and materials even porous
• not very sensitive to part geometry, well suited for large surfaces
Disavantages :• Sensitive to heating mode (type,duration,position)
• Response time must be studied
• Exact composition of the pieces and the thicknesses must be known
• Less definition than Ultrasonic C-Scan and Radiography
• Inhomogeneous heating on complex part
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DEFECTS ENCOUNTERED
• Lack of adhesion of cohesion, bubbles
• Delamination
• Defects on surface coatings
• Inclusions of foreign materials
• Liquid ingress
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Pulse heating method
Detection of defects inside a honeycomb composite part
Reflexion method
Heating pulse : 0.1 sec
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Pulse method – reflexion inspection on part M88
• 7 defects visible
• Contrast is decreasing after optimum image
Picture of part First image Heated part at T0
Optimum image 5 Sec after 10 sec after
1 2
3 4 5
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• 7 defects are detected
Transmission face 1
Defects seen as dark spots
Reflexion face 1
Reflexion face 2
Transmission Vs Reflexion method
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Modulated thermography
440 mm
370 mm
carbon
14 mm
Test sample, composite bonding Carbon/Elastomer
rubber
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Phase Image Amplitude image
Method : reflexion heating, rubber sideFrequency : 0.006 HzModulation : 1000 images
Modulated thermography
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Method : transmission heating, rubber sideFrequency : 0.003 HzModulation : 1000 images
Phase imageAmplitude image
Modulated thermography
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Disbonded area
A A
Cross section AA
rubber
aluminium
kevlar
bonding
Modulated thermography
Test sample, composite bonding Metal/Elastomer/Kevlar
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Phase imageAmplitude Image
Modulated thermography
Method : transmission heating, kevlar sideFrequency : 0.006 HzModulation : 3000 images
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Conclusions
• Global method, quick, well suited for detection on composite and complex shaped surface, and for large areas
• Easy to set up on site (maintenance, expertise, production control)
• Quick evolution of the technology, lower price of detectors, new powerfull software for analysis tools will increase :
• maximum inspected thickness
• spatial and thermal resolution
• velocity of inspection