2 1 temperature and particle movement (1)

8/18/2019 2 1 Temperature and Particle Movement (1)

1/14


2/14

Matter and moving particles

! "ll matter is made of atoms

! "toms are always in motion

! Motion of atoms give off energy

EQ: How do I know kinetic energy is the

basis of temperature?


3/14

#inetic Theory of Matter

! "ll the particles that make up matter are

constantly in motion

!E$plains the different states of matter

EQ: How do I know kinetic energy is

the basis of temperature?


4/14


! %olid & Particles are not free to move around very

much

&'ibrate back in forth in the same position

& Held tightly together by forces of attraction

EQ: How do I knowkinetic energy is the

basis of

temperature?


5/14


! (i)uid Particles

& Move more freely than solids

& *onstantly sliding around and tumbling over

each other as they move

EQ: How do I know

kinetic energy is thebasis of temperature?


6/14


! +as Particles

& "re far apart

& Move at high speeds

& Might collide with one another, but otherwise

they do not interact

EQ: How do I know

kinetic energy is the

basis of temperature?


7/14

Particle %peed

! -o not always move at

the same speed even in

the same ob.ect

! " fast moving particlemay strike another

particle and lose speed

! " slow moving particle

may strike a faster one

and pick up speed




8/14

Temperature

! " measure of the average kinetic energy

of all the particles in an ob.ect, not .ust

speed

! If a li)uid has a high temperature, the

particles are/00

Moving faster

This means the kinetic energy is high

EQ: How do I know kinetic energy is the basis

of temperature?


9/14

Temperature %cales

! -egrees & 1sed to measure

temperatures

& E)ually spaced units

between two points

! To establish a temperature

we usually use the

free2ing and melting

points of water



http://www.123rf.com/photo_7912602_thermometer.html


10/14

*elsius

! %I 1nit for measuring temperature

! 3ree2ing is 4

! 5oiling is 644

EQ: How do I know kinetic energy is thebasis of temperature?


11/14

7hy does a thermometer8s

fluid go up

! Measures temperature through the regular

variation of some physical property of the

material inside the thermometer

! Measures temperatures because the

li)uid inside the thermometer always

e$pands or contracts by a certain amount

in response to a change in temperature

EQ: How do I know kinetic

energy is the basis of

temperature?


12/14

Thermal E$pansion

! Property that

makes li)uid

filled

thermometers

work

"ll gases, manyli)uids and most

solids e$pand when

their temperatureincreases

EQ: How do I

know kinetic

energy is the

basis of

temperature?


13/14

E$pansion 9oints! 1sed to build

highways and bridges

! %hort segments with

slight breaks in

highways and bridges

! "llows the material to

e$pand easily

EQ: How do I know kinetic

energy is the basis of

temperature?


14/14

*lass 7ork and Homework

! 3ill In & 7hat did I learn

& *onfused

& %ay

& ead pages ;< & =>

& "nswer )uestions 6?@ & Questions 6 & ;, plus the challenge )uestion

on page =;

EQ: How do I know

kinetic energy is the

basis oftemperature?

2 1 temperature and particle movement (1)

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