2 3 2 ni(nh3 42 cu(nh3 ag(nh3 - tucson unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/ap chem/chap 16 part...

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Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Complex Ions and Simultaneous Equilibria Complex Ion a charged aqueous species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by ligands Examples of ligands H 2 O, NH 3 , Cl , CN Ligands all have lone pairs that are attracted to the positive metal, the number of ligands is call the coordination number Co(H 2 O) 6 2+ Ni(NH 3 ) 6 2+ CoCl 4 2 Cu(NH 3 ) 4 2+ Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + Complex Ions often form colorful solutions with transition metals! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI1K4Hpjr0U

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Page 1: 2 3 2 Ni(NH3 42 Cu(NH3 Ag(NH3 - Tucson Unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/AP Chem/Chap 16 Part 4.pdf · Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Simultaneous equilibriatwo or more

Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018

Complex Ions and Simultaneous Equilibria

Complex Ion­a charged aqueous species consisting of a metal ion surrounded by ligands

Examples of ligandsH2O, NH3, Cl­, CN­

Ligands all have lone pairs that are attracted to the positive metal, the number of ligands is call the coordination number

Co(H2O)62+Ni(NH3)62+CoCl42­Cu(NH3)42+Ag(NH3)2+

Complex Ions often form colorful solutions with transition metals!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mI1K4Hpjr0U

Page 2: 2 3 2 Ni(NH3 42 Cu(NH3 Ag(NH3 - Tucson Unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/AP Chem/Chap 16 Part 4.pdf · Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Simultaneous equilibriatwo or more

Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018

Complex Ions and Solubility

AgCl (s) Ag+(aq) +  Cl­ (aq)   

Ksp = 1.6 x 10­10

How to shift the eq. to the right?

Remove a product!

Ag+    +     NH3 Ag(NH3)+           K = 2100

Ag(NH3)+   +   NH3 Ag(NH3)2+    K = 8200

Solubility of AgCl in pure water is 1.3 x 10­5 mol/L

Solubility of AgCl in 10.0 M NH3 is 0.48 mol/L

Take Home Message• Dissolving a solid in a solution with a common ion REDUCES solubility• Dissolving a solid in a solution that can form a complex ion with the cation INCREASES solubility

Reason is the same Le Chatelier's Principle!

Page 3: 2 3 2 Ni(NH3 42 Cu(NH3 Ag(NH3 - Tucson Unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/AP Chem/Chap 16 Part 4.pdf · Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Simultaneous equilibriatwo or more

Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018

Simultaneous equilibria­two or more reactions that occur at the same time in a solution

PbCl2  Ksp = 1.7 x 10­5PbCrO4 Ksp = 1.8 x 10­14

A few drops of K2CrO4 is added to a small amount of white precipitate of PbCl2.  Find K of the reaction.

PbCl2 + CrO4 2­  PbCrO4  +  2 Cl­

The compound with the lower solubility will form the precipitate.  

Page 4: 2 3 2 Ni(NH3 42 Cu(NH3 Ag(NH3 - Tucson Unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/AP Chem/Chap 16 Part 4.pdf · Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Simultaneous equilibriatwo or more

Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018

Can silver chloride be converted to silver bromide by adding bromide ion?

AgCl(s)  +  Br­ (aq) AgBr (s)   +  Cl­ (aq)

AgCl  Ksp = 1.6 x 10­10AgBr Ksp = 5.0 x 10­13

Page 5: 2 3 2 Ni(NH3 42 Cu(NH3 Ag(NH3 - Tucson Unified …edweb.tusd1.org/cgrasso/AP Chem/Chap 16 Part 4.pdf · Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018 Simultaneous equilibriatwo or more

Chap 16 Part 4Ta.notebook January 30, 2018