2-8 schade bml sym 2feb09 - george mason...

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BML-Related Research in Germany

Dr. Ulrich Schade

FGAN-FKIE

GERMANY

[email protected]

presented at the GMU Battle Management Language Symposium 2009

George Mason University

Dr. Eckehard Neugebauer

IABG

GERMANY

[email protected]

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2 Content

1. An overview of BML-related research in Germany

2. Grammar extensions for communication in Complex Endeavors

3. Grammar extensions for communicating Geo-Information

4. Conclusions

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3 BML-related research in Germany

coordinated by the

Federal Office of the Bundeswehr for Information Management and Information Technology Modeling and Simulation Branch

POC: Major Thomas Orichel

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Contributions to NATO RTO MSG 048 “Coalition BML”

Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG) developed in cooperation with

especially with Dr. Michael R. Hieb

The C2LG defines a BML that allows expressing orders (assignment of tasks to units + command intent), requests and reports.

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Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG)

The BML defined by the C2LG allows users to formulate orders, requests and reports taking advantage of their military knowledge.

Example: A orders B to occupy a specific building:

occupy A B Building2109 at Melkar Square start at now label-r-4828;

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•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2008). A linguistic basis for multi-agency coordination. 13th ICCRTS, June 2008, Bellevue, WA.

•  Hieb, M.R. & Schade, U. (2008). Applying a Formal Language of Command and Control for Inter-operability between Systems. AFCEA-GMU C4I Center Symposium „Critical Issues in C4I“. Fairfax, VA.

•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2007). Improving Planning and Replanning: Using a Formal Grammar to Automate Processing of Command and Control Information for Decision Support. The International C2 Journal, 1(2), 69-90.

•  Hieb, M.R. & Schade, U. (2007). Formalizing Command Intent Through Development of a Command and Control Grammar. 12th ICCRTS. Newport, RI.

•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2007). Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Reports. 2007 Spring SIW (= Paper 07S-SIW-036). Norfolk, VA.

•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2006). Development of Formal Grammars to Support Coalition Command and Control: A Battle Management Language for Orders, Requests, and Reports. 11th ICCRTS. Cambridge, UK.

•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2006). Formalizing Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Orders. 2006 Spring SIW (= Paper 06S-SIW-068). Huntsville, AL.

some papers about C2LG

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Orders, requests, and reports that follow the C2LG can be formulated with the help of the C2LG-GUI.

This GUI has been connected to the Dutch C2 system ISIS and the Norwegian C2 system NORTaC for the MSG 048 demonstrations presented at I/ITSEC 07 and I/ITSEC 08 in Orlando, Florida.

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C2LG-GUI – snapshot

BML-related research in Germany

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C2LG-GUI

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Papers about the I/ITSEC presentations:

•  De Reus, N., de Krom, P., Pullen, M. & Schade, U. (2008). BML – Proof of Principle and Future Development. I/ITSEC, December 2008, Orlando, FL.

•  Pullen, M., Hieb, M.R., Schade, U., Rein, K., Frey, M. & Orichel, T. (2008). Enabling the MSG-048 Multinational Demonstration 2007 with the Command and Control Lexical Grammar and JBML Web Services. NATO MSG Conference, October 2008, Vancouver, Canada.

•  De Reus, N., De Krom, P., Mevassvik, O.M., Alstad, A., Sletten, G., Schade, U. & Frey, M. (2008). BML-enabling of national C2 systems for coupling to Simulation. Spring SIW (= Paper 08S-SIW-095), April 2008, Providence, RI.

•  Pullen, M., Carey, S., Cordonnier, N., Khimeche, L., Schade, U., de Reus, N., LeGrand, G., Mevassvik, O.M., Cubero, S.G., Gonzales Godoy, S., Powers, M. & Galvin, K. (2008). NATO MSG-048 Coalition Battle Management Language Initial Demonstration. Spring SIW (= Paper 08S-SIW-082), April 2008, Providence, RI.

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The Fraunhofer institute IAIS developed a multi-agent simulation system (ITSimBw). A version of BML based on the C2LG was used in this system for inter-agent communication.

Advantage: Simulated units (agents) can easily be substituted by real units (and vice versa) without changing their communication behavior.

Hügelmeyer, P., Schade, U. & Zöller, T. (2007). Application of BML to inter-agent communication in the ITSimBw simulation environment. In: Henderson, S.G., Biller, B., Hsieh, M.-H., Shortle, J., Tew, J.D. & Barton, R.R. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, December 2007, Washington, DC.

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12 BML Projects in Germany

There are three more projects in progress that include BML aspects:

• in National Project VSimFü C2LG is used to task Simulated Units for Future Concept Development

• in Coalition Project COMELEC C2LG is used to task French and German Simulated Units

• in National Project AUGE C2LG is used as a representation language for the analysis of HUMINT Reports

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Project VSimFü

POC: Dr. Probst [email protected]

C2LG-GUI

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German Contributions to Project COMELEC (2009)

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Project Report

Header Topic

Content

Content in BML Threat Model Indicators

Analyst’s Interface

Threat Recognizer

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POC: Mr. Ziegler [email protected]

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Purely Military Communications do not work in a Complex Endeavor.

In a military operation, orders are used to assign tasks to subordinate units. “Order” incorporates the meaning that the one who gives the order can expect the one who receives it will execute it without question.

In the context of a Complex Endeavor, orders cannot be used to assign tasks to other organizations.

Grammar Extensions for Complex Endeavors

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A Directive is a speech act that has the purpose of having the receiver perform a task.

Directives Orders typical for military operations Taskings typical for complex endeavors Requests typical for complex endeavors

also

Pleas Challenges


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Orders : The right to direct the receiver results from military organizational hierarchy. (The receiver is subordinate to the sender.)

Tasking: The right to direct the receiver results from some organizational hierarchy. (The sender coordinates the endeavor.)

Requests: The right to direct the receiver does not result from a organizational hierarchy, but derives from the common intent. The requested action would help to achieve a common goal (as agreed upon in the common intent).


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Orders The recipient of an order executes the ordered task without question.

Taskings / Requests The recipient of a request may not execute the requested task. However, the requester needs to know whether the requested task will be executed. Thus, the receiver of a request must confirm that the request was received and – if the receiver will execute the requested task – he has to commit himself to do so.


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To handle the communication between Military Organizations, Civil Organizations and NGOs, the language (BML) must

include

Confirmations and

Commissives / Declinations.

These types of expressions serve as coordination tools in the multi-agent context of Complex Endeavors.


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Example: A → B tasking: evacuate A B Building2109 at Melkar Square start at now […] label-r-4828; B → A tasking-confirmation: label-r-4828; commission: evacuate B Building2109 at Melkar Square start at now […] regarding label-r-4828 label-com-4835;

[declination: label-r-4828;]


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Papers about the C2LG adaptation for Complex Endeavors:

•  Schade, U. & Hieb, M.R. (2008). A Linguistic Basis for Multi-Agency Coordination. 13th ICCRTS, June 2008. Bellevue, WA.

•  Hieb, M.R., Kleiner, M., Carey, S. & Schade, U. (2009). Characterizing Doctrine through a Formalization of C2 Processes. Paper submitted to the 14th ICCRTS, June 2009. Washington, DC.


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The GeoBML process determines Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO).

There are several situations in which these TSO have to be communicated. For example:

1.  Information Sharing Informs about the existence of the TSO.

2.  Reference: Designating the TSO in a Directive.

Developing Grammar Extensions for Communicating GEO-Information

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Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO) Information Sharing

Suggested Format: doctrinal statement: Sender TSO TSO-type TSO-ID Label

Example: doctrinal statement: PzGrenBde37 TSO CheckPoint Pi label-ds-17;

More information about Pi will be in the database. The ID Pi can be hyperlinked to that information.


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Tactical Spatial Objects (TSO) Reference

Suggested Format: C_S → TSO-type TSO-ID Owner [User] StartWhen (EndWhen) Label

Example: area of interest Alpha PzGrenBde37 PzGrenBtl372

start at TP1 label-tso-29; Again, more information about Alpha will be in the database. The statement is mostly about when the TSO is to be used by whom.


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Germany is using BML (C2LG) in many different projects for representing Orders and Reports.

FGAN is developing infrastructure for NATO MSG 048 and collaborating with IABG on several Projects.

Several other organizations in Germany are also involved in BML Projects.

FGAN has a continuing research initiative with GMU to develop Formal Languages for BML.

Conclusions

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Thanks for Your Attention !

Questions and Comments are appreciated.

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The language the C2LG defines can easily be complemented with means to

•  communicate Command Intent;

•  communicate in a complex endeavor including means for turn taking, e.g., confirmations and commitments;

•  communicate geo-information including means for introducing, exchanging, and ordering Tactical Spatial Objects.

Conclusions

2-8 schade bml sym 2feb09 - george mason...

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